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REESE LIBRARY

OF Till'.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
Accession No. 7 OJo / O • CLus No.

r

: r^.'

COLLECTIONS

OF THE

yirginia Historical Society.

New Series,

VOL. VII.

1

r^NH

WM. ELLIS JONES,

PRINTER,

RICHMOND, VA.

1-

i^

ABSTRACT

OF THE

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

VirginiaCompany of London,

I 6 I 9 — I 624,

PREPARED FROM THE

RECORDS IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

BY

CONWAY ROBINSON,

AND EDITED WITH AN

INTRODUCTION AND NOTES

BY

R. A. BROCK,
Corresponding Secretary and Librarian of the Society,

Richmond, Virginia.

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY.

Mf)CCCLXXXVIII,

lirSL jy

INTRODUCTIO^f.

The essential value of the Proceedings of the Virginia Com-
pany of London, towards a due knowledge of the planting of
the first of the American Commonwealths, is patent. Although
highly useful excerpts from them have been presented by the
zealous and indefatigable investigator, Rev. Edward D. Neill,
D. D., in his publications illustrative of the early history of
Virginia, it is believed that the abstracts now offered will prove
an acceptable aggrandizement of his labors, and inasmuch as
they were prepared by a scholar of singular discernment — the
late eminent jurist, Conway Robinson, whose professional works
are held in prime authority and as of enduring worth — it may be
hoped, with confidence, that they are comprehensive as to all
desirable details.

The Virginia Historical Society is greatly indebted to Mr.
Robinson for a signal devotion to its interests, which only ceased
with his life. He was one of its founders, on December 29th,
1 83 1 ; its first treasurer ; from 1835 until his removal to Wash-
ington, D. C, in 1869, a member of its " Standing," or Executive
Committee, serving for a greater portion of the period as chair-
man, and subsequently and continuously as vice-president of the
Society.

The abstracts, it is thought, were made by Mr. Robinson in
or about the year 1856. They were recently generously pre-
sented to the Society by his widow.

The history of the preservation of a contemporaneous copy of
the original records is thus given :

" In one of the old mansions of rural Chelsea, which tradition
says was the home of Sir Thomas More, the warm friend of

VI INTRODUCTION.

Erasmus and author of the political romance of Utopia, there
dwelt, in 1624, Sir John Danvers, a prominent member of the
Virginia Company, who had married the gentle and comely
widow Herbert, already the mother of ten children, two of whom
were George, the holy poet, and Edward, the philosophic deist.
After the King resolved to annul the charter of the Company, an
attempt was made by their opponents to obtain the records. The
Secretary of the Company, Collingwood, probably under the
direction of Deputy Nicholas Ferrar, visited Sir John Danvers,
and mentioned that three London merchants had lately called
upon him to obtain information. A clerk of Collingwood was
immediately secured as copyist, and, to preclude discovery, was
locked up in a room of Danvers* house, while he transcribed the
minutes.

'* After the transactions were copied on folio paper, to prevent
interpolation, each page was carefully compared with the originals
by Collingwood and then subscribed * Con. Collingwood,* when
Danvers took them to the President of the Company, Henry
V\/^riothesley, Earl of Southampton. The Earl was highly grati-
fied in the possession of a duplicate copy of the Company's
transactions, and expressed it by throwing his arms around the
neck of Sir John, and then turning to his brother, said : ' Let
them be kept at my house at Tichfield ; they are the evidences
of my honor, and I value them more than the evidences of my
lands. *

" During the same year Southampton died, and Thomas, his
son, was heir and successor to the title; became Lord High
Treasurer of England, and lived until 1667. Shordy after the
death of the latter, William Byrd, of Virginia, the father* of the

a This was Colonel William Byrd, Auditor and Receiver-Generfil of
the colony, the first of the family, name and title in Virginia. In a MS.
letter-book of his, covering the period January, 1683,— August 3, 1691,
in the Collections of the Virginia Historical Society, there is a hiatus
in his correspondence between "fFeb'y ye 12th, 1686," and "April ye
i6th, 1688," dating letters, both addressed to *' Messrs. John Thomas
and Company, in Barbadoes." In that of the last date, he remarks, by
waj^of beginning: " Last yeare when I was goeing out of the country
I wrote to you." It may then be assumed that the year of acquisition
was 1687, when, also, Byrd was entrusted with and brought to the
colony, a broad-seal, appointed for the colony by James II, but which

INTRODUCTION. Vll

Honorable William Byrd, of * Westover,' purchased the manu-
script records from the Earl for sixty guineas.

Rev. William Stith, who subsequently became President of Wil-
liam and Mary College, while living at the glebe at Varina,^ on
James river, the old settlement of Sir Thomas Dale, better known,
since the civil war, as Dutch Gap, obtained these records from the
Byrd library at " Westover ** ; and most of the material of his
History of F/r^*«m, completed in 1746, was drawn therefrom.

it appears was never used. (See Note,/^j/ 154, and further as to the
seals of Virginia, it may be here noted, that John Esten Cooke, in an
article in the Magazine of American History, August, 1883, page 88,
gives an account of an alleged seal of the Virginia Company, repre-
senting "an Indian being helped up from a crouching posture by
Britannia, with the motto ' Resurges.' " Several years previous to the
publication by Cooke, a pencil di^awing of this design was sent to the
present editor by his friend Christopher J. Cleborne, M!. D., Medical In-
spector United States Navy, who had obtained it in New Orleans, La.,
It was probably a design submitted for the great or broad seal of the
colony, subsequent to the dissolution of the Company. The insignia
mentioned in the note above referred to, was also used in gilt decoration
on the backs of Bibles and Prayer-Books provided for the colonial
churches. The editor has seen a number of such examples. For a his-
tory of the State seal, see Report by Col. Sherwin McRae to Governor
Wm. E. Cameron, February 25, 1884, House Documents, No. XI). Soon
after the death of the third Colonel William Byrd, of Virginia (born 6th
September, 1728; died ist January, 1777), his library, the formation
of which was commenced by his grandfather, and which by con-
tinuous accessions included 3,625 volumes, in various departments of
science and belles-lettres — was sent by his widow, nie Mary Willing, of
Philadelphia, to that city and was there sold at auction. The editor
possesses a verbatim copy of the original catalogue, from which it ap
pears that many of the books could never have been taken beyond the
limits of Virginia. A portion of the library must have been sold in
Virginia, or many of the books had been loaned out, as ihey have fre-
quently appeared with the book plate of the second Col. Wm. Byrd, in
sales of books made at auction in Richmond, Virginia.

b So called because the lands in the section produced a tobacco
nearly resembling the Spanish Varinas Stith was rector of Henrico
parish, the glebe of which was at Varina from i8th July, 1736 to ist Oc-
tober, 1752. Varina was formerly the county seat of Henrico, and its
records were kept there until the invasion of the traitor, Arnold, in
October, 1781, when they were removed to Richmond. Varina was
the point at which Confederate and Federal prisoners were exchanged
during the late war between the States of our Union.

VIU INTRODUCTION.

Stith's brother-in-law, Peyton Randolph, became the first
President of the Continental Congress, and while visiting a friend
at his seat near Philadelphia, in October, 1775, suddenly died.
When his library was sold, it was purchased by Thomas Jeffer-
son,' and among the books were the manuscript records of the
Virginia Company, which had been used by Stith. The United
States having purchased the books of President Jefferson, these
manuscripts are now preserved in the Library of Congress.
They are bound in two volumes, folio, and contain the Company's
transactions from 28th April, 1619, until 7th June, 1624. The
first volume contains 354 pages, and concludes with this state-
ment :

**Memorand re, that wee. Edward Waterhouse and Edward
CoUingwood, secretaries of the Companies for Virginia and the
Sumer Islands, have examined and compared the booke going
before, conteyning one hundred seventy-seven leaues, from page
I to page 354, with the originall booke of courts itself. And
doe finde this booke to be a true and p'fect copie of the said
originall courte booke, sauing that there is wanting in the copie of
court of the 20th May, 1620, and the beginning of the qr. -court
held 22d ; but as farre as is here entered in, this copie doth truly
agree with the originall itself.

" And to every page, I, Edward CoUingwood, haue sett my
hand, and both of us do hereby testifie, as above, that it is a true
copie.

" Ed. Waterhouse, Secrt
" Ed. Collingwood, SecrL

"Jan. 28, 1623 [1624, N. S.] *'

The second volume contains 387 pages, and is concluded with
the following note :

c While these two volumes were yet in his possession, Mr. Jefferson,
in a letter to Colonel Hugh P. Taylor, dated 4th October, 1823, says
that the volumes came to him with the library of Colonel Richard
Bland, which Mr. Jefferson had purchased, Colonel Bland having bor-
rowed them from the '* Westover" Library and never returned them. —
Narrative and Critical History of America^ Volume III, page 158,
citing H. A. Washington's edition of Jefferson's Writings, Volume III,
page 312. The delinquent borrower was Colonel Richard Bland, of
"Jordan's," characterized as '* the Antiquary," because of his intimate
knowledge of the early history of Virginia and its muniments.

INTRODUCTION.

^^Memorand, — That wee, Edward Collingwood, Secretary of
the Company for Virginia, and Thomas Collett, of the Middle
Temple, gentleman, have perused, compared and examined this
present booke, beginninge att page i, att a Preparative Court
held for Virginia the 20th of May, 1622, and endinge at this
present page 387, att a Preparative Court held the 7th of Jun^,
1624. And wee doe finde that this coppie doth perfectlie agree
with the originall books of the Court to the Company, in all
things, saue, that in page 371, the grannt of 800 acres to Mr.
Maurice Berkley is not entered, and saue that in page 358 we
wanted the Lord^s letter to Mr. Deputy Ferrer, so that we could
not compare itt, and likewise sauing that in page 348, wee wanted
the Qouernor and CounselFs letter from Virginia, in w*ch re-
spects, I, Edward Collingwood have not sett my hand severally
to each confirmacOn, that they agree truly with the Originalls.
And in witness and confirmac5n that this booke is a true coppy of
the Virginia Courts, wee have hereunder joyntly sett our hands
the 19th day of June, 1624.

' * Thomas Collett,*

*' Edward Collingwood, Secr,'^

Judgment against the Virginia Company had been pronounced
only three days before the last note was written by that Lord
Chief-Justice Ley, called by John Milton the "old man eloquent,"
in a sonnet to the Judge's daughter — '* Honoured Margaret."

On the 15th of July, the King ordered all their papers to be
given to a commission, which afterwards met weekly, at the
house of Sir Thomas Smith.

The entries in the minutes were damaging to the reputation of
Smith and others of the commission, and it is presumed that no
great effort was made to preserve the originals. Repeated
searches have been made for them in England, but they have not
been discovered.®

A manuscript volume containing a duplicate set of the records
of the Virginia Company (transcripts made in Virginia some
one hundred and fifty years ago), with other curious his-
torical matter entered by their last eccentric individual owner,

d Thomas Collett was a nephew of John and Nicholas Ferrar.
e Preface to Neill's Virginia Company of London ^ pages i-v.

X INTRODUCTION.

were deposited with the late Conway Robinson, then, and
as chairman of the "Standing Committee" of the Virginia
Historical Society, by Judge William Leig^h, one of the execu-
tors of John Randolph, of Roanoke, in whose library they
were found after his death, in 1833, where they were inspected
by the late Hugh Blair Grigsby, LL.D., later the president
of the Virginia Historical Society, before the dispersion of
the library at a later period. This manuscript was examined
by Charles Deane, LL.D., in Richmond in April, 1872, just after
he had inspected the Byrd-Stith-Jefferson copy in Washing-
ton. It was then, with other papers, the properly of the Vir-
ginia Historical Society, in the custody of James Alfred Jones,
Esq., a prominent lawyer and a friend of Mr. Robinson, who
had entrusted them to Mr. Jones for safe-keeping. When Mr.
Robinson removed to Washington, he deposited it, with
other matter, his personal belongings, in a vault of one of
the banks of Richmond, and had promised to deliver it to
the editor, as the representative of the Society, when conve-
nient opportunity presented itself for separating the documents.
This opportunity, it is presumed, did not offer in Mr. Robinson's
subsequent somewhat brief visits to Richmond, and he died
without having delivered the manuscript. Singularly, inquiry at
the several banks of the city has failed to elicit information as to
the place of deposit, nor has the manuscript been found among
the books and papers of Mr. Robinson in Washington, although
diligent search has been made by his family in response to a
request made his son, Captain Leigh Robinson.

The desirability of the publication of the records of the Vir-
ginia Company was first publicly urged by the accomplished
scholar, the late John Wingate Thornton, in a paper in the His-
torical Magazine, February, 1858, page 33 (then edited by the
veteran antiquarian, John Ward Dean), and in a pamphlet. The
First Records of Anglo- American Colonization, Boston, 1859.

In May, 1868, Rev. Edward D. Neill. D. D., who had used these
records while working on his Terra Marice, memorialized Con-
gress, explaining their value, and offering without compensation,
to edit the MS., under the direction of the Librarian of Congress.
Being thwarted in his original purpose. Dr. Neill made the records
the basis of a History of the Virginia Company of London, 1869,
which, somewhat changed, appeared in an English edition as Eng-

INTRODUCTION. XI

lUh Colonization in America in the Seventeenth Century, Two
unavailing efforts have been made with Congress by the Virginia
Historical Society, since that of Dr. Neill, for the publication
of the records ; the first to be at the cost of the Government
and the latter, under the auspices and at the cost of the Society.

Besides the Proceedings of the Company,' there are also in
the Library of Congress a large folio manuscript volume con-
taining the Company and the colony, with other papers, from the
year 1621 to 1625, and a smaller folio, also in manuscript, but
prepared at a later period, containing copies of early papers.
Use of all of these volumes has been made by Rev. E. D. Neill,
D. D., in his History of the Virginia Company of London, and
his Virginia Vettcsta, During the Reign of James /, Albany, N.
Y., 1885. Dr. NeilPs Virginia Carolorum : The Colony under
the Rule of Charles the First and Second, A, D, i6?s — A, D,
i68Sy Albany, N. Y., 1887, also contains illustrative matter of
an earlier period.*

It may not be deemed inappropriate or unwelcome that the
present opportunity be made available to attempt a somewhat
comprehensive enumeration of the chief sources of the continued
history of Virginia.

The Narrative and Critical History of America (Justin Win-
sor, editor, Boston), Volume III, includes the following substan-
tial and succinct papers : Sir Walter Raleigh; The Settlements
at Roanoke and Voyages to Guiana, by William Wirt Henry
(Chapter IV, pages 105-126), and Virginia, i6o6-i68g, by R. A.
Brock, Chapter V, pages 127-168, each with a Critical Essay on
the Sources of Information, The latter Essay, which was essen-
tially enriched with the erudition of Mr. Winsor, will form the
basis of this presentation. The license, it is hoped, will be ex-
cused in the object desired.

* * There is abundant evidence, as instanced by Mr. Deane, in a
paper in the Boston Daily Advertiser, July 31, 1877, that the
name of Virginia commemorates Elizabeth, the virgin Queen of

/The Orders and Constitutions ordained by the Treasurer, Covnseil
and Companie of Virginia for the better gouerning of said Companie,
is reprinted in Force's Tracts, Volume III.

g Dr. Neill has published numerous notes on Early Virginia History
in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, and many
pamphlets touching on the subject.

Xll INTRODUCTION.

England. Mr. Deane's paper was in answer to a fanciful belief
expressed by Mr. C. W. Tuttle in Notes and Queries^ ^^11 ^ that
the Indian name Wingina, mentioned by Hakluyt, may have
suggested the appellation. The early patents are given in Pur-
chas (abstract of the first), Volume IV, pages 1683-84 ; Stith ;
Henin^s •S'/fl/w/^j, Volume I ; Hazard's Historical Collections,
Volume I, pages 50, 58, 72 ; Papham Memorial (the first),
Appendix A, and Poor's Gorges Appendix. There is a paper
by Littleton Waller Tazewell on the " Limits of Virginia under
the Charters "in Maxwell's Virginia Historical Register, Volume
I, page 12. These bounds were relied on for Virginia's claims at
a later day to the Northwest Territory. See also H. B. Adams'
" Maryland's Influence in Founding a National Commonwealth,"
in Maryland Historical Publication Fund, No. 11; also Lucas's
Charters of the Old English Colonies, London, 1850. Ridpath's
United States, page 86, gives a convenient map of the grants by
the English crown, from 1606 to 1732. Mr. Deane has discussed
the matter of forms used in issuing letters-patent in Massachusetts
Historical Society Proceedings, Volume XI, page 166.

The earliest printed account of the settlement at Jamestown,
covering the interval April 26, 1607— June 2, 1608, is entitled :
A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of noate as
hath Happened in Virginia since the first planting of that Cot-
tony, which is now resident in the South part thereof till the last
returne from thence. Written by Captaine Smith, Coronell of
the said Collony, to a worshipfull friend of his in England,
Small quarto, black letter, London, 1608.^

h The editor of the tract, ** J. H.,*' m his preface, says : " Some of the
books were printed under the name of Thomas Watson, by whose occa-
sion I know not, unlesse it were the ouerrashnesse or mistakinge of the
workmen." The words, ** by a gentleman," got, also, through ignorance
of the real authorship, into the titles of some copies as author, there
being four varieties of titles. It is sometimes quoted by Purchas (for
instance) by the running head- line, Newes from Virginia Mr. Deane
edited an edition of it at Boston in 1866. An earlier very inaccurate
reprint was made in the Southern Literary Messenger, February, 1845,
from the New York Historical Society's copy. Mr. Deane suggests that
the reason Smith omitted this tract in his Generall Historic, substituting
for it the Map of Virginia, is to be found in the greater ease with which
the narratives of others, in the latter tracts, would take on the story of
Pocahontas, which his own words in the True Relation might forbid.

INTRODUCTION. XUl

The second contemporary account appears in Purchas His
Pilgrims, Vol. IV, pp. 1 685-1690, published in 1625, and is enti-
tled, " Obseruations gathered out of a Discourse of the Planta-
tions of the Southerne Colonie in Virginia by the English, 1606,
written by that Honorable Gentleman, Master George Percy. *'^

The narrative gives in minute detail the incidents of the first
voyage and of the movements of the colonists after their arrival
at Cape Henry until their landing, on the 14th of May, at James-
town. It is to be regretted that a meagre abridgment only of
so valuable a narrative should have been preserved by Purchas,
who assigns, as a reason for the omissions he made in it, that the
**rest is more fully set down in Cap. Smith's Relations.** The
third account of the period, "Newport's Discoveries in Virginia,"
was published, for the first time, in i860, in Arch{Bolog;ia Ameri-
cana^ Vol. IV, pp. 40-65. It consists of three papers, the most
extended of which is entitled, " A Relatyon of the Discovery of
our river, from James Forte into the Maine ; made by Captain
Christopher Newport, and sincerely written and observed by a
Gentleman of the Colony." This "Relatyon** is principally
confined to an account of the voyage from Jamestown up the
river to the ''Falls,** at which Richmond is now situated, and
back again to Jamestown, beginning May 21 and ending June 21,
the day before Newport sailed for England. The second paper,
of four pages, is entitled, " The Description of the new-discovered
river and country of Virginia, with the likelyhood of ensuing
riches by England's ayd and industry.** The remaining paper,
of only a little more than two pages, is " A brief description of
the People.** These papers were printed from copies made
under the direction of the Hon. George Bancroft, LL.D., from

i A portrait of " Captaine George Percy," copied In 1853, by Herbert
L. Smith, from the original at Lyon House, the seat of the Buke of
Northumberland, at the instance of Conway Robinson, Esq., then visit-
ing England, is among the valuable collection of portraits of the Vir-
ginia Historical Society at Richmond. Its frame, of carved British oak,
was a present to the Society from William Twopenny, Esq., of London,
the solicitor of the Duke of Northumberland. Percy (born September
4, 1586, died unmarried in March, 1632,) was "a gentleman of honor
and resolution.'* He had served with distinction in the wars of the
Low Countries, and his soldierly qualities were evinced in the colony
as well as his administrative ability as the successor of John Smith.

XIV INTRODUCTION.

the originals in the English State Paper Office, and were edited
by the Rev. Edward Everett Hale.^

The next account to be noted, ** A Discourse of Virginia," by
Edward Maria Wingfield, the first president of the colony, was
also printed, for the first time, in Archaologia Americana, Vol.
IV, pp. 67-163, from a copy of the original manuscript in the
Lambeth Library, edited by Charles Deane, LL.D., who also
printed it separately. The narrative begins with the sailing of
Newport for England, June 22, 1607, and ends May 21, 1608, on
the author^s arrival in England. The final six pages are devoted
by Wingfield to a defence of himself from charges of unfaithful-
ness in duty, on which he had been deposed from the presidency
and excluded from the council. The narrative was cited, for the
first time, by Purchas in the margin of the second edition of his
Pilgrimage, 16 14. pp. 757-768. He also refers to what is proba-
bly another writing, ** M. Wingfield' s Notes,'' in the margin of
page 1706, of Vol. IV, of Pilgrims, Dr. Deane reasonably con-
jectures that the narrative of Wingfield, as originally written, was
more comprehensive, and that a portion of it has been lost.^
Chapter I of Neill's English Colonization in America is devoted
to Wingfield.

Another narrative of the period :

A Relation of Virginia, written by Henry Spelman, ** the third
son of the Antiquary," and who came to the colony in 1609,
was privately printed in 1872 at London for James Frothingham

j The author of the " Relatyon," etc., was identified by the late Hon.
William Green, LL.D., of Richmond, Virginia, as Captain Gabriel
Archer. Newport's connection with the colony is particularly sketched
in Neill's Virginia and Virginiaola, 1878. Neill describes the MS.,
which is in the Record Office, as " a fair and accurate description of the
first Virginia explorations." Mr. Hale later made some additions to his
original notes {American Antiquify Society Proceedings, October 21,
1864). where some supplemental notes, by Mr. Deane, will also be found
as to the origin of the name Newport News as connected with Captain
Newport. See also Hugh Blair Grigsby, LL.D., in Massachusetts His-
torical Proceedings, Vol. X, page 23 ; and Historical Magazine, \o\. III,
page 347.

fc Preface to Deane 's True Jactation, page xxxiii. Wingfield 's Dis-
course was first brought to the attention of students in 1845 by the cita-
tions from the original MS. at Lambeth, made by Anderson in his
History of the Church of England in the Colonies,

INTRODUCTION. XV

Hunnewell, Esq., of Charlestown, Mass., from the original manu-
script.*

Spelman, who was a boy when he first came to Virginia, lived
for some time with the Indians, became afterwards an interpreter
for the colony, and was killed by the savages in 1622 or 1623.

In 1609 there were four tracts printed in London, illustrative
of the progress of the new colony :

1. Saules Prohibition staidy a reproof to those that traduce
Virginia,

2. William Symondes' Sermon before the London Company,
April 25, 1609."

3. Nova Britannia: Offeringe most excellent Fruites by
planting in Virginia J"

4. A Good Speed to Virginia, The dedicator is R. G. , who,
** neither in person nor purse," is able to be a ** partaker in the
business. ''°

In 1 6 10 appeared the following :

1. W. Crashaw's Sl^rmon before Lord Delaware on his leav-
ing for Virginia, February 21, 1609.

2. A true and sincere declaration of the purpose and ends of
the plantation begun in Virginia,^

3. A true declaration of the estate of the colonic in Virginia,"^

4. The mishaps of the first voyage and the wreck at Bermuda
were celebrated in a little poem by R. Rich, one of the Com-

/The MS. was bought at Dawson Turner's sale in 1859 by Lilly, the
bookseller, who announced that he would print an edition of fifty copies
(Deane's ed. True Relation^ p. xxxv; Historical Magazine y^vXy^ 1861,
p. 224; Aspinwall Papers^ Vol. I, p. 21, note). It was only partly put in
type, and the MS. remained in the printer's hands ten years, when Mr-
Henry Stevens bought it for Mr. Hunnewell, who caused a small edition
(two hundred copies) to be printed privately at the Chiswick Press.

m Brinlev Catalogue, No. 3,800.

n This was reprinted in Force's Tracts^ Vol. I, and by Sabin, edited
by F. L. Hawks, D. D , New York, 1867.

^ Sabin, Vol. VII, p 323; Rich (1832)^ £\ 8s. ; Ouvry sale, 1882, No.
I, 582, a copy with the autograph " W. Raleigh, Turn, London." Re-
printed by Neill in his Virginia Vetusta,

/There is a copy in Harvard College Library (Rich, 1832, No. 121,
£\ 8s.) It was an official document of the Company.

q Another official publication. A copy is in Harvard College Library
(Rich, 1832, No. 122, £2 2s.) It is reprinted in Force's Tracts^ Vol. III.

XVI INTRODUCTION.

pany, called Newes from Virginia — The Lost Flocke Triumph'
aniy etc J

William Strachey was not an actual observer of events in the
colony earlier than May 23, 1610, when he first reached James-
town. The incidents of his letter, July 15, 1610, giving an ac-
count of the wreck at Bermuda and subsequent events (Purchas,
Vol. IV, p. 1734), must, so far as antecedent Virginia events go,
have been derived from others.'

In 161 2 Strachey edited a collection of Lawes Divine of the
colony.*

There are two MS. copies of his Historie of Travaile into
Virginia Britannia; expressing the Cosmographic and Comodi-
ties of the Country^ together with the Manners and Cusiomes of
the People — one preserved in the British Museum among the
Sloane collection, and the other is among the Ashmolean MSS. at
Oxford. They vary in no important respect. The former was
the copy used by R. H. Major in editing it for the Hakluyt So-
ciety in 1849. His copy was dedicated to Sir Thomas Bacon.

In 161 1 Lord Delaware's little Relation appeared in London."

r But one copy is now known to exist, which is at present in the Huth
collection {Catalogue^ Vol. IV, 1247), having formerly belonged to Lord
Charlemont's Library at Dublin, where Halliwell found it in 1864, bound
up with other tracts. The volume escaped the fire in London which
destroyed the greater part of the Charlemont collection in 1865, and at
the sale that year brought ;f 63. In the same year Halliwell privately
reprinted it (ten copies). Winsor's Halliwelliana, p. 25 ; Alibone's Die-
iionary of Authors, Vol. II, p. 1788. In 1874 it was again privately re-
printed (twenty-five copies) in London. It once more re-appeared, in
1878, in NeilPs Virginia and Virginiola, and again, in 1885, in his Vir-
ginia Vetusta. Consult further Lefroy*s History of Bermuda,

J Tyler's American Literature, Vol. I, p. 42. Malone wrote a book
to prove that this description by Strachey suggested to Shakespeare the
plot of the Tempest—^ view controverted in a tract on the Tempest by
Joseph Hunter.

. /Reprinted in Force's Tracts, Vol. Ill, No. 2. The dedication is
given in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1866,
p. 36.

» There is a copy in the Lenox Library ; it was reprinted (fifty copies)
in 1859, and again by Mr. Griswold (twenty copies) in 1868. A letter of
Lord Delaware, July 7, 1610, from the Harleian MSS., is printed in the
Hakluyt Society's Edition of Strachey. p. xxiii.

INTRODUCTION. XVll

In i6i2 the Virginia Company, to thwart the evil intentions of
the enemies of the colony, printed by authority a second part of
Nova Britannia, called The New Life in Virginia, Its author-
ship is assigned to Robert Johnson/

In 1612, the little quarto volume, commonly referred to as the
Oxford Tract, was printed, with the following title : A Map of
Virginia, With a Description of the Country, the Commodities,
People, Government and Religion, Written by Captaine Smith,
Sometimes Governour of the Countrey, Whereunto is annexed
the Proceedings of those Colonies since their first departure from
England, with the discoveries. Orations, and relations of the
Salvages, and the accidents that befell them in all their loumies
and discoveries. Taken faithfully as they were written out of the
writings of Doctor Russell, Tho, Stvdley, Anas Todkill, leffra
Abot, Richard Wiffin, Will, Phettiplace, Nathaniel Powell,
Richard Potts, And the relations of divers other intelligent ob-
servers there present then, and now many of them, in England, by
W. S, At Oxford, Printed by foseph Barnes, 161 2,

As the title indicates, the tract consists of two parts. The first,
written, as Smith says in the Generall Historic, " with his owne
hand,** is a topographical description of the country, embracing
climate, soil and productions, with a full account of the native
inhabitants, and has only occasional reference to the proceedings
of the colony at Jamestown. The second part of the Oxford
Tract has a separate title-page as follows : ** The Proceedings of
the English Colonic in Virginia since their first beginning from
England, in the year 1606 till this present, 161 2, with all their
accidents that befell them in their iournies and Discoveries. Also
the Salvages, discourses, orations, and relations of the Bordering
Neighbours, and how they became subject to the English. Vn-
folding even the fundamentall causes from whence haue sprang
so many miseries to the vndertakers and scandals to the businesse ;
taken faithfully as they were written out of the writings of
Thomas Studley, the first provart maister, Anas Todkill, Walter

V There is a copy in Harvard College Library. A very fine copy in
the Stevens sale {1811, Catalogue, No. 1612) was afterwards held by
Quaritch at £2^. Ffty years ago Rich {Catalogue, 1832, No. 131), priced
a copy at £2 2S. (See Sabin, Vol. XIII, p. 249.) It was reprinted in
Force's Tracts, Vol. I, No. 7, and 2 Massachusetts Historical Collec-
tions, Vol. VIII.
B

XVlll INTRODUCTION.

Russell, Doctor of Phisicke, Nathaniel Powell, William Phetti-
feice, Richard Wyffin, Thomas Abbay, Tho. Hops, Rich. Potts,
and the labours of divers other diligent observers that were resi-
dents in Virginia. And pervsed and confirmed by divers now
resident in England that were actors in this business. By W. S.
At Oxford. Printed by Joseph Barnes. 1612.** '^

Alexander Whitaker's Good Newesfrom Virginia was printed
in 161 3. He was minister of Henrico Parish, and had been in the
country two years. The preface is by W. Crashawe, the divine.*
Ralph Hamor, the younger, "late secretary of that colony,"
printed in London, in 161 5, his True Discourse of the Present
State of Virginia, bringing the story down to June 18, 1614.
It contains an account of the christening of Pocahontas and her
marriage to John Rolfe. It was reprinted in 1860/ at Albany
(200 copies) for Charles Gorham Barney, of Richmond, from an
original copy formerly in the library of the Virginia Historical
Society. Rolfe*s Relation of Virginia, a MS. now in the British
Museum, was abbreviated in the edition of 16 17 of Purchae's

w A further account of this tract is given in Narrative and Critical
History of America, Vol. Ill, page 167, " Editorial Notes *' on " Maps of
Virginia or the Chesapeake," which should be duly consulted. Of
Smith's Generall Historic another discriminate note is given by Mr.
Winsor in the same volume, pages 211-212. Of the "Works of Cap-
tain John Smith, 1608-1631," with illustrative documents, edited by
Edward Arber, ''English Scholars' Library'* No. 16, Birmingham,
1884, notice will be taken on a subsequent page.

;ir Consult Tyler, American Literature, Vol. i, page 46; Neill, Vir-
ginia Company, page 78; Rich. (1832) No. 135. It is priced at £2, 2s.
Mr. Neill has told the story of Whitaker and others in his Notes on the
Virginia Colonial Clergy, Philadelphia, 1877. Whitaker was drowned
in James river in 1616.

y The original edition is in the Lenox Library and the Deane collec-
tion ; and copies at public sale in America have brought I150 and $170
(Field, Indian Bibliography, Nos 642-3, where he cites it as one of the
earliest accounts of the Indians of Virginia, Sabin, Vol, VIII, page 46 )
A German translation was published at Hanau as Part XIII of the
Hulsius Voyages, in 1617 (containing more than was afterwards included
in De Bry's Latin), and there were two issues of it the same year, with
slight variations. The map is copied from Smith's New England, not
from his Virginia, Carter- Brown Catalogue, Vol. I, page 491. Lenox
Contributions (Hulsius), page 15. In 1619, De Bry gave it in Latin as
Part X of his Great Voyages, having given it in German the year before..
Carter-Brown Catalogue, Vol. I, pages 348, 368.

INTRODUCTION. XIX

Pilgrimage, and was printed at length in the Southern Literary
Messenger, 1839, and in the Virginia Historical Register ^ Vol.
I, page 102. (See also Neill's Virginia Company ^ Chapter VI,
and his Virginia Vetusta, Chapter XV.)

There are various other early-printed tracts brides those
already mentioned, reprinted by Force, which are necessary to a
careful study of Virginia history.*

There are in the Early Virginian Bibliography a few titles on
the efforts made to induce the cultivation of silk-worms. The
King addressed a letter to the Earl of Southampton, with a re-
view of Bonoeirs treatise on the making of silk, and this was

z Some of them follow in chronological order :

Norwood's Voyage to Virginia, 1649; Force's Tracts, Vol. Ill; Vir-
ginia Historical Register, Vol. II, p. 121.

Perfect Description of Virginia, 1649; Force's Tracts, Vol. II; Vir-
ginia Historical Register^ Vol. II, p. 60; original edition in Harvard
College Library ; priced by Rich in 1832, £\ los. ; by Quaritch in 1879^
£20,

William Bullock's Virginia Impartially Examined, London, 1649;
Force's Tracts, Vol. III. The original is now scarce. Rich in 1832
{Catalogue, No. 271) quotes it at £\ los. (it is now worth J575). Sabin^
Vol. Ill, 9145 ; Ternaux, 685 ; Brinley, 3725.

Extract from a Manuscript Collection of Annals Relative to Virginia f
Force's Tracts, Vol. II.

A Short Collection of the most Remarkable Passages from the Originall
to the Dissolution of the Virginia Company, London, 1651; there
are copies in the Library of Congress and in that of Harvard Col-
lege.

The Articles of Surrender to the Commonwealth, March 12th, 165 1 ;
Mercurius Politicus, May 20-27, 1652 ; Virginia Historical Register,
Vol. II, p. 182.

Virginians Cure ; or. An Advisive Narrative Concerning Virginia;
Discovering the True Ground of that Church's Unhappiness, by R.
G., 1662. Force's Tracts,^o\. III. The original is in Harvard Col-
lege Library.

Sir William Berkeley's Discourse and View of Virginia, 1663 ; Sabin's
Dictionary, Vol. II, 4889

Nathaniel Shrigley's True Relation of Virginia and Maryland, 1669,
Force's Tracts, Vol. V.

John Lederer's Discoveries in Three Marches from Virginia, 1669,
1670, London, 1672. with a map of the country traversed. It was
" collected out of the Latin by Sir William Talbot, Baronet." There
is a copy in Harvard College Library. Griswold Catalogue, 422 ;
Huth Catalogue, Vol. Ill, 829.

XX INTRODUCTION.

published by the Company in 1622. (^Harvard College Library
MS, Catalogue ; Brinley Catalogue y No. 3760.) The Company
also published, in 1629, Observations * * * of Fit Rooms to
Keepe Silk- Wormes in; and as late as 1655, Hartlib's Reformed
Virginia Silk- Worm, indicated continued interest in the subject.
This last is reprinted in Force's Tracts, Vol. Ill, No. 13, and
the originals of this and the preceding are in Harvard College
Library. Sabin's Dictionary, Vol. VIII, page 321. See also
Dossers Agriculture, London, 1759.

Of considerable importance among the papers transmitted to
our time is the collection which had in large part belonged to
Chalmers, and been used by him in his Political Annals ; when,
passing to Colonel William Aspinwall, they were by him printed
in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, 4th Series, Vols. IX
and X, with numerous notes, particularly concerning the earlier
ones, beginning in 161 7, in which the careers of Gates, Pory**
and Argall are followed. Dr. Deane, True Relation, page 14,
quotes as in Mr. Bancroft's hands a copy from a paper in the
English State-Paper Office, entided "A Breife Declaration of the
Plantation of Virginia during the first twelve years when Sir
Thomas Smyth was Governor of the Companie [1606-1619],
and 4owne to the present tyme [1624], by the Ancient Planters
now remaining alive in Virginia." Mr. W. Noel Sainsbury, in his
Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, i860, etc., has opened
new stores of early Virginian, as well as of Anglo-American his-
tory, between 1574 and 1660. The work of the Public Record
Office has been well supplemented by the Reports of the Histori-
cal Commission, which has examined the stores of historical
documents contained in private depositaries in Great Britain.
Their third Report of 1872 and the appendix of their eighth
Report are particularly rich in Virginian early history, covering
documents belonging to the Duke of Manchester. The Index
to the Catalogue of MS5. in the British Museum discloses others.
In i860 the State of Virginia sent Colonel Angus W. McDonald
to London to search for papers and maps elucidating the ques-
tion of the Virginia bounds with Maryland, Tennessee and North

aajohn Pory's lively account of excursions among the Indians is
given in Smith's Generall Historic. Neill, New England Historical
and Genealogical Register, 1875, P- 296, thinks that George Ruggles was
the author of several of the early tracts in Force's Tracts, See Neiirs
Virginia Company, p. 362.

INTRPDUCTION. XXI

Carolina, which resulted in the accumulation of much document-
ary material, and a report to the Governor in March, 1861 — Doc-
ument 39 (1861) — which was printed. See Historical Magazine,
Vol. IX, page 13. Matters of historical interest will be found in
other of the documents of this boundary contest : Document 40,
January 9, i860 ; Senate Document, Report of Commissioners,
January 17, 1872, with eleven maps, including Smith's; Final
Report, 1874 ; Senate Document No. 21, being reprints in 1874
of Reports of January 9, i860, and March 9, 1861 ; House Docu-
ment No. 6, communication of the Governor, Januuary 9, 1877.
There were also publications by the State of Maryland relating
to the contest.*^

In 1874 there was published, as a State Senate Document, Colo-
nial Records of Virgiriia, 4to, which contains the proceedings of
the first Assembly, convened in 16 19 at Jamestown,"'' with other
early papers, and an Introduction and Notes by the late Thomas
H. Wynne. ^* Attention was first called in America to these pro-
ceedings by the late Conway Robinsop, Esq. (who had inspected
the original manuscript in the State-Paper Office, London), in a
Report made as chairman of the Executive Committee of the
Virginia Historical Society, at a meeting of the Society held at
Richmond, December 15, 1853, and published in the Virginia
historical Reporter , Vol. I, page 7. They were first published
in the Collections of the New York Historical Society, 1857, with
an Introduction by George Bancroft.**

ddThe history of the dividing line (1728) between Virginia and North
Carolina is found in William Byrd's Westover MSS, printed in Peters-
burg in 1841, and reprinted with other papers from the original MSB.,
by Thomas H. Wynne, in two volumes, small 4tOi in 1869. Albany :
J. Munsell & Sons. It shows how successive royal patents diminished
the patent rights of Virginia. See Virginia Historical Register, Vols.
I and IV, 77 ; Williamson's North Carolina Appendix.

cc A copy of this portion of the Records, collated with the original
by Mr. Sainsbury, is in the library of the present editor. The other
papers in the volume of 1874 included a list of the living and dead in
1623 ; a Brief Declaration of the Plantation during the first twelve years
(already mentioned); the Census of 1634, etc.

ddK sketch of his life, by R. A. Brock, was published in the Evening
NewSy Richmond, March 20, 1875.

ee The Report of the Speaker of this Assembly to the Company in
England was also printed in the New York Historical Collections in
1857. See also on these proceedings the Antiquary, London, July, 1881.

XXU INTRODUCTION.

Abstracts from the English State-Paper Office have been fur-
nished the State Library of Virginia by W. NoSl Sainsbury to
December 30, 1730. There are various papers on th^ personnel
of the colony in the list of passengers for Virginia in 1655,
which Mr. H. G. Somerby printed in the New England Histori-
cal and Genealogical Register, Vol. II, pp. iii, 211, 268 ; Vol.
Ill, pp. 184, 388; Vol. IV, pp. 61, 189, 261; Vol. V, pp. 61,
343, and Vol. XV, p. 142 ; and in the collection of such docu-
ments, mostly before published, which are conveniently grouped
in Hotten's Original Lists (1600, 1700), London, 1874 and
1881 ; and in S. G. Drake's Researches Among the British Ar-
chives ^ i860. The Genealogical Gleanings in England^ by
Henry F. Waters, with occasional annotations by R. A. Brock,
the publication of which was commenced in the Register in
1883, 21"^ is continued, contain much information relating to
Virgmia families. The Gleanings was reprinted, Vol. I, part I,
in 1885, ^"d the several issues to No. 20 have been reprinted
since.

The Virginia Company published three lists of the venturers
and emigrants in 1619, and in 1620 a similar enumeration in a
Declaratio7i of the State of the Colofiie.^ This was dated June
24th ; another brief Declaration bears date September 20, 1620.
A list of ships arriving in Jamestown, 1607-1624, is given by
Neill in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register,
1876, page 415.

Neill has published various studies of the census of 1624 in
the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for 1877,
pp. 147, 265, 393. ««

j5^There is a printed copy in Harvard College Library ; Rich (1832),
No. I33,\jf2, 2s. ; Brinley, Nos. 3739-40. It was reprinted in Force's
Tracts, Vol. Ill, No. 5. Dr. Deane, True Relation, p. xli. examines
the conflicting accounts as to the number of persons constituting the
first emigration.

^jf The vexed question as to how far the convict class made part of
the early comers to Virginia is discussed in Jones's edition Hakluyt's
Divers Voyages, p. 10; Index to Remembrancia, 1519-1664, with cita-
tions in Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, Vol. XVII, p-
297; Aspinwall Papers, Vol. I, p. i, note; E. D. Neill, English Coloni-
zation in North America, p. 271, and his "Virginia as a Penal Colony,'*
in Historical Magazine^ May, 1869. It is also noticed by R. A. Brock
in his Chapter, "Virginia, 1606-1689," before cited. His conclusion
is: Undue stress has been laid by many writers upon the transportation

INTRODUCTION. XXlll

A comprehensive account of the early Walloon emigration to
Virginia is given in Lis Colonies Anglais de 1574. a 1660 cT apres
Les State Papers et Episode de V emigration Beige en Virginie,
par J, Felsenhart^ Docteur en Philosophie et Lettres, Gand, 1867.
The History of the Huguenot Emi^ation to America, by Charles
W. Baird, D. D., two volumies, New York, 1885, is also an impor-
tant work of reference.

The most trustworthy source of information as to those who
became planters and founders of families, is afforded by the Vir-
ginia records of land patents, which are continuous from 1620,
and are no less valuable for topographical than for genealogical
reference.""

of "convicts" to the colony. Such formed but a small proportion of
the population, and it is believed that the offence of a majority of them
was of a political nature. Be it as it may, all dangerous or debasing
effects of their presence was effectually guarded against by rigorous
enactments. The vile among them met the fate of the vicious, while
the simply unfortunate, who were industrious, throve and became good
citizens. It is clearly indicated that the aristocratic element of the
colony preponderated. The under stratum of society, formed by the
" survival of the fittest " of the ** indentured servant " and the ** convict "
classes, as they improved in worldly circumstances, rose to the surface
and took their places socially and politically among the more favored
class. The Virginia planter was essentially a transplanted Englishman
in tastes and convictions, and emulated the social amenities and the
culture of the mother country. This is shown by. the preservation of
books to this day in the several departments of literature which are
identified — by ownership in inscribed name and date — with the homes
of the Virginia planter of the seventeenth century, many of which have
fallen under the personal inspection of the present writer, who has a
number of examples in his own library. A little later private libraries
were numerous in Virginia, and in value, extent, and variety of subject
embraced, the exhibit will contrast favorably with that of any of the
English colonies in America. Armorial book-plates were more numer-
ously in use from examples than in any of the remaining colonies. '* It
would be wholly wrong, however, to suppose that immigrants of this
sort were a controlling element," says Lodge in his English Colonies,
66, and this is now the general opinion.

hh The New Series of the Collections of the Virginia Historical So-
ciety, six volumes, 1882-1887, particularly Vol. V. ; Huguenot Emigra-
tion to Virginia, 1886; Bishop Meade's Otd Churches and Families of
Virginia, two volumes, 8vo., 1855; Slaughter's History of Bristol
Parish, Dinwiddie county (ist ed., 1846, 2d, 1879)/ History of St.
George's Parish, Spotsylvania county, 1847, and St. Mark's Parish,
Culpeper county, 1877; Brock's Vestry Book Henrico Parish, 1874;

XXIV INTRODUCTION.

The manuscript materials of the history of Virginia have ever
been subject to casualty in the various dangerous and destructive
forms of removal, fire and war. The first capital, Jamestown,
was several times the scene of violence and conflagration. The
colonial archives were exposed to accident when the seat of gov-
ernment was removed to Williamsburg; and finally when, in
1779, the latter was abandoned for the growing town of Rich-
mond, they were again disturbed and removed hastily to the
last-named place. It is probable that at the destruction by fire
of the buildings of William and Mary College, in 1705, many
valuable manuscripts were lost which had been left in them
when the royal Governors ceased to hold sessions of the Council
within her walls, and when other government functionaries no
longer performed their duties there. Many doubtless suffered
the consequences of Arnold's invasion in 1781, upon whose ap-
proach the contents of the public offices at Richmond were
hastily tumbled into wagons and hurried off to distant counties.
The crowning and fell period of universal destruction to archives
and private papers was, however, that of our late unhappy war
between the States, when seats of justice, sanctuaries and private
dwellings alike were subjected to fire and pillage. The most
serious loss sustained was at the burning of the State Court -
House at Richmond, incidental on the evacuation fire of April
3, 1865, when were consumed almost the entire records of the
old General Court from the year 16 19, or thereabouts, together
with those of many of the county courts (which had been
brought thither to guard against the accidents of the war), and a
greater part of the records of the State Court of Appeals. Of
the records of the General Court, a fragment of a volume cover-
ing the period April 4, 1670, to March 16, 1676, is in the Collec-
tions of the Virginia Historical Society, and another fragment —
February 21, 1678, to October, 1692— is in the archives of Henrico
County Court at Richmond. In the State Library are preserved
the Journals of the General Assembly from 1691 to 1744, with
occasional interruptions;" of the Council, 1705, 1721-34, 1776-9,

G. D. Scull's The Evelyns in America^ 1608-180^, Kent Island^ Oxford,
Eng., 1881 ; The Goode Genealogy ^ S. Brown Goode, and the files of
the Richmond Standard, 1878-1882, G. Watson James and R. A. Brock,
editors, may be referred to for purposes of genealogical investigations.
« There are also printed Journals of the House of Burgesses 1752-8,
1761-5, and of the Assembly from 1776, inclusive. Others of these

INTRODUCTION. XXV

1782-3; of the Committee of Safety, June 5, July 5, 1776, and
the Journal of the Commissioners of the Virginia Navy, 1776-
1779 ;^ the correspondence of the Committee of Safety ; the
documents of the House of Delegates from 1774, including
Executive communications (inclosing correspondence), petitions,
rough bills and resolutions ; and masses of inedited Executive
correspondence and other documents."

There is a transcript from the original in the State Depart-
ment, Albany, New York, Vol. VI of Records, generously made
by B. Fernow» Esq., of "Papers concerning a difference be-
tween Gov. Francis Nicholson and some of the Council, also
concerning William and Mary College, 1691-1705," and a MS.
History of Virginia to 1783, by Edmund Randolph, in the Col-
lections of the Virginia Historical Society."

Of the records of the several counties, the great majority of
those of an early period, it is certain have been destroyed. In-
formation as to the preservation of the following has been re-
ceived by the present writer : York (originally Charles River),
from 1633 J Northampton (old Accomac), continuous from 1634;
Surry, a volume commencing in 1652 ; Rappahannock, from

Journals in the possession of Mrs. Cynthia B, T. Coleman, grand-
daughter of St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Va., should be secured
for the State Library.

jy'Dr. William P. Palmer published in the Southern Literary Mes-
senger ^ Vol. XXIV, The Virginia Navy in the Revolution, See also the
Virginia Historical Register^ Vol. I, pp. 76, 127, 185 ; Vol. II, pp. 146,
211 ; Vol. Ill, p. 178 ; Vol. VI, p. 162, and a serial in the Richmond
Daily Times^ January-April, 1888.

kk The offices of the Land Registry, the Treasurer and the Auditors
also contain valuable files. In the former are the rosters of Virginia
forces who served in the wars of the Revolution, and of 1812.

//Justin Winsor, in Cnapter IV, Narrative and Critical History of
America^ quotes in note, from the Canadian Antiquarian^ Vol IV, page
76, " An old MS concerning the government of the English plantations
in America, supposed to have been written by a Virginian in 1699 —
Mr. [fames] Blaire, or B. Harrison." See also on Blair, E. D. Neill,
Virginia Colonial Clergy, page 403. In April, 1707, Benj. Harrison
petitioned the Council of Virginia for permission to make extracts
from the records, and had made collections with a view of writing a
history of Virginia, but most of them have been destroyed by the fire
that burnt William and Mary College.**

XXVI INTRODUCTION.

1656 ; Essex, from 1692 ; Charles City, a single volume from
January 4, 1650, to February 3, 1655, inclusive ; Henrico, a deed-
book, 1697-1704, and with interruptions, records and order-
books, to 1774 — all classes of records unbroken from October,
1787, and also a large mass of unrecorded documents; Hanover,
two folio deed-books, 1732-34.""

In elucidation of the social life and commerce of the period —
the three decades of the seventeenth century — the following may
be referred to : Letters of Colonel William Fitzhugh, of Suffolk
county, a lawyer and planter. May 15, 1679- April 29, 1699 ;
Letters of Colonel William Byrd, of the "Falls,*' James River,
planter, and Auditor and Receiver-General of the Colony, Jan-
uary, 1683-August 3, 1691 — in the Collections of the Virginia
Historical Society, in which are also many other MSS. and loose
papers generally illustrative of the history of Virginia, among
them: The Minutes of the Phi- Beta Kappa Society^ secretly or-
ganized by the students of William and Mary College, December
5, 1775, the membership of which included many prominent
patriots of the Revolution ; The Minutes of the Virginia Branch
of the Order of Cincinnati^ organized by surviving veterans of
the Revolution to perpetuate its memories ; Papers of the Lud-
well and Lee /^<«»«//zVj— 1638- 1870— Philip Ludwell, Secretary
of the Colony — General Robert E. Lee, with intermediate link
of historic lineage ; Papers of the Adams, Cocke and Massie
Families — 1 670-1 830, including documents relating to Vine-
Planting, by Phillip Mazzie, and to the American Revolution ;
Orderly Books of the Revolution.

The following parish records are valuable sources of early
genealogic information : Registers of Charles River Parish, York
county — births, 1648-1800, deaths, 1665-1787 ;'''' Vestry Books
(some with partial registers) of Christ Church Parish. Middlesex
county, 1663-1767 ; Petsoe Parish, Gloucester county, from June
14, 1677 ; Kingston Parish, Mathews county, 1750-1796 ; St.
Peters' Parish, New Kent county, 1686-1784 ; Frederick Parish,
Frederick county, 1764-1818; Fredericks ville Parish, Louisa

mm Abstracts of the Records of Henrico county, and of York county,
1633-1700, made by W. G. Stanard, are in the State Library.

nn A transcript is in the possession of the family of the late Conway
Robinson, Washington, D. C,

INTRODUCTION. XXVU

county, 1742-1787 ; Hanover Parish, King George county,
1779-1796; Cumberland Parish, Lunenburg county, 1747-1791 ;
Blissland Parish, 1722-1786 ; Upper Nansemond Parish, Nanse-
mond county, 1 744-1 793 ; Antrim Parish, Halifax county, 1752-
1770; St. Mark's Parish, Culpeper county, 1730-1785; Dettingen
Parish, Prince William county, 1 747-1 802 ; Christ Church, Lan-
caster county, 1739-1797 ; Shelburn Parish, Loudoun county, 1771-
1805; Stratton-Major Parish, 1729-1783: St. Paul's Parish, Han-
over county, 1720-1785 ; Truro Parish, Fairfax county from 1762 ;
Bristol Parish, Dinwiddie county — in the library of the Theologi-
cal Seminary, Alexandria, Virginia ; Sussex Register — in the
Collections of the Virginia Historical Society ; Parish Register,
Goochland county, kept by Rev. Wm. Douglas, who was an early
tutor of Thomas Jefferson, 1 750-1 778— now in the possession of
his great-grandson, Robert Walker Lewis, Richmond, Virginia ;
Vestry Book, St. Anne's Parish, Albemarle county, 1772-1808 —
in the possession of the present editor, who has also five folio
volumes, of his own gleanings, regarding Virginia families, history,
topography, antiquities, etc. There is also, in the library of the
Theological Seminary, a volume of correspondence on Church
and other matters, 1766-17 75, and transcripts from the Lambeth
MSS., 1650-1766.°**

Of the papers in the State archives at Richmond, six volumes,
quarto, have been published as Calendar of State Papers and
other Manuscripts, preserved in the Capitol at Richmond, at first
edited by Dr. William P. Palmer, and later by Colonel Sherwin
McRae — Vol. I, 1652, in 1875 ; Vol. VI, 1793, in 1886, and a
seventh volume is now in press, bringing the period covered
down to 1800. Of the career of Captain Jolin Smith, it may be
remembered that Fuller, in the earliest printed biography of
Smith, contained in his Worthies of England, says of him :
" It soundeth much to the diminution of his deeds, that he alone
is the herald to publish and proclaim them." Dr. Charles Deane
first pointed out in i860, in a note to his edition of Wingfield's
Discourse, that the story of Pocahontas's saving Smith's life
from the infuriated Powhatan, which Smith interpolates in his

00 Rev. Philip Slaughter, D. D., Mitchell's Station, Culpeper county,
Virginia, historiographer of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Vir-
ginia, may be consulted as (o these.

XXVin INTRODUCTION.

Generall Histories was at variance with Smith's earlier recitals in
the tracts of which that book was composed when they had been
issued contemporaneous with the events of which he was treating
some years earlier, and that the inference was that Smith's natu-
ral propensity for embellishment, as well as a desire to feed the
interest which had been incited in Pocahontas when she visited
England, was the real source of the story. Dr. Deane still fur-
ther enlarged upon this view in a note to his edition (page 28) of
Smith's Relation in 1866.^^

It has an important bearing on the question, that Hamor, who
says so much of Pocahontas, makes no allusion to such a striking
service. The substantial correctness of Smith's later story is
contended for by Wyndham Robertson in the Historical Maga-
zine y October, 1869; by William Wirt Henry in Potter's Ameri-
can Monthly y 1875, and a general protest is vaguely rendered by

PP This iconoclastic view was also sustained by Dr. E. D. Neill in
Chapter V of his Virginia Company in London^ 1869, which was also
printed separately, and in Chapter IV of his English Colonization in
America. He goes further than Dr. Deane, and, following implicitly
Strachey's statement of an earlier marriage for Pocahontas, he impugns
other characters than Smith's, and repeats the imputations in his Vir-
ginia and Virginiolaf page 20; in his Virginia Vetusta, 1885, Chapter
II, and in his Virginia Carolorum, 1886, pages 84, 85, and as to John
Rolfe in the last work, pages 19, 59, 194, 195. There is a paper on
the marriage of Pocahontas, by Wyndham Robertson, in the . Vir-
ginia Historical Reporter^ Volume II, Part I (i860), page 67. Con-
sult further Field's Indian Bibliography ^ page 383. See Neill's view
pushed to an extreme in Historical Magazine^ Volume XVII, page
144, and in his Virginia Carolorum, as above. A writer in the Vir-
ginia Historical Register, Volume IV, page 37, undertook to show
that Kokoum and Rolfe were the same. Matthew S. Henry, in a letter
dated Philadelphia, September 11. 1857, written to Dr. William P. Pal-
mer, then Corresponding Secretary of the Virginia Historical Society,
gives us the Lenni Lenape signification of Kokoom or Kokoum as " * to
come from somewhere else,' as we would say, * a foreigner.' " John
Esten Cooke, in his My Lady Pokahontas, Boston, 1885, preserves all
the glamour as romantically presented of her career, and Wyndham
Robertson, in his Pocahontas and her Descendants, Richmond, 1887,
yields naught of his original sentimental view, and includes also quite
a full biographical sketch of John Rolfe. Dr. Deane, in an article,
Pocahontas and Captain Smith, in the Magazine of American History,
May, 1885, pages 493-4, crystalizes his original conclusions in logical
deduction.

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

Sievens in his Historical Collections, page 102, whilst Edward
Arber, in his Captain John Smith! s Works, 1884, Introduction,
page x,'' pleasantly and complacently insists that ** Smith, of
Virginia, without Pocahontas, would be like William Tell without
the apple story, * * that narrow escape formed but a mere
incident in a life which, till then and for some time afterwards,
was simply replete with similar desperate hazards of all kinds.
If he were now living, he would, we think, say that too much had
been made of that Pocahontas matter. * * As an actual fact.
Smith took no particular notice of this short, sudden jeopardy
and his fortunate escape (having been daily carrying his life in his
hand for year's past with an Englishman's usual delight in perils
and adventures), until, in the Generall Historic oi 1624, he felt
himself bound to do so in order to give, in its completeness, the
whole story of the James river colony. To have dwelt upon it

qq English Scholars' Library, No. 16, Captain John Smith's, President
of Virginia, and Admiral of New England, Works, 1608-163 1, i Mon-
tague Road, Birmingham, loth June, 1884, the contents of which in-
clude :

1606. The London Virginia Company, Instructions, etc.
22 June, 1607. R. Tindall Gunner, Letter to Prince Henry.

22 June, 1607. A Relatyon, etc.

18 Aug. 1607. Dudley Carleton, Letter to John Chamberlain.

? 1607. The Hon. George Percy, Narrative.

? 1607. Edward Maria Wingfield, Discourse.
7 July, 1608. J. Chamberlain, Letter to Dudley Carleton.

23 Jan. 1609. J. Chamberlain, Letter to Dudley Carleton.

31 Aug. 1609. Captain Gabriel Archer, Letter announcing arrival of the
Third Supply.

4 Oct. 1609. Captain John Ratcliff, Letter to the Earl of Salisbury.

15 Dec. 1609. The Earl of Southampton, Letter to the Earl of Salisbury.
? 1613. Captain Henry Spelman, Relation of Virginia.

? 1618. Captain John Smith, Letter to Lord Bacon.

Bibliography — including J. Lenox, C. Deane, J. Wmsor — The Ten States
of Smith's New England Map.

Mrs. Herbert Jones* Description of the original painting of Pocahontas.

John Smith's True Relation, June- Aug., 1608. A Map of Virginia,
1612. A Description of New England, June, 1616 ; New England's
7Wfl/j, December, 1620 ; G ener all Historic, ]u\y, 1624; An Accidence
for Young Seamen^ October, 1626 ; True Travels, &c. [August, 1629],
1630; Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New Eng-
land [October, 1630,] 163 1; The Last Will and the Epitaph of, [21
June, 1631].

XXX INTRODUCTION.

in his earlier books, would have been thought, at the time, an
exhibition of personal vanity in making too much of one out of
many narrow escapes, his first five works not being intended so
much as records of personal adventures as wholly consecrated to
the advocacy and history of English colonization and fishing on
the North American coasts.'*

The file of the Richmond Dispatch^ for 1877, contains various
contributions on the early governors of the colony of Virginia by
Edward D. Neill, William Wirt Henry, and R. A. Brock, in
which the claims of Smith's narrative to consideration are dis-
cussed. Charles Dudley Warner, in A Study of the Life and
Writings of fohn Smith, 1881, treats the subject humorously
and with sceptical levity.

William Wirt Henry was the champion of Smith, a second
time in an address, The Early Settlement at famestown, with Par-
ticular Reference to the late Attacks upon Captain fohn Smith,
Pocahontas and fohn Rolfe, delivered before the annual meeting
of the Virginia Historical Society, held February 24, 1882, and
published with the Proceedings of the Society. John Ashton,
in his '^Adventures and Discourses of Captain fohn Smith,
newly ordered,'* and John Esten Cooke, in his Virginia, a His-
tory of the People, 1883, give full credence to Smith and the Poca-
hontas episode. Mr. Deane's views are, however, cogently
supported by Henry Adams {North American Review, January.
1867, and Chapter of Erie, and other Essays, page 192), and by
Henry Cabot Lodge {English Colonies in America, page 6).
Mr. Bancroft Tallowed for a while the original story to stand, with
a bare reference to Dr. Deane's note {History of the United
States, 1864, Volume I, page 152); but in his Centenary Edition,
(1879, Volume I, page 102), he abandoned the former assertion,
without expressing judgment. Gay, in his Popular History of the
United States, Volume I, page 283, recites the story of Poca-
hontas under color of late investigations.

Alexander Brown has contributed several articles, published
in the Richmond Dispatch in April and May, 1882, in which he
controverts the views of William Wirt Henry, not only as to
the truth of the story of the rescue, but as to the general veracity
of Smith as a historian, taking a more absolute position in this
respect than any previous writer had done.

Pocahontas is thought to have died at Gravesend just as she

INTRODUCTION. XXXI

was about re- embarking for America, March 21, 161 7 ; and the
entry on the records of St. George's Church in that place —
which speaks of a ** lady Virginia born/' and has been sup-
posed to refer to her — puts her burial, March 21, 161 7."

For the tracing of Pocahontas's descendants through the Boll
ings — Robert Boiling having married Jane Rolfe, the daughter
of Thomas Rolfe, the son of Powhatan's daughter, see Wynne's
Historical Documents, Vol. IV, entided A Memoir of a Portion
of the Boiling Family, Richmond, 1868 (fifty copies printed),
which contains photographs of the portraits of the Boilings,
Randolphs and others, and Pocahontas and her Descendants,
by Wyndham Robertson, cited in a preceding note."

There is an engraving of Pocahontas by Simon De Passe,"

rrSee Maxwell's Virginia Historical Register y Vol. II, p. 189. The
parish register of Gravesend records that this burial was " in the chan-
cel." Its relevancy has been questioned by the Rev. Patrick G. Robert,
of St. Louis, Mo., in the Richmond Dispatch of September 10, 1881,
and by Mr. J. M. Sinyanki, of London, in the Richmond Standard of
November 12, 1881, both of whom claim upon tradition that the inter-
ment was in a corner of the churchyard.

The story of Pocahontas is still likely to be told with all the old
embellishments. See Professor Scheie de Vere's Romance of Ameri-
can History, 1872, Chapter III. A piece of sculpture in the Capitol at
Washington depicts the apochryphal scene. William Gilmore Simms
urges her career as the subject for historical \i2An\.\n^ LVerses and Re-
mews), She figures in more than one historical romance: J. Davis's
First Settlers of Virginia, New York, 1805-6, and again, Philadelphia,
1817, with the more definite title of Captain Smith and the Princess
Pocahontas; Samuel Hopkins, youth of the Old Dominion, There
are other works of fiction, prose and verse, bearing on Pocahontas and
her father, by Seba Smith, L. H. Sigourney, M. W. Mosby, R. D.
Owens, O. P. Hillar, etc.

ss It is claimed in America that the descendants of Pocahontas are
limited to those springing from the marriage of Robert Boiling with
Jane, daughter of Thomas Rolfe. but it has been alleged that the latter
left a son. Anthony, in England, whose daughter, Hannah, married Sir
Thomas Leigh, of County Kent, and that their descendants of that and
of the additional highly respectable names of Bennet and Spencer are
quite numerous. See Deduction in the Richmond Standard, January
21, 1882.

^/ Simon' De Passe was an artist whose family came from the Low
Countries, and numbered several engravers among its members. He
was born at Utrecht in 15911 and practiced in England about ten years,

XXXll INTRODUCTION.

which perhaps belongs to but seldom found in Smith's Generall
Historie^'^ The original painting is said to have belonged to
Henry Rolfe, of Narford, a brother of John, the husband of
Pocahontas. It is now the property of Mr. Hastings Elwin, of
Gorleston, by Great Yarmouth, England, who thus derived it :
*' The last Mr. Peter Elwin who lived at the family seat, Booton
Hall, near Aylsham, in Norfolk, and who was born in 1730, and
died in 1798, was a descendant of the daughter and heiress of
Anthony Rolfe, of Tuttington. She had, married an Elwin, and
had brought the Tuttington estate into the Elwin family. It was
in consequence of this connection between the Rolfes and Elwins
that a portrait of Pocahontas was presented to the said Mr. Peter
Elwin, of Booton Hall, by a lady, Madame Zuchelli. This is
mentioned in his note-book, the entry (undated) being in his own
handwriting: * Pocahontas, given to me by Madame Zuchelli.*
As Mr. Elwin habitually added the name of the painter in his
memoranda of the many pictures in his possession, and omitted
to do so in this instance, it is probable that the lady was ignorant
of it. No memorandum was left by Mr. Elwin of the previous
owners of the portrait, but he possessed the knowledge (as is
remembered by his grandson from the testimony of Mrs. Peter
Elwin, who survived her husband thirty-two years, dying April,
1830, aged eighty-five years,) that the picture was what it pro-
fessed to be, namely, a painting of the time of James I, and an
authentic representation from life of Pocahontas. The picture
itself, which is finely painted, bears every token of genuineness,

commencing in the year 1613, the date of his earliest work. He was
not a painter, but engraved the portraits, chiefly from Nicholas Hilliard,
of many distinguished persons ; among them James I, Henry, Prince of
Wales, the Earl of Somerset, and the Duke of Buckingham.

uu Its place is sometimes supplied by a facsimile engraved for Wm.
Richardson's Granger^s Portraits, 1792-96. The original Matoaca or
Pocahontas picture was neither in the Brinley, Medlicott, nor the Menzies
copies, and is not in the Harvard College, Dowse, Deane, or in most
of the known copies. The Crowninshield copy (Catalogue, No. 992,)
had the original plate ; and that copy, after going to England, came
back to America as the property of Dr. Charles G. Barney, of Rich-
mond, Virginia, and at the sale of his library in New York in 1870 it
brought f 247.50 ; but it is understood that it returned to his own shelves.
The Carter-Brown (1632) edition, the Barlow large-paper copy, and one
copy at least in the Lenox Library have it.

INTRODUCTION. XXXIU

both as to the assumed period of execution and as to its direct
delineation of the living features of the sitter. It is the undoubted
original of De Passe's engraving, but is without any signature.
The artist can only be conjectured ; he was probably one of that
group of painters in oils, employed in the days of Elizabeth and
the first two Stuarts, whose works are of recognized excellence,
and: who rank next and nearest to the three or four of exalted
genius, as Zucchero, Jansen and Vandyck. Such an one w^s
Nicola Locker, who painted an oval portrait of Dr. King, Bishop
of London — the Bishop who was the friend of Pocahontas, and
in whose palace she was as visitor. * * * The dimensions of
the picture are two feet six inches and a half by two feet one
inch. A painted oval incloses the portrait. The painting of the
face, and of the details of the dress, is clear and finished, and
shows great delicacy and beauty of execution.

** The whole effect of the colouring is rich, mellow and deep-
toned, with the indescribable quality shed over it which time
alone can give. The portrait is slightly smaller than life, the face
stamped unmistakably with the Indian type, and denoting intelli-
gence and thoughtfulness, with much dignity, both in its expres-
sion and in the carriage of the head. She looks at once royal
in birth and in nature. The features are handsome and well-
formed, the lips bright red, the skin dark, smooth and vellum-like,
with a suspicion of a copper tint. The eyes are remarkable ;
prolonged at the corners, more meditative than brilliant, like still
pools rather than flashing water. Their colour is a rich, decided,
undeniable brown, with very blue tints on the white eye-balls.
The eye-brows are straight and black, the short hair by the ear
throws out a glistening pearl ear-ring. The deep lace ruff, rising
behind, defines sharply the shape of the face, which shows the
high cheek-bones and the outline narrowing abruptly below them,
so characteristic of her race. The hat she wears on her head, and
which, in the print, has a grotesque appearance, sinks unnoticed
into the scarcely less dark background, while the richly-chased
broad golden band round it, gives the effect of a coronet, and is
in happy combination with the colouring of the face. She wears
a mantle of red brocaded velvet, much ornamented with gold ;
the underdress dark, buttoned with gold buttons,

*• A small taper hand holds a fan of three white ostrich feathers.
Around the portrait are the ^ords, 'Matoaka Rebecka filia
C

XXXIV INTRODUCTION.

potentiss, Princ : Powhatani, Imp. Virginae * ; on a space beneath,
' Matoaks als Rebecka, daughter to the mighty prince, Powhatani
Emperoiir of Attanoughkomouck als Virginia, converted and
baptized in the Christian faith, and wife to the worsh'U Mr Thos.
Rolff.*^ Close under the figure, within the oval, is written,
* iEtatio suae, 21 Ao., 1616.' ''"^

Ryland Randolph procured from England two portraits —
alleged, one to be of John Rolfe and the other of Pocahontas, which
were hung in the hall of his seat at Turkey Island. He died in
1784. At the sale of his efiects in March, 1784, these pictures
were purchased by Thomas Boiling, of " Cobbs, *' at a cost of 26s.
for the two. William Boiling, son of the last named, inherited
** Cobbs,'* but sold it, and removed to his estate, ** Boiling Hall,"
or " Boiling Island,' ' in Goochland county. He removed all of the
family portraits save that alleged to be of Pocahontas. It remained
there until the early part of 1830, **a panel picture let into the
wainscot.'' William Murray Robinson, in a communication to the
Richmond Enquirer^ dated Petersburg, September 3, 1830,
stated that the original portrait was then in his possession
[having been taken by his father, Dr. Thomas Robinson,] by
consent of Mr. Edward Lynch, the then owner of " Cobbs." It
had been copied by Robert M. Sully, of Richmond, who, with
others, placed credence in its authenticity as a portrait. This,
William Boiling denied in the Enquirer, stating that neither his
father nor himself ever valued the picture, which represented
**a female of sallow complexion with a head of thick curled
hair," but that his father perceived some resemblance of features
between the portrait of the male [Rolfe] and that of his grand-
father, John Boiling. There was quite a flourishing puff of
Robert M. Sully in the newspapers of August, 1830, announcing
his determination to fix himself in Philadelphia with examples of

w The entry at Gravesend gives the name as " Thomas Wrolfe."

WW Sandringham, Past and Present^ with some historic memorials of
the Norfolk coast, by Mrs. Herbert Jones (i2moM London, 1883) pp.
297-303. The portrait has been photographed by Mrs. Jones, and, thus
reproduced, forms the frontispiece to Pocahontas and Her Descendants,
before cited. ''There exists at Heacham Hall, Norfolk, the seat of the
Rolfe*s, a portrait thought to be of Henry, the son of Pocahontas. This
is the painting mentioned, by error, in Massachusetts Historical Society
Proceedings, Vol. XIII, page 245, as of Pocahontas."

INTRODUCTION. XXXV

his handicraft, among them the copy of the portrait of Poca-
hontas."

The communications in the Enquirer^ of August and Septem-
ber, 1830, as to Sully* s copy of the portrait, became rather
acrimonious. By many it seems to have been regarded as a
veritable portrait. It was reproduced in McKinney and HalFs
Indian Tribes of North America, 1844, Vol. Ill, page 64. The
late Hugh Blair Grigsby stated that the original panel picture
was finally destroyed in a contest which grew out of a dispute
whether, when the house was sold, the panel went with it or could
be reserved.

Among the communications published in the Enquirer, was
one from David Meade Randolph, stating that he had been
informed by an English correspondent that the portraits of
Pocahontas, and Rolfe were copied for Ryland Randolph from
originals in Warwickshire, and whilst he was there.

Robert M. Sully painted another ideal portrait of Pocahontas,
which is amongtheCollectionsof the Virginia Historical Society.
There is also one, in beautifully bright colors, by the uncle of
Robert M. Sully, Thomas Sully, who states of it : ** The portrait I
painted, and presented to the Historical Society of Virginia, was
copied, in part, from the portrait of Pocahontas in the * Indian
Gallery,* published by Daniel Rice and Z. Clark. In my opinion,
the copy by my nephew is best entitled to authenticity.**

The late Charles Campbell, author of a History of Virginia y
stated that the original, at "Cobbs,** being much defaced. Sully
was allowed to take it, ** clean it and alter the features and com-
plexion to his own fancy.**

The present writer was informed, by the late Hon. John Robert-
son, of Richmond, that the panel picture represented a ** stout
blonde English woman.** Thomas Sully's delineation preserves'
the fullness of bust, but the size of the head is disproportionate,
and the features more nearly those of a Spanish senorita, the com-
plexion being dark, the hair and the eyes black, the former straight
and falling loosely about the shoulders.

jr;irThe fate of this copy is in some doubt. Rev. Thomas V. Robin-
son, of New York city, supposes it to have passed in some manner into
the possession of Dr. James Beale, late of Richmond, who for a time
placed it (or an alleged portrait of Pocahontas) on deposit in the State
Library of Virginia.

XXXVl INTRODUCTION.

The female, however, has a pearl necklace around her neck and
holds a feather fan in one hand, which is shapely.

The other ideal by Robert M. Sully, in the possession of the
Virginia Historical Society, is gypsy in feature and willowy or
serpentine in form.

Of the massacre at Falling Creek, March 22, 1622, the Vir-
ginia Company printed in Edward Waterhouse's Declaration of
the State of the Colony and Affairs in Virginia, a contemporary
account.^ Dr. Neill has made the transaction the subject of
special consideration in the Magazine of American History, Vol.
I, page 222, and in his Letter to N, G, Taylor in 1868, and has
printed a considerable part of Waterhouse's account in his Vir-
ginia Company, page 317, et seq.

The massacre is also incidentally mentioned by the present
writer in a paper, *' Early Iron-Manufacture in Virginia, 161 9-
1776,'* in the Richmond Standard, February 8, 1879 (re-
printed in the Proceedings of the United States National Mu-
seum, 1885, pages 77-80); and by James M. Swank, in
** Statistics of the Iron and Steel Production of the United
States,'* compiled for the Tenth Census, which may also be
referred to for information as to that industry in the colony of
Virginia.

An examination of the story of Claiborne's Rebellion is made
in Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. Ill, pages
517-563. See also "Captain Richard Ingle, the Maryland
* Pirate and Rebel,' 1642-1653, by Edward Ingle, A. B., 1884,
Fund Publication No. 19, Maryland Historical Society." Re-
specting Bacon s Rebellion, the fullest of the contemporary ,
printed accounts is that of T. M. on " The Beginning, Progress
and Conclusion of Bacon's Rebellion," which is printed in Force's
Tracts, Vol, I, No. 8." Equally important is a MS. " Narrative

>j/ There is a copy in Harvard College Library; Rich (1832), p. 165,
priced it at £1^ 2s.

2r2r Force copied from the Richmond ^«^«/V^r of September, 1804,
where Jefferson had printed it from a copy in his possession. Another
copy was followed in the Virginia Evangelical and Literary Magazine
in 1820, which is the source from which it was again printed in the Vir-
ginia Historical Register, Vol. Ill, pp. 61, 121. There are also articles
on the Cromwellian period, in the Register, Vol. II, p. 46, and in the
Southern Literary Messenger, Vol. I, p. 11, by Henry St. George
Tucker. .

INTRODUCTION. XXX Vll

of the, Indian and Civil Wars in Virginia/* now somewhat de-
fective, which was found among the papers of Captain Nathaniel
Burwell, and lent to the Massachusetts Historical Society, and
printed carelessly in their Collections in 1814, Vol. XI, and
copied thence by Force in his Tracts, Vol. I, No. 2, in 1836.
The MS. was again collected in 1866, and reprinted accurately in
the Society's Proceedings y Vol. IX, page 299, when the original
was surrendered to the Virginia Historical Society {^Proceedings,
Vol. IX, pages 244-298 ; Vol, X, page 135). Tyler, American
Literature, Vol. I, page 80, assigns its authorship to one Cotton,
of Aquia Creek, whose wife is said to be the writer of *' An Ac-
count of our Late Troubles in Virginia/' which was first printed
in the Richmond Enquirer, September 12, 1804, and again in
Force's Tracts, Vol. I, No. 9. The popular spreading of the
news in England of the downfall of the rebellion was helped by
a little tract. Strange news from Virginia, of which there is a
copy in Harvard College Library. There is in the British Mu-
seum, Sir William Berkeley's list of those executed under that
Governor's retaliatory measures, which has been printed in
Force's Tracts, Vol. I, No. 10. There are also in the British
Museum other MS. documents of great interest pertaining to the
rebellion, and of which copies have been recently furnished the
Virginia State Library by Edward Eggleston. These include a
Proclamation by Governor Berkeley, May 10, 1676; Letter of
Nathaniel Bacon, May 20th ; Description of the fight with the
Indians ; Appeal of Volunteers ; Declaration of the people ; Mrs.
Bacon's letter, September, 1676, detailing the atrocities of the
Indians; Mrs. Byrd's Relation; Bacon's account, June 18, 1676;
Giles Bland's letter to Mr. Povey; Remonstrance by several
counties — a vigorous plea ; and Declaration of the People con-
cerning the adherence with Nathaniel Bacon, Major-General
commanding.

Other original documents may be found in Hening's Statutes
at Large, Vol. II ; in the appendix to Burk's History of Vir-
ginia; and in the Aspi7iwall Papers, Vol. I, pages 162, 189,
published in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, An His-
torical Account of Some Memorable Actions, particularly in
Virginia, etc., by Sir Thomas Grantham, Knight (London,
17 16,) was reprinted in facsimile, with an introduction by the
present writer (Carlton McCarthy & Co., Richmond, 1882).

XXXVUl INTRODUCTION.

The fragment of the records of the General Court of Virginia,
cited as being in the Collections of the Virginia Historical Soci-
ety, contains details of the trial of the participants in the rebel-
lion not included in Hening, and the abstracts from the English
State-Paper Office, furnished by Mr. Sainsbury to the State Li-
brary of Virginia, give unpublished details. Extracts from the
same source are in the library of the present writer. There are
various papers in the early volumes of the Historical Magazine,
See April, 1867, for a contemporary letter. Massachusetts Bay
proclaimed the insurgents rebels."*

The earliest History of Virginia after John Smith's***^ was an
anonymous one published in London in 1705, with De Bry's
pictures reduced by Gribelin. When it was translated into
French, and published two years later (1707), both at Amsterdam
and Orleans (Paris), the former issue assigned the authorship to
D. S.. which has been interpreted D. Stevens, and so it remained
in other editions, some only title editions, printed at Amsterdam
in 171 2, 17 16 and 17 18, though the later date may be doubtful
(Sabin, Vol. II, 51 12). The true author, a native of Virginia,
and a colonial official, had in the meanwhile died there in 17 16.
This was Robert Beverley. The book is concisely written, and
is not without raciness and crispness ; but its merits are perhaps
a little overestimated in Tyler's American Literature, Vol. II,
page 264. His considerate judgment of the Indians is not, how-
ever, less striking than praiseworthy. For the period following
the Restoration he may be considered the most useful, though he

aaa See New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1861, p.
320, and Massachusetts Archives, Colonial, Vol. I, p. 475 ; Democratic
Review, Vol. VII, pp. 243, 453 For the later historians, see Bancroft's
History of the United States, Vol. II, Chapter XIV, Centenary edi-
• tion. Vol. I, Chapter XX ; Gay's Popular History of the United States,
Vol. II, p. 296; and the Memoir of Bacon by William Ware, in Spark's
American Biography, Vol. XIII. Articles of peace were signed by
John West and the native kings May 29. 1677 (Brinley Catalogue, 5484).
Mrs. Aphra Behn made the events rather distantly the subject of a
drama, The Widdow Ranter ; and in our day St. George Tucker based
his novel o{ Hansford upon them. See Sabin, Vol. 11,4372. Hansford
has been reprinted, the copyright having expired, by a New York
publisher under the new and misleading title The Devoted Bride.

hhb Reprinted at Richmond, Va., in 1819 by Rev. John Holt Rice, D.
D., with the Travels and Adventures, plates and maps, two volumes, Svo.

INTRODUCTION. XXXIX

IS not independent of a partisan sympathy. '^The Present State
of Virginia^ giving a particular and short account of Indian,
English and Negro Inhabitants of that Colony, showing their
Religion, Manners, Government, Trade, Way of Living, &c.,
with a Description of the Country, * * * by Hugh Jones,
A. M-, Chaplain to the Honorable Assembly, and lately Min-
ister of Jamestown, &c., in Virginia," London, 1724 (reprinted
by Joseph Sabin, 1865), as may be inferred from the title, is
a useful reference.** Sir William Keith's History of Vir-
ginia was undertaken, at the instance of the Society for the
Encouragement of Learning, as the beginning of a series of
books on the English plantations ; but no others followed. It
was published in 1738, with two maps, — one of America, the
other of Vii^inia, — ^and he depended almost entirely on Beverley,
and brings the story down to 1723.*** Forty years after Beverley,
the early history of the colony was again told, but only down to
1624, by the Rev. William Stith, then rector of Henrico Parish;
being, however, at the time of his death (1755) the president of
William and Mary College. He seems to have been discouraged
from continuing his narrative, because the ** generous and public
spirited*' gentlemen of Virginia were unwilling to pay the in-
creased cost of putting into his Appendix the early documents,
which give a chief value to his book to-day. He had the use of
the Collingwood transcript of the records of the Virginia Com-
pSmy. His book, History of the First Discovery and Settlement
of Virginia, was published at Williamsburg in 1747, ^^^ there
are variations in copies to puzzle the bibliographer.**® Stith's

ccc In 1722 the book was reissued in London, revised and enlarged,
as the author had left it, and the edition is now worth £10 los. It was
again reprinted in 1855 (J. W. Randolph & Co., Richmond, Va.), edited
by Charles Campbell (Sabin, Vol. II ; Brinley, 3719 ; Muller, 1877, No. "
318, etc.)

dddT\\om2iS Hollis wrote in the copy of Keith which he sent to Har-
vard College in 1768, '* The Society ^ the glorious Society, instituted in
London for promoting Learnings having existed but a little while,
through scrubness of the times, no other than Part I of this history was
published, and it is very scarce."

eee Some claim to be printed in London in 1753 ; the copy in Harvard
College Library is of this 1753 reprint. See Historical Magazine ^ Vol.
If P- 59» and Vol. II, p. 61 (where it is asserted that only the title is of

Xl INTRODUCTION.

diffuseness and lack of literary skill have not prevented his
becoming a high authority with later writers, notwithstanding
that he implicitly trusts and even praises the honesty of Smith.*"

The somewhat inexact History of Virginia by John Daly
Burk has some of the traits of expansive utterance which might
be expected from an expatriated Irishman who had been impli-
cated in political hazards, and who was yet to fall in a duel in
1808.^ This book, which was published in three volumes at
Petersburg (1804-5), was dedicated to Jefferson. A fourth
volume, by Skelton Jones and Louis Hue Girardin, was added in
1886 ; but as the edition was in large part destroyed by a fire, it
is rarely found with the other three. "*^ Burk used the copy of
the Virginia Company records, which had belonged to John
Randolph, as well as some collections made by Hickman (which
Randolph had made when it was his intention to write on Vir-
ginia history), and Colonel William Byrd's Journal.

The name of Campbell is twice associated with the history of
Virginia. John Wilson Campbell published in 1813, at Peters-
burg, a meagre and unimportant History of Virginia^ coming
down to 1 78 1. The best known, however, is the work of Charles
Campbell, his son, who, in 1847, at Richmond, published a well
written Introduction to the History of Virginia^ and in 1 860, at
Philadelphia, a completed History of the Colony and Ancient
Dominion of Virginia, coming down to 1783 — a book written
before John Smith was called a romancer. Some apology may
be made for any urged defectiveness in arrangement of his mate-
new make), and the bibliographical note which Sabin added to his
reprint of Stith in 1865, where he describes these varieties. There is a
collection in the Brinley Catalogue, No. 3796, not agreeing with either.
Consult further Historical Magazine, Vol. II, p. 184, and North Ame-
rican Review, October, 1866, p. 605.

j55^ Adams, Manual of Historical Literature, 557 ; Historical Maga-
zine, Vol. I, p. 27 ; Field, Indian Bibliography, &c.. Vol. I, p. 502 ;
Tyler, American Literatures Vol. II, p. 280 ; Allibone, Dictionary of
Authors, Vol. II, p. 2264 ; Article by William Green, in Southern Lite-
rary Messenger, September, 1863,

gggSe^ Charles Campbell's Memoir of John Daly Burk, 1868.

hhh Sabin, Vol. Ill, p. 273. The first three volumes are sometimes
met with imprint dated 1822, which is presumed to be simply a new
title page, as it could have been scarcely profitable to reprint the work .

INTRODUCTION. xli

rials, in tfiat the work, originally more comprehensive, had hastily
to be abbreviated in part to reduce it to the compass of a single
volume. Campbell was enthusiastic and conscientious, and his
zealous devotion rescued much valuable data which otherwise
would have perished."* The most comprehensive History of
Virginia is that of Robert R. Howison, Vol. I, coming down to
1763, being published at Philadelphia in 1846, and Vol. II, ending
in 1847, being published at Richmond the next year. He is a
pleasing writer, but is warped by his prejudices, and sacrifices fact
to rhetoric, although he makes an imposing display of refer-
ences : Force's Archives^ nine volumes ; KerchevaFs History of
the Valley of Virginia^ ist edition, i2mo., Woodstock, Va.,
1833; 2d, 8vo., 1852. To these sources of reference may be
added : The Evangelical and Literary Magazine, edited at
Richmond, by Rev. John Holt Rice, D. D., eleven volumes,
1818-1828; the Southern Literary Messenger, Richmond, 1834-
1864 ; William H. Brockenbrough*3 Outline of the History of
Virginia io 1834; Martin's Gazetteer, 1835; Hovre^'s Historical
Collections of Virginia, Charleston, 1856 : John Lewis Peyton's
History of Augusta County, Staunton, 1882; Biographical
Sketches of the Executives of Virginia, 1 606-1 885, by R. A.
Brock, in Hardesty's Encyclopedia; Cooke's Virginia, 1883,
and Joseph A. Waddell's Annals of Augusta County, ist edition,
1887 ; 2d, 1888.

The Annual Reports of the Canadian Archives for several
years past, by Douglas Brymner, archivist, Ottawa> present valu-
able sources of reference as to documents of the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries.

Virginia Local Institutions — Ihe Land System i^ Hundred ;
Parish^ County; Town — by Edward Ingle, fohns Hopkins
University Studies in Historical and Political Science, Third
Series, Nos. II, III, 1885, is a carefully considered monograph.
Popular Government in Virginia, 1606-1776, is comprehensively
presented by Charles H. Tuckerman in an article in the Maga-
zine of American History, June, 1888.

m A Biographical Sketch of Charles Campbell, by R. A. Brock, was
published in the Richmond Dispatch, September 11, 1876, and repub-
lishedj with portrait, but somewhat abbreviated, in Potter's American
Monthly, December, 1876.

X Hi INTRODUCTION.

For lists of members of the Council^ and of the Assembly of
Virginia, colonial and State, the Virginia Almanacs, of which
there is an incomplete serial from 1759 in the Library of the
Virginia Historical Society, and some additional yearly issues in
the State Library of Virginia, are the chief, and, in most of
instances, the only, sources of reference.

The several files of the Vtrgima Gazette, first issued at Wil-
liamsburg, Virginia, August 6, 1736, and latterly at Richmond,
are replete with data invaluable to the historian. It is deeply to
be regretted that no collective, complete files are known to
exist. ^" Issues of the following periods are preserved in Rich-
mond:
In the Library of the Virginia Historical Society —

September 3, 1736— June 25, 1739.

March 7, 1766 — December 18, 1766.

January 8, 1768 — December 28, 1769.

January 6, 1774 — December 29, 1774.

January 7, 1775 — December 30, 1775.

December 20, 1775 — June 20, 1778 (not consecutive).

February 21, 1774 — December 20, 1786.
Owned by William C. Mayo —

The year 1765.
In the State Library of Virginia —

January 7, 1768 — December 29, 1768.

January 2, 1772 — December 29, 1774.

January 15, 1776 — December 27, 1776.

January 4, 1787— December 30, 1789.

January i, 1802 — 'December 19, 1809.
Respecting the religious history of the colony, besides the
general historians, there have been several special treatments.
Dr. Neill has written upon the Puritan affinities in Hours at
Home, November, 1867, and on Thomas Harrison and the Vir-
ginia Puritans in his English Colonization, where is also a chapter
on the Planting of the Church of England. Patrick Copland's
Sermon, Virginians God be Thanked, was preached before the

jjj Pl partial list of the colonial members of the Council is given in
the Richmond Standard, September 11, 1880

kkk The writer has been informed that Colonel T. D. Bruce, editor of
the Turf, Field and Farm, New York, has files of the Virginia Gazette,

^

INTRODUCTION. xliii

Company In London, April i8, 1622, a copy of which is in Har-
vard Colldge Library. Consult further Dr. NeilFs Memoir of
Rev. Patrick Copland, New York, 1871, pag^e 52, and his Eng-
lish Colonization, page 104. Further see Hawkes*s Contribu-
tions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States y ** Vir-
ginia,*' 1836; Htmng's Statutes ; Papers Relating to the History
of the Church in Virginia, 1650-1770, by William Stevens
Perry, 1870 ; Notes on the Virginia Colonial Clergy in the Epis-
copal Recorder, and reprinted separately by E. D. Neill, 1877 ;
Savage's Winthrop's History of New England ; Anderson's
Church of England in the Colonies, 1856; and History of the
American Episcopal Church, 1 587-1 883, by W. S. Perry, three
volumes, royal 8vo., Boston, 1885.

For lists of the clergy, 1607-1883, see Digest of the Proceed-
ings of the Conventions and Councils in the Diocese of Virginia,
by T, G. Dashiell, D. D., Richmond, 1883. The present writer
has also in his possession the Records of the Monthly Meeting
of Henrico County, June 10, 1699-1797, which he hopes to use
in a history of the Society of Friends in Virginia. He has also
earlier isolated records, and a partial register of births, marriages
and deaths of those of the faith of the Society in Henrico and
Hanover counties in the eighteenth century.

For an account of early manufactures in Virginia, see Bishop's
History of American Manufactures, 1866. For a view of the
early agriculture, see a paper by the present writer on the His-
tory of Tobacco in Virginia from its Settlement to lygo ; Sta-
tistics, Agriculture and Commerce, prepared for the Tenth
Census; History of Agriculture in Virginia, by N. F. Cabell,
1857 ; the Farmer's Register, 1833-42 ; Transactions of the
State Agricultural Society of Virginia, 1855 ; '* Virginia Colo-
nial Money and Tobacco's Part Therein," by W. L. Royall, in
Virginia Law foumal, August, 1877 ; " Husbandry in Colony
Times," by Edward Eggleston, Century Magazine, December,
1883, and the files of the Southern Planter, For a view of slavery
in the colony, see Bancroft, Chapter V ; O* Callaghan's Voyages
of the Slcives; Wilson's Rise a7id Fall of the Slave Power ; Cobb's
Inquiry; *' Prefatory Note " to " The Fourth Charter of the Royal
African Company, September 27, 1672, in Virginia Historical Col-
lections, Vol. VI , " Connection of Massachusetts with the Slave
Trade," by Charles Deane, LL.D., in Proceedings American Anti-
quarian Society, October 21, 1886, pages 191-222 (reprinted);

Xliv INTRODUCTION.

the Address of Thomas Nelson Page, D. L., •' The Old South/'
delivered before the Alumni Association of Washington and Lee
University, June 14, 1887, and printed in the Southern CoUegian,
June, 1887 ; "The Old and the New South," Baccalaureate Ad-
dress, by John Randolph Tucker, before the South Carolina
College Commencement, 1887, Columbia, 1887 ; George W.
Williams's History of the Negro Race in America from i6ig to
1886 ; and the works of Cabell, Fitzhugh, Fletcher, Hammond,
Ross, Stringfellow, and general histories.

For essential materials toward a history of the late war, 1861-5,
and Virginia's part therein, consult the Southern Historical
Society Papers, fifteen volumes, 1876-1887."*

Like his English ancestor, the colonial Virginian was devoted
to horse- racing. The history of a people should depict them in
every-day life as well as in polity and in war, as their social customs
are potent factors in their political characteristics. Their recre-
ations should therefore have consideration. John S. Skinner's
American Turf Register, a monthly, commenced September*
1829, and continued until 1843 — fourteen volumes — is quite com-
prehensive in its presentation of the Virginian in his sports in
forest, field and stream.

The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Virginia,
1 778-1 822, with Introduction by John Dove, Grand Secretary,
gives an account of the origin of Masonry in Virginia from 1733,
and of its progress. Vol. I; published at Richmond in 1874.""^

///R. A. Brock, present secretary and editor.

mmm The oldest Masonic Lodge in Richmond is Richmond Lodge,
No. lo, chartered December 28, 1780. A history of the lodge by R. A.
Brock, its historiographer, is in preparation. The corner-stone of the
State Capitol (August 18, 1785), that of the Masons' Hall (October 12,
1785, the oldest building standing erected for Masonic purposes in
America), and of many other public buildings, have been laid by Lodge
No. 10. Among its membership may be enumerated Grand Masters Alex.
Montgomery, Edmund Randolph, John Marshall, Thomas Matthews,
Samuel Jones and Sydney S. Baxter; Grand Secretaries L. Wood, W.
Waddell, John Burke, Basil Wood, Nathaniel W. Price, John G. Wil-
liams and John Dove. It has also been numerously represented in the
remaining offices severally of the Grand Lodge, and has held on its
rolls a host of Revolutionary heroes (including Lafayette), four Gov-
ernors of Virginia— John Tyler, Sr., Edmund Randolph, Thomas Mann
Randolph and George William Smith — besides many others distin-
guished in the annals of Virginia and in the councils of the nation.

INTRODUCTION. xlv

Since the printing of page xxvii, the writer has received from
Rev. Philip Slaughter, D. D., the following additional list of
parish records : New Kent County^ Blissland Parish, vestry-
book, 1 724-1 780 ; Nansemond County^ Lower Parish ; Mathews
County^ Kingston Parish, vestry-book, 1674-1796 ; register,
1 753-1 778; Norfolk County, Elizabeth River Parish, vestry-
book, 1749-1761 ; Isle of Wight County^ vestry-book, 1721-
1769 ; King William County ^ Stratton -Major Parish, vestry -book,

1664 to ; Fairfax County ^ Truro Parish, vestry -book, 1730-

1786; Fairfax Parish (Alexandria), vestry-book, 1765 to ;

Sussex County f Albemarle Parish, vestry-book, 1742-1786 ;
register, 1738; Henrico G?««/y, vestry-book, 1730-1888; regis-
ter; Goochland County ^ St. James* Southam Parish, vestry-
book, 1745 ; St. James* Northam Parish, vestry-book, 1749-
1791 ; Halifax County^ Antrim Parish, vestry-book, 1753-1817 ;
Ctdpeper County, St. Mark's Parish, vestry-book, 1730-1783 ;
register, 1794-1796; Spotsylvania County^ St. George's Parish,
vestry-book, 1 720-1 780; Amherst County, Amherst Parish,
vestry-book, 1745-1785; Brunswick County, St. Andrew's
Parish ; Richmond County, Lunenburg Parish, vestry-book.

The Virginia Historical Society was organized December 29,
1831. as the Historical and Philosophical Society of Virginia,
with the following officers :

President, John Marshall; Vice-President, John Floyd; Cor-
responding Secretary, John Bacon Clopton ; Recording Secre-
tary, James E. Heath, and Treasurer, Conway Robinson. There
was also an *' Executive** or "Standing** Committee, of which
Benj. Watkins Leigh was appointed chairman.

The Society was reorganized in December, 1847, under the
name of the Virginia Historical Society, with William C. Rives
as President.

Its publications have been as follows :

Collections of the Virginia Historical and Philosophical So-
ciety^ Vol. I, containing preface, giving an account of the origin
of the Society, its first meeting in 1831, Constitution of the So-
ciety, an address delivered before the first annual meeting by
Jonathan P. Cushing, A. M., president of Hampden Sidney
College ; Memoir of Indian Wars, by Colonel Scott, of Green-
brier county, Va. ; Record of Grace Sherwood's Trial for Witch-
craft in Princess Anne county, Va., in 1705 ; list of donations,

Xlvi INTRODUCTION.

and a list of officers and members of the Society, p. 87, 1833,
i2mo.

The Vir^nia Historical Register, a journal issued quarterly
during the years 1848-49, '50, '5i,*52, '53, each volume averag-
ing 235 pages, i2mo.

[This magazine contains the proceedings of the annual meet-
ings during those six years, and a large amount of historical
materials, the greater portion of which is not to be found in any
other publication.]

An Account of Discoveries in the West until 1519, and of
Voyages to and Along the Atlantic Coast of North America from
1520 to iS73y by Conway Robinson, chairman Executive Com-
mittee, pp. XV and 491, 1848, 8vo.

An Address on the Life^ &c, , of Hon, Benj\ IV, Leigh, by W.
H. Macfarland, p. 12, 1851, i2mo.

The Virginia Constitution of 1776, an address by H. A.
Washington p. 50, 1851, i2mo.

The Virginia Historical Reporter, Vol. I, containing the pro-
ceedings of the seventh annual meeting, and an address on the
Virginia Convention of 1829-30, by Hugh Blair Grigsby, p.
116, 1854, i2mo.

The same. Vol. I, Part II, containing proceedings of the
eighth annual meeting, and Observations on the History of Vir-
ginia, an address delivered by Hon. R. M. T. Hunter, p. 48,
1855, i2mo.

Also, the address of Mr. Hunter without the proceedings.

The same. Vol. I, Part III, containing proceedings of the
ninth annual meeting, and Sketches of the Political Issues and
Controversies of the Revolution, an address by Professor Hol-
combe, of the University of Virginia, p. 63, 1836, 'i2mo.

Also, the address without the proceedings.

The same. Vol. II, Part I, with proceedings of the tenth,
eleventh and twelfth annual meetings, an Address On the Virginia
Colony, by Professor George F. Holmes, of the University of
Virginia, and a paper read before the Society, by Wyndham
Robertson, on the Date of the Marriage of Pocahontas, p. 87,
i860, i2mo.

Washington's Private Diaries, edited by Benjamin J. Lossing^
p. 247, i86i, 8vo.

Letters of Thomas Nelson, fr,, \X,o, 1874.

INTRODUCTION. xlvii

The New Series of the Collections of the Society, edited by
R. A Brock, and printed in editions of i,ooo copies, 8vo., is as
follows :

The Official Letters of Alexander Spotswood^ Lieutenant-
Governor of Virginia, 17 10-1722, with his portrait, autograph
and arms.

Vol. I (Vol. I, Collections), 1882. Vol. II (Vol. II, Collec-
tions), issued in 1885.

The Official Records of Robert DinwiddiCy Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor of Virginia, 1751-1758.

Vol. I (Vol. Ill, Collections), with portrait of W. W. Cor-
coran, 'Es(\,, facsimile of his letter presenting the MS. to the
Society, and a cut of the mace of Norfolk. Va. — 1883. Vol. II
(Vol. IV, Collections), with full index, portrait of Governor
Dinwiddle, his autograph and arms ; and the Map of Virginia,
etc., which accompanied Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, (edition of
1787)— 1884.

Proceedings of the Society at the annual meeting, February
24, 1882, with the address of W. W. Henry on '* The Early
Settlement of Virginia," 1882.

Documents Relating to the Huguenot Settlement in Virginia
(Vol. V, Collections):

Lists of three shiploads of emigrants in 1700, with subscrip-
tions towards the expenses of transportation and settlement, and
elucidatory documents. Register of settlers at, and of births,
deaths, etc., in, Manakin-Town, Virginia, 1710-1754, translated
from the original French. Genealogies of the Dupuy, Trabue,
Maury, Fontaine and other families.

Miscellaneous Papers, 16^2-1863 (Vol. VI, Collections), com-
prising Charter of the Royal African Company, 1672, with His-
torical Introduction as to the past relation of Virginia to Slavery;
Gilmer Papers, 1775-8 ; Orderly Book, 1776; Career of the Iron -
Clad "Virginia," or **Merrimac," 1862; Memorial of Johnson's
Island Prison, 1862-4, etc., with view of the prison — 1887.

An adequate history of Virginia is to be greatly desired, and
while it is true that much precious material therefor has lament-
ably perished, it is believed that the original record is still not
wanting for such a representation of the past of the State as
would at once be more intelligible as to the motives which occa-
sioned events, and justly convincing in the recital of them.

^JS^

SlfeSfaJ

1^

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Virginia Company of London.

The annual records of the Treasurer and Company (of which
we have copies in this country) commence with the proceedings
of a quarter-court held at Sir Thomas Smith's house, in Phil-
pot Lane, the 28th of April, 1619, when were present Right
Honorable —

The Earl of Southampton,*
The Earl of Warwick,*

Sir Nathaniel Rich,
Sir John Wolstenholme,

* Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton, K.G., was educated
at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and succeeded to the title on his father's
death in 1581 ; was an intimate friend of the Earl of Essex, who made
him General of Horse in Ireland ; having united in that Earl's insur-
rection, he was sent to the Tower in 1598, but was released upon the .
accession of James I ; was soon after made a Knight of the Garter
and Captain of the Isle of Wight ; member of the Privy Council, 1619 ;
his freedom of speech in the House of Lords placed him under restraint
after 162 1 ; colonel of one of the four regiments s^nt for the defence of
the Palatinates, 1624 ; and there, after having lost his son, Lord Wrio-
thesley, his own life was sacrificed, he dying at Bergen ap Zoom loth
November, 1624. He was a patron of Shakespeare, and one of the
contributors to the expedition, under Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, in
the Concord in 1602.

* Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick, obtained considerable celeb-
rity during the Civil Wars, when he was Admiral for the Long Par-
liament, and was much in the confidence of Cromwell. He died 29th
May, 1659.

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

VirginiaCompany of London.

The annual records of the Treasurer and Company (of which
we have copies in this country) commence with the proceedings
of a quarter-court held at Sir Thomas Smith's house, in Phil-
pot Lane, the 28th of April, 1619, when were present Right
Honorable —

The Earl of Southampton,*
The Earl of Warwick,*

Sir Nathaniel Rich,
Sir John Wolstenholme,

* Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton, K.G., was educated
at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and succeeded to the title on his father's
death in 1581 ; was an intimate friend of the Earl of Essex, who made
him General of Horse in Ireland ; having united in that EarPs insur-
rection, he was sent to the Tower in 1598, but was released upon the .
accession of James I ; was soon after made a Knight of the Garter
and Captain of the Isle of Wight ; member of the Privy Council, 1619 ;
his freedom of speech in the House of Lords placed him under restraint
after 162 1 ; colonel of one of the four regiments s^nt for the defence of
the Palatinates, 1624 ; and there, after having lost his son, Lord Wrio-
thesley, his own life was sacrificed, he dying at Bergen ap Zoom loth
November, 1624. He was a patron of Shakespeare, and one of the
contributors to the expedition, under Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, in
the Concord in 1602.

* Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick, obtained considerable celeb-
rity during the Civil Wars, when he was Admiral for the Long Par-
liament, and was much in the confidence of Cromwell. He died 29th
May, 1659.

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

VirginiaCompany of London.

The annual records of the Treasurer and Company (of which
we have copies in this country) commence with the proceedings
of a quarter-court held at Sir Thomas Smith's house, in Phil-
pot Lane, the 28th of April, 1619, when were present Right
Honorable —

The Earl of Southampton,*
The Earl of Warwick,*

Sir Nathaniel Rich,
Sir John Wolstenholme,

^ Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton, K. G., was educated
at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and succeeded to the title on his father's
death in 1581 ; was an intimate friend of the Earl of Essex, who made
him General of Horse in Ireland ; having united in that Earl's insur-
rection, he was sent to the Tower in 1598, but was released upon the
accession of James I ; was soon after made a Knight of the Garter
and Captain of the Isle of Wight ; member of the Privy Council, 1619 ;
his freedom of speech in the House of Lords placed him under restraint
after 162 1 ; colonel of one of the four regiments s^nt for the defence of
the Palatinates, 1624 ; and there, after having lost his son, Lord Wrio-
thesley, his own life was sacrificed, he dying at Bergen ap Zoom loth
November, 1624. He was a patron of Shakespeare, and one of the
contributors to the expedition, under Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, in
the Concord in 1602.

* Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick, obtained considerable celeb-
rity during the Civil Wars, when he was Admiral for the Long Par-
liament, and was much in the confidence of Cromwell. He died 29th
May, 1659.

2 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

The Lord Cavendish,* Sir John Dauers,

The Lord Pagett,* Sir John Merrick,

General Cecill, Sir Dudley Digges,'

Sir Thomas Smith, Knight, Sir Nicholas Tufton,

Treasurer,* , Sir Samuel Sandis,
Sir Edwin Sandis,* Sir Henry Ranisford,

' Thomas, Lord Cavendish.

* William, Lord Pagett.

* Sir Thomas Smith, or Smyth, second son of Sir Thomas Smith, of
Osterhanger, Kent, was an eminent merchant of London, and chief of
the assignees of the patents of Sir Walter Raleigh ; first President and
Treasurer of the Council of the Virginia Company; Farmer of the Cus-
toms under Queen Elizabeth. On 30th January, i6i8 (O. S.), his elegant
residence at Deptford was burned. His London house was in Philpot
Lane. Langborne Ward. His portrait is given in Granger's Biographi-
cal History of England, I, facing page 77. His eldest son. Sir John,
married Isabel, daughter of Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick. Another
son married an illegitimate daughter of Charles Blount, Lord Mount-
joy. His nephew was created Viscount Strangford.

' Sir Edwin Sandis, or Sandys, son of Archbishop Edwin Sandys, was
born in Warwickshire. March, 1561 ; educated at Corpus Christi College.
Oxford, where Hooker was his tutor; obtained a fellowship, 1576; col*
lated to a prebend in the Church of York, though not in orders. On
obtaining his Master's degree he went abroad, and while in Paris wrote
a tract entitled " Europae Speculum," which being printed surreptitiously
in 1605, he published an amended edition in 1629, with additions, under
the title of ** Europae Speculum ; or a View and Survey of Religion in
the Western Parts of the World ; " resigned his prebend, 1602 ; knighted,
1603, by James I, who employed him in several important affairs. He
was subsequently imprisoned for opposition to the Court; died Oc-
tober, 1629; founded a metaphysical lecture at Oxford ; was succeeded
as Treasurer by his brother, George Sandys— born 1577 — who came to
Virginia, and completed on the banks of James river a translation of
the ** Metamorphoses of Ovid,*' the first English book prepared in
America, and which was published in London, 1621. He also published
an account of his travels in Constantinople and Greece.

^ Sir Dudley Digges (eldest son of Thomas Digges, mathematician,
and his wife Anne, daughter of Sir Warham St. Leger, Knight, and
grandson of Leonard Digges, able mathematician, bom at Digges*
Court, parish of Bashan ; died 1573 ;) was born 1583; B. A. of Oxford,
i6oi ; for a time traveled, and was knighted ; led a retired life till 1618,
when he was sent by James I Ambassador to Russia; commissioned
in 1620 with Sir Maurice Abbott to go to Holland to obtain restitution
of goods taken by the Dutch from some Englishmen in the East

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. O

Sir Robert Wayneman, Mr. William Greenwell,

Sir Thomas Cheeke, Mr. William Bell,

Sir William Russel, Mr. Humphry Handford,

Sir Thomas Wilford, Mr. Richard Rogers,

Mr. Alderman Johnson, Mr. John Farrar,

Mr. Morrice Abbott,* Mr. Clitheroe,

Mr. Thomas Gibbs, Mr. Caning,'

Mr. Thomas Stiles, Mr. Ditchfield.*®

On this day the treasurer (Sir Thomas SmitK) ** desired the
court to proceed to the choice of their officers, signifying that for
these twelve years he hath willingly spent his labour and en-
deavours for the support thereof; and being now appointed by
the King a commissioner of his navy, he could not give such
good attendance as he therein desired; requesting the Court to
shew him so much favour, as now to dispense with him, and to
elect some worthy man in his place, for he has resolved to relin-
quish it and therefore desired that two requests might be granted

Indies; member of the third Parliament of Charles I, 1628; Master
of Rolls 20th April, 1636; died 8th March, 1639; married Mary^
daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas Kemp, of Olanligh in Kent.
Issue: i. Thomas; ii. John; Hi. Dudley, born 1612; B. A., Oxford,
1632; M. A. 1635; poet, linguist and statesman; died ist October, 1643.
His fourth son, Edward, born 1620, was appointed a member of the
Council of the Colony of Virginia 22d November, 1654, and was elected
by the Assembly Governor 30th March, 1655, to succeed Richard Ben-
nett ; served until 13th March, 1658, when he was sent to England as
one of the agents of the colony ; married Elizabeth Bray, and died i6th
March, 1675. In the epitaph upon his tomb, at the family seat, " Belle-
field," distant eight miles from Williamsburg, Virginia, he is described
as **a gentleman of most considerable parts and ingenuity, and the
only promoter of the silk manufacture in this colonic, and in every
thing else a pattern worthy of all pious imitation." He left issue, six
sons and seven daughters, whose blood now intermingles in that of the
best esteemed families of Virginia and the Southern States. Several
of his sons were prominent in the affairs of the colony, one of them,
Dudley, being long a member of the Council, as was also his grandson.
Cole Digges.

^ Maurice Abbott, brother of George Abbott, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, and a wealthy merchant, was knighted in 1620, and commissioned
with Sir Dudley Digges to go to Russia. See preceding note.

•William Canning.

^ Edward Ditchfield, Salter.

4 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

him for all his service done unto them, First, that he might have
their good report according as he hath deserved : and secondly
that his account might be with all speed audited, that before he
dyed, he might see the same cleared, and receive his Quietus est
under the Company's seal. Which the court finding his resolu-
tion to be settled, and that he would not stand in election ; they
proceeded according to the last standing order now read, to make
choice of their Treasurer. Sir Edwin Sandis, Sir John Wolsten-
holme and Mr. Alderman Johnson being nominated and accord-
ingly balloted for, the lot fell to Sir Edwin Sandis to be iheir
Treasurer, he having 59 balls, Sir John Wolstenholme 23 and
Alderman Johnson 18, whereupon his oath was administered.

" Upon the absence of Sir Thomas Smith, the court was moved
by Sir Edwin Sandis, now Treasurer, that in consideration of the
great trouble mixed often with much sorrow which Sir Thomas
Smith had endured, during the term of twelve years past from
the very infancy of the plantation to this present, and had now
surrendered up his place at such time as (by the blessing of God)
there was hopes that the action might proceed and prosper if it
were followed with care and industry requisite for so great at busi-
ness : that, therefore, in some sort according to their abilities it
were fitting to express their thankfulness for his good endeavours
m confering twenty shares upon ; which being put to the question,
it was agreed he should have twenty great shares and was con-
firmed unto him by a general erection of hands.''

The chief business of this meeting was the making appoint-
ments for the ensuing year. Mr. John Ferrar was elected deputy.
The committees and auditors were chosen also.

Weekly meetings were afterwards regularly held. The follow-
ing entries on the 12th of May give information as to the pecu-
niary condition of the company at that time :

**Mr. Treasurer intimated to the court, that whereas Sir
Thomas Smith, at the resigning up his place, should report that
there was ;^4,ooo for the new Treasurer to enter upon, he now
signifieth that it was true if the lotteries were dissolved and the
account given up, but in the interim there resteth but one thousand
pounds in cash, the rest in stock in the hands of him that hath
the managing of the business, and out of this there is debts to
pay, and which shortly will be due to pay the sum of ;^3,700,
vizt., old debts of ten years old ;^ 1,800, and at the return of the

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON.

ships Sir George Yeardley" went in, and the other wherein the
children was transported will amount to ;^i,i48, as also ;^7oo
which is owing to the collection money, which by warrant hath
being issued out for the use of the Company ; and therefore it
was put to the question whether the stock remaining shou'd go
or not to the payment of the Company's debts, which was by
erection of hands allowed it should. And further agreed that
the remainder should be employed either in sending men to the
public land to raise benefit that ways, or in transporting cattle,
which hereafter may seem fittest.

** And forasmuch as there is now remaining in the hands of Ga-
briel Barbor much old plate,- which if the lotteries were finished, the
Company thereby should sustain great loss ; it was therefore now
ordered (unless some can give instant information of any parti-
cular abuse) that the same shall continue to be drawn out till the
last of November next ensuing and then to cease and determine.

" Captain Brewster's^' appeal delivered into court touching the

"Captain George. Yeardley, as President of the Colonial Council, was
left by Sir Thomas Dale as his deputy in the government of Virginia
upon the departure of the latter for England in April, 1616. Yeardley
was superseded by Captain Samuel Argall, 15th May, 1617, and returned
to England. Upon the intelligence of the death of Lord De La Warr,
Yeardley, who was knighted on the occasion, was appointed to succeed
him. He arrived in the colony 19th April, 1619, and assumed the gov-
ernment. July 30, following, the first Legislative Assembly ever held in
America was convened at Jamestown. Yeardley was superseded i8th
November, 162 1, by Sir Francis Wyatt, but resumed the government
17th May, 1626. He died in November following. During his adminis-
tration many important improvements were made, and the power,
population and prosperity of the colony much enhanced. He is reported
in January, 1622, as having built a wind-mill, the first erected in America.
He left a widow. Lady Temperance, and two sons, Francis and Argall,
the first of whom remarkably instanced individual enterprise, effecting,
in 1654, discoveries in North Carolina, and purchasing from the natives,
at a cost of ;f 300, " three great rivers and all such others as they should
like Southerly," which country he took possession of in the name of the
Commonwealth. There are descendants of Sir George Yeardley of his
name in the United States, but none such, it is believed, in Virginia.

"Among the adventurers* names appended to the Conipany*s charter,
dated 23d May, 1609, are those of William Brewster, and Edward, his
son. His father, whose name he bore, had been postmaster at Scrooby,
and soon after the death of the former, he was appointed to the same

6 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

proceedings of Captain Argall against him at the arrival of the
supplies in Virginia referred to Mr. Treasurer and Mr. Deputy
to be by them delivered into the next court and the next quarter-
court to hear the appeal.' *

On the 26th of May, 1619, the following order was taken in
regard to the college :

" It was by Mr. Treasurer propounded to the court as a thing
most worthy to be taken into consideration both for the glory of
God and honour of the Company, that forasmuch as the King, in
his most gracious favour, hath granted his letters to the several
bishops of this kingdom for the collecting of monies to erect and
build a college in Virginia, for the training and bringing up of
infidels' children to the true knowledge of God and understand-
ing of righteousness. And considering what public notice may
be taken in order to sett forward the action, especially of all those
which have contributed to the same, that therefore to begin that
pious work there is already towards it ;^i,5oo or thereabouts,
whereof remaining in cash ;^8oo, the rest is to be answered out
of the stock of the General Company for so much which they
borrowed, besides the likelihood of more to come in ; for Mr.
Treasurer having some conference with the Bishop of Litchfield,
he hath not heard of any collection that hath been for that busi-
ness in his Diocess; but promiseth when he hath a warrant
thereunto, he will with all diligence further the enterprise; where-
upon he conceived it the fittest, that as yet they should not build
the college, but rather forbear a while, and begin first with the
means they have to provide and settle an annual revenue, and
out of that to begin the erection of the said college. And for
the performance hereof, also moved that a certain piece of land
be laid out at Henrico, being the place formerly resolved, of which
should be call'd the college land, and for the planting of the

position, which he held until non-conformity led him, in 1609, to go
to Holland. Edward was employed by Lord Delaware, and was ban-
ished from Virginia by Argall. In August, 1619, Secretary Naunton,
referring to the father, subsequently Elder of New Plymouth, writes:
** Brewster, frightened back into the Low Countries, his son has con-
formed and comes to Church." Edward Brewster remained in London.
His name appears among members present at meetings of the Virginia
Company in i623-*24. He and Henry, in 1635, were booksellers near
the north door of St. Paul's, and at a later period he was treasurer of
the Stationers* Company. — NeilVs Virginia Company ^ pages 41, 187.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 7

same send presently fifty good persons to be seated thereon^ and
to occupy the same according to order, and to have half the
benefit of their labour, and the other half to go in setting forward
the work, and for maintenance of the tutors and scholars ; he
therefore propounded that a ship might be provided against the
beginning of August, to carry those fifty men with their provi-
sions, as also to send fifty persons more to the common land,
which may raise a stock for paying of duties there, and defraying
the Company's charge here, and to send provision of victuals
with them for a year. And for the defraying the charge hereof
did also propound the- means ; first for the college there was
money in cash, and besides it may save the joint stock the send-
ing out a ship this year, which for 4^ a pound they will bring
from thence all their tobacco which may arise to five hundred
pounds besides nioney that may come in otherwise to help to
bear the charge of the voyage, which proposition was well liked,
but the time and season not allowed of all; and by some objected,
that the General Plantation shou'd receive much wrong if more
men were sent over so suddenly, before those that are already
gone have procured wherewithall to subsist, as also being a matter
of great consequence it did more properly belong to the deciding
of a quarter-court ; but the former reasons being answered, and
being further alledged if it were till then prolonged, the time
wou'd be past for their provisions of beef, beer, and meat ; where-
upon, after long arguing or disputing thereof, it was agreed to be
put to the question ; which being propounded whether a ship
shou'd be set out to carry men for these two good uses, and be
set out at the public charge (vizt.), with fifty passengers for the
college land, and fifty for the common land, it was by general con-
sent and erection of hands allowed and confirmed."

The next quarter-court was held at Mr. Ferraris house in
Sethe*s Lane the 9th of June, 1619, and was well attended.
There were present the Right Honorable —

The Lord Cavendish, Henry, Earl of Southampton,

The Lord Pagett, Robert, Earl of Warwick,

General Cecill, Sir William Throckmorton,

Mr. Treasurer, Sir Nathaniel Rich,"

^' Robert Rich, of Standon, Essex, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
Thomas Dutton, and had two sons, Robert and Nathaniel. John Dut-

X-

O ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Anthony Au^r,

Sir John Merrick, Sir Thomas Cheeke,

Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir John Sams,

Sir John Dauers, Sir John Wolstenholme,

Sir Thomas Gates," Sir William Russell,

Mr. John Wroth, Sir Thomas Wilford,

Mr. Alderman Johnson, Mr. Humphrey Handford,

Mr. George Sandis, Mr. William Bell,

Mr. Morris Abbott, Mr. Richard Rogers,

Mr. John Farrar, Deputie, Mr. Anthony Abdy,

Mr. Thomas Gibbs, Mr. William Essington,

Mr. Henry Reynolds, Mr. William Caninge,

Mr. Richard Tomlins, Mr. George Swinhowe,

Mr. George Thorpe,** Mr. Steward,

Mr. William Oxenbrigg, Mr. Ferrar, Junior,

Dr. Francis Anthony," Mr. Ditchfield,

ton, the executor of Robert Rich, writing to Sir Nathaniel Rich, speaks
of his " sister Ruth," probably the widow of Robert. Robert Rich was
dead i8th October, 1620,— Neill's Virginia Feti^sfa^ psLge 67.

" Sir Thomas Gates, a patentee named in the first charter to the Vir-
ginia Company, was a Captain in the English army, and, by leave,
served in the United Netherlands in 1608. He sailed for Virginia with
the title of Lieutenant-General, accompanied by his wife and two
daughters (one of whom subsequently married Thomas Dauber), ist
June, 1609, in the *'Sea Venture," with colonists and supplies. The
vessel being shipwrecked on the Bermudas, they were detamed there
some months, during which the wife of Gates died. He arrived at
Jamestown, 23d May, 1609, and assumed the government of the colony
until the arrival of Lord De La Warr, on the loth of June following.
Gates was. sent to England the same year, and returned to the colony
with supplies in August, 161 1. He remained as Governor until March,
1613, when he finally departed for England.

" George Thorpe was deputy of the College lands in Virginia, and a
member of the Council in 1621. He was slain by the Indians in the
massacre of 22d March, 1622.

"Francis Anthony, a famous empiric, was born in London, 1550;
educated at Cambridge, where he studied chemistry, which he applied
to a lucrative purpose in London by the sale of a medicine said to be
prepared from gold and called " Aurum Potabile." He was imprisoned
for prescribing and vending physic without a license, but was set at
liberty by the Lord Chief Justice Being again apprehended and fined
heavily for the same offence, he published a defence of himself in. a

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 9

Dr. Gulstone/' Mr. Henry Briggs,

Dr, Thomas Winstone, Mr. Wiseman,

Captain Samuel ArgoU " Mr. George Chambers.

Latin Treatise entitled "Medicinae Chymicae." Cambridge, 1610. He
died extremely wealthy, 26th May, 1623. He had two sons, Charles,
who settled at Bedford, and John, M. D., author of ** Lucas Redivivus;
or the Gospell Physitian; prescribing (by way of Mediation) Divine
Physick to prevent Diseases not yet entered upon the'SoUl, and to cure
those Maladies which have already seized upon the Spirit," 4to, 1656.
His portrait is prefixed to the book.

"Theodore Goulston, or Gulston, M. D., born in Northamptonshire,
and educated at Merton College, Oxford, where he took his Doctor's
degree. 1610 ; after which he became Fellow and Censor of the College
of Physicians. He practiced in London with great reputation, and
founded a lecture to be delivered yearly in the College ; died 4th May,
1632. His works are " Versio Latina et paraphrasis in Aristotilis rhe-
toricam**; •'Aristotilis de Poetica liber Latine Con versus et analytica
methoda illustratus "; " Versio variae Lectiones, et Annotationes criticae
in Opuscula varin.Galina."

** Captain Samuel Argall, born at Bristol, 1572, was a relative of Sir
Thomas Smith. He first arrived in Virginia, at Jamestown, in July,
1609, with a ship-load of wine and provisions to trade on private
account, and to fish for sturgeon contrary to the regulations of the
Company. The colonists, suffering for provisions, seized his supplies.
He remained in the colony until 19th June, 1610, when he sailed in the
" Discovery " for the Bermudas for provisions for the colony in com-
pany with the vessel of Sir George Somers, from whom, however, he
was soon separated in a violent storm. Being driven northward, he
came to anchor, he came to anchor in a great bay, which he named
Delaware Bay. He soon made his way back to Jamestown, and about
Christmas, sailing up the Potomac to trade with the natives, recovered
froifi Jopassus, (a brother of Powhatan,) a captive English boy, Henry
Spilman, who afterwards wrote a narrative of his captivity, which was
printed from the original narrative by J. F. Hunnewell, of Charlestown,
Massachusetts, in 1872. In February, 161 1, Argall attacked the Chief
of the Warroskoyaks for a breach of contract, and burned two of his
towns. Early in 1613, he bribed Jopassus with a brass kettle, to deliver
Pocahontas into his hands, designing to hold her for a ransom. In 1614,
under orders from Sir Thomas Dale, Argall broke up the French settle-
ment at Mount Desert, on the coast of Maine, causing a war between
the French and English colonists. He also destroyed the French set-
tlements at St. Croix and Port Royal. He now sailed for England,
where he arrived in June, 1614. He returned to Virginia as Deputy
Governor 15th May, 1617, with a purpose to traffic in violation of the

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Virginia Company of London.

The annual records of the Treasurer and Company (of which
we have copies in this country) commence with the proceedings
of a quarter-court held at Sir Thomas Smith's house, in Phil-
pot Lane, the 28th of April, 1619, when were present Right
Honorable —

The Earl of Southampton,^
The Earl of Warwick,*

Sir Nathaniel Rich,
Sir John Wolstenholme,

^ Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton, K. G., was educated
at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and succeeded to the title on his father*s
death in 1581 ; was an intimate friend of the Earl of Essex, who made
him General of Horse in Ireland ; having united in that Earl's insur-
rection, he was sent to the Tower in 1598, but was released upon the
accession of James I ; was soon after made a Knight of the Garter
and Captain of the Isle of Wight; member of the Privy Council, 1619 ;
his freedom of speech in the House of Lords placed him under restraint
after 1621 ; colonel of one of the four regiments s^nt for the defence of
the Palatinates, 1624 ; and there, after having lost his son, Lord Wrio-
thesley, his own life was sacrificed, he dying at Bergen ap Zoom loth
November, 1624. He was a patron of Shakespeare, and one of the
contributors to the expedition, under Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, in
the Concord in 1602.

* Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick, obtained considerable celeb-
rity during the Civil Wars, when he was Admiral for the Long Par-
liament, and was much in the confidence of Cromwell. He died 29th
May, 1659.

12 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

A captain thought fit to be considered of to take the charge of
such people as are to be planted on the college land.

All the people at this first sending, except some few to be sent
as well for planting the college as the public land, to be single
men, unmarried.

A warrant to be made and directed to Sir Thomas Smith for
the payment of the collection money to Sir Edwin Sandis, Treas-
urer, and that Dr. Gulstone should be entreated to present unto
my Lord's Grace of Canterbury such letters to be signed for the
speedy paying the monies from every Diocess, which yet remain
unpaid.

The several sorts of tradesmen and others for the college land:

Smiths, Potters,

Carpenters, Husbandmen,

Bricklayers, Brickmak^rs,
Turners.

Mr. Wroth was now added to the committee.

On the 7th of July, 1619, the magazine ship being returned
from Virginia, and a packet of writings received from Abraham
Persey," the cape merchant, but not any letter yet received from
Sir George Yeardley, the governor, the same was now presented
to this court, wherein the packet was contained a general letter
to the adventurers; an invoice of the goods now come home; a
bill of lading ; a certificate of the misdemeanors of one Showell
who was sent to assist the cape merchant; a note of such goods
as the country standeth in need of; an invoice of the goods which
were laden by the George, 161 7 ; an account of the same goods;
two bills of exchange to Sir John Wolstenholme, and a note of
money which the mariners oweth to the said adventurers.

The general letter being now read, it was moved by Mr. Treas-
urer that two points especially therein might be taken into con-
sideration.

Whether it be convenient that liberty be given to the cape
merchant according as he desireth to charter and sell the com-
-

" Abraham Piersey was a member of the Council of Virginia in 1624.
His will dated ist March, 1626 (O. S.), is given in Neiirs Virginia Caro-
lorumy pages 404-6. His wife, Frances, daughters, Elizabeth and Mary,
sister, Judith Smithson, and brother, John Piersey, are mentioned.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 18

modities as he can, and as is usual in free trading : as also liberty
to the inhabitants there to barter and sell their commodities.

That as he writeth he is overcharged with abundance of need-
less commodities, and wantelh ploughs and other necessaries,
which he hath often writ for, that it might be thought of how to
be remedyed.

On the 13th the following order was taken :

" Forasmuch as the collector for tobacco refuseth to deliver the
tobacco now come home unless the Company will pay twelve
pence custom upon every pound weight, which is double above
the book of rates, the same being but six pence, and also being
freed by his Majesty's letters patents of impost and custom,
saving five per cent., it is now agreed that a petition shall be
drawn to the Lords, commissioners of the treasury, and have
desired my Lord of Warwick, Sir Nathaniel Rich, Mr. Alderman
Johnson, and Mr. Brooke, to attend their lordships upon Friday
next, in the afternoon, for the clearing of the same.

At the setting of the court, on the 21st of July, there was pre-
sented to the treasurer by an unknown hand a letter from one
desiring *'to remain unknown and unsought after,*' who ex-
pressed gratification at the beginning giveil to the foundation of
the college in Virginia, and desired an acceptance of these things:

A communion cup with the cover and case.

A luncher plate for the bread.

A carpet of crimson velvet.

A linen damask table-cloth.

Sir John Wolstenholme moved the court in the behalf of Mar-
tin's Hundred, that in consideration of the loss they have sus-
tained by the Guift, which they set out, that they might have
shares in Virginia for every 12-10-00 they have therein spent,
which, if the court would please to grant, it would encourage
them to sett out fifty men more in convenient time, which he
desired might be put to the question.

To the which, reply was made by Sir Edwin Sandis, Treasurer,
that having been privately acquainted with this motion, and
having thoroughly weighed it, he could not give way unto for
four reasons :

First, it was contrary to his Majesty's letters patents.

Secondly, it was repugnant to the standing orders of the
Company.

14 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Thirdly, it failed of the very end it aimed at, for it was not any
advancement to the planting of Martin's Hundred. "^

Fourthly, it was prejudicial, and that in a high degree, to the
general plantation, and to the strength, peace and prosperity of
the colony.

He began with the second reason, as being fresh in memory,
and reading the orders in title of grants, he showed that all lands
were to be granted either to planters in Virginia by their persons,
or to adventurers by their purses, or by extraordinary merits of
service. That the adventurers by their purses, were they pnly
and their assignees, who paid in their several shares of 12-10-00
to the common treasurer for the charges of transporting men to
the private lands of the adventurers, there was also allowance
made to them of fifty acres the person ; but no further allowance
for such private expenses as were now demanded.

Then be came to the first reason, and showed that these orders
were not newly devised, but taken out of the letters patents —
viz : the second and third, divers passages of which he there
openly read, importing that the lands in Virginia were to be
divided amongst the adventurers by money or service, and the
planters in person, and that he is to be reputed an adventurer by
money, who payeth it into the Company's treasury, insomuch
that if any man be admitted for an adventurer, and have paid
in no money to the common treasury, he is to be compelled
thereto by suit of law ; yea, though he never subscribed to any
such payment as is expressly set down in the third letters patents.

Thirdly, he shewed it was not beneficial to them of Martin's
Hundred in point of advantaging their particular plantation, for
the benefit grew not by a bare title to land, but by cultivating
and peopling it so to reap profit; now of such land it was in every
adventurers' power to have as much as he pleased without any
other payment : for if an adventurer (for examples' sake) who
had but one share of one hundred acres would send over twenty
men to inhabit and occupy it, fewer at this day will not do it, he
was, by the orders already established, to have for these twenty an

*'So named from Captain John Martin, said to have been a brother-
in-law of Sir Julius Caesar, Master of the Rolls ; one of the original
Councillors in 1607; nominated July 7, 1610, as Master of the Iron-
Works ; Burgess for Martin-Brandon in 1619 ; was for a quarter of a
century prominent in Virginia and England.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 15

addition of i,ooo acres of land upon a first division, and as much
more upon a second ; and if then he would also people his i,ooo
acres with ten score men more, he were to have another division
of 10,000 acres more upon a first division and as much more
upon a second division, and so forward to what extent of land
himself should desire. On the other side, to enlarge a man's
right to new land, and not to make use and profit of the old, were
to increase a matter of opinion rather than of realty, and a
shadow rather than a substance.

Lastly, he said it was prejudicial to the general plantation in
many points of importance, first, in matter of strength, for those
titles to great extent of land, so to keep others from it, would be
a great weakening to the colony by disjoining the parts of it one
so far from another. Vis vintafortior.

Again it would be a great discouragement to new particular
plantations, if either they must sit down of bad land, the best
being all taken up before in titles, or seek a seat far off remote
from help and society: besides whereas by the orders now estab-
lished, men are to encrease their own lands there by transporting
of people, and so by increasing the colony in strength and multi-
tude the virtue and good intent of this order will be defeated if
men may have their lands increased without such transportation
and only by favour and plurality of voices in court.

Now, as this motion is prejudicial to the strength and increase
of the plantation, so is it also to the peace thereof, orood govern-
ment and justice. It is not just that a man should be paid twice
for the same thing ; for the men transported they have already
allowance of land 50 acres the person, whether dead or living :
and the charges now spoken of was but in transporting those
men : It is not just that things equal should be unequally valued :
as Martin's Hundred hath been at great charge so have divers
other hundreds, so have also been many particular persons; Cap-
tain Bargrave alone hath bought and set out divers ships ; if,
besides the persons transported, he shall have allowance of land
over again for all his charges, perhaps he may take up a great
part of the river : what may my Lord Lawarr do ? Sir Thomas
Gates and Sir Thomas Dale,** besides a multitude of others, who

** Thomas Dale, a soldier of distinction in the Low Countries, knighted
by James I, in June. 1608, as Sir Thomas Dale, of Surrey ; sailed with

16 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

have spent a large portion of their estates therein, and are not
thought on? If all these men come in with their accounts for all
their time, what a confusion and disturbance will ensue thereon ?
Shall we deny that to them which we allow to ourselves ? Or
shall we admit of their demands and set them out land accord-
ingly ? How, then, shall we proceed in examining their accounts ?
How may they be cleared ? When would they be ended ? This
course is a labyrinth and has no issue.

He concluded, that he had always favoured the desires of Mar-
tin's Hundred, but for this particular he would not approve it:
however, if men were not satisfied with these reasons, he would
be well content that the matter might be referred to a quarter-
court, unto which it did more properly belong ; and that in the
meantime it might be referred to the consideration of a grave
committee to be indifferently chosen out of the Generality and
Council.

Upon which, Sir Edward Harwood propounded that for satis-

the appointment of " High Marshall *' from England, 17th March, 1611,
and arriving at Jamestown 19th May, superseded George Percy as
Governor of Virginia ; received a three years' leave of absence from
the States-General, which in 1614 was extended Under an extraor-
dinary code of ''Lawes, Divine, Morall and Martial!," compiled by
William Strachey, Dale inaugurated vigorous measures for the govern-
ment and advancement of the colony. He planted a new settlement
at Henrico, remedied to some extent the pernicious system of a com-
munity of property by allotting to each settler three acres of land to be
worked for his individual benefit ; planted *• comon gardens for hempe
and flaxe and such other seedes," and conquered the Appomattox In-
dians, and took their town. He was superseded by Sir Thomas Gates
in August, 161 1, but continued to take an active part in the affairs of
the colony, and on Gates's return to England in March, 1613, he re-
sumed the government. It was under his auspices that the marriage
of John Rolfe and Pocahontas was consummated, and this politic ex-
ample he singularly attempted to follow himself, though he had a wife
(Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Throckmorton, Knight, of Tal-
worth, Gloucestershire, and brother of Sir William, member of the East
India Company) living in England. He sent Ralph Hamor to Pow-
hatan with a request for the younger sister of Pocahontas, a girl scarce
twelve years old, but his overtures were disdainfully rejected. Dale re-
turned to England in 1616. He was in Holland in February, 1617, and
in January, 1619, was made Commodore of the East Indian fleet, and
had an engagement with the Dutch near Bantam. His health gave
way under the climate, and he died early in 1620.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 17

faction and encouragement of Martin's Hundred, there might be
some quantity of land bestowed upon them by way of gratuity
and service, which was generally well liked, and the accomplish-
ment thereof referred to the next quarter-court, and in the mean-
time the matter should be prepared by a select committee.

And whereas, the said Sir John Wolstenholme long since lent
the Company at one time ;^300 and at another ;^ioo, and after a
long time received it in again by little sums, that therefore, in
consideration thereof and that he received no interest for the
same, he moved that the court would recompense his kindness by
giving him some land ; which was now thought reasonable, if the
quarter-court (as they do not doubt) shall allow thereof.

Upon some dispute of the Polonians, resident in Virginia, it
was now agreed (notwithstanding any former order to the con-
trary) that they shall be enfranchised and made as free as any
inhabitant there whatsoever. And because their skill in making
pitch and tar and soap ashes shall not dye with them, it is agreed
that some young men shall be put unto them to learn their skill
and knowledge therein for the benefit of the country hereafter.

October the 20th, 161 9, "a letter from his majesty being sent
to Mr. Treasurer and council for the sending divers dissolute
persons to Virginia, which Edward Zouch, Knight Marshall, will
give information of ; after the Council had perused, the same was
brought to the board and read to the company, who, considering
there was no present means of transporting them to Virginia,
thought fit to reserve the full answer to his Majesty's letter till
the next court, when, with the Lords and Mr. Treasurer, it might
be agreed how his Majesty's commands might most speedily be
effected.'* In the meanwhile. Sir John Dauers promised to ac-
quaint Mr. Secretary Calvert and Sir Edward Zouch the reason
that they gave not present answer to his majesty's gracious letter.

November 3d, 1619, "according to the reference in the last
court, his Majesty's letter was taken into most dutiful considera-
tion, and it was agreed with all conveniency to fulfill his majesty's
command, and to send them over to be servants, which will be
very acceptable to the inhabitants, as Mr. Treasurer hath under-
stood from them, and in the meantime till they may be sent,
which will be about January. Mr. Treasurer shewed that in the
like case the Lord Mayor had been solicited to give order for the
keeping of them in Bridewell, which was answered to be per-

18 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

formed already, and the court desired Mr. Treasurer to give his
Majesty an answer by Mr. Secretary Calvert." *

Propositions of importance were now made by the treasurer
and explained by him. They were again mentioned in a pre-
positive court the 15th of November, and last over before the
judgment of a great and general quarter-court concerning them.
Such a court was held the 17th of November, at which were
present the Right Honourable —

Henry, Earl of Southampton, Sir Ferdinand Georges,"^

Robert, Earl of Warwick, Sir John Dauers,

The Lord Cavendish, Sir Henry Ranisford,

The Lord Sheffield, Sir Thomas Wilford,

The Lord Pagett, Sir Robert Winchfield,

Sir Edwin Sandis, Knight Sir Thomas Cheeke,

Treasurer, Sir Nathaniel Rich,

Sir Thomas Roe, Sir Thomas Wroth,

Richard Tomlins, Sir John Wolstenholme,"

Sir Dudley Diggs, Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe,

Sir Francis Popham,* Dr. Francis Anthony,

Sir Thomas Gates, Dr. Theod. Gulstone,

Dr. Thomas Winstone, Dr. Lawrence Bohun,"

* George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, bom at Stripling, Yorkshire,
1562, and educated at Trinity College, Oxford, after which he went
abroad, and on his return entered into the service of Secretary Cecil, who
became High Treasurer. James I made him one of the clerks of the
Privy Council, and in 1619 he was appointed Secretary of State. In 1625
he was created Lord Baltimore and had a grant of land in Newfound-
land ; which settlement being abandoned in consequence of the ravages
committed by the French, he obtained another grant in Virginia where
was founded the colony of Maryland. He died 15th April, 1632.

*Sir Francis Popham was a patentee of New England, and a mem-
ber of Parliament in 1620.

" Sir Ferdinando Georges, the patentee of the Plymouth Company.

•• Sir John Wolstenholme, a prominent London merchant, who as-
sisted in settling Kent Island in Chesapeake Bay, in 1632 built a church
at Slanmore, near London, and dying, aged 77, was buried there, 25th
November, 1639.

• Dr. Lawrence Bohun studied his profession in the Low Countries,
and came to Virginia in 1610, and was made Physician -General to the
colony in 161 1. In March of that year Lord De La Warr, who was
seriously ill, sailed from Virginia to the West Indies for his health.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 19

Henry Reignolds, Mr. Roberts,

August Steward, Mr. George Smith,

Mr. Boulton, Mr. Cranmer,

Thomas Wells, Mr. Melinge.

Edward Brewster, Mr. Whitley,

Mr. John Ferrar, Deputy, Mr. Morer,

Mr. Hanford, Mr. Ditchfield,

Mr. Clitheroe, Mr. Edwards,

Mr. Nicholas Ferrar,*® Mr. Wiseman,

Mr. Henry Briggs, Mr. Shepherd,

accompanied by Dr. Bohun. Bohun, with James Swifte and others, in
February, 1619, received a grant of land for the transportation of three
hundred persons to the colony. Bohun being slain in an engagement
with a Spanish man-of-war, March 17, 1621, was succeeded as physician
by Dr. John Pott. Of the medical predecessors of Bohun in Virginia,
Dr. Thomas Wootton was Surgeon -General in 1607, and in 1608 Dr.
Walter Russell is mentioned by Captain John Smith as being with him
and rendering him professional service during the making of the survey
of the Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac river. He attended an Indian
chief who had been shot in the knee, a brother of Hassiningee, King
of one of the four nations of the Mannahooks. In 1608, also, Anthony
Brgnall was surgeon of the fort, and for the settlers at Jamestown and
the vicinity.

** Nicholas Ferrar, third son of Nicholas Ferrar, (a London merchant,
who was engaged in commercial enterprises with Sir Thomas and Sir
Hugh Middleton, and lived in style in London, dispensing a generous
hospitality, the Company meeting at his house; he also entertained
Sir John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh and others,
and Mary his wife, daughter of Lawrence Wodenoth, of Cheshire, and
probably a relative of Arthur Wodenoth, a member of the Company,
who prepared a brief narrative of the corporation from its organi-
zation to its dissolution, which, after his death, was published in 165 1,)
was born 22d February, 1592, graduated B. A. ; accompanied to Ger-
many Lady Elizabeth, wife of the Palgrave ; upon his return to Eng-
land, through the recommendation of Sir Edwin Sandys, he was made a
member of a particular committee by the Earl of Southampton, and sub-
sequently a member of the Council, in which he succeeded his brother
John qs Deputy-Governor; member of Parliament in 1624. Retiring
from active life to the Lordship of Little Gidding in Huntingtonshire,
where his mother, his favorite sister, and her husband Collett, and forty
other relatives lived, he was ordained Deacon by Archbishop Laud,
and passed his remaining days in religious duties ; died 2d December,
1637. He was a man of much learning and personal worth. He was a
descendant of Robert Ferrar, Bishop of St. Davids, who was burned as

20 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Canning, Mr. Mansel,'*

Mr. Bland, Mr. Berblock,

Mr. Bull, Philip Chidley, Esq.,

Mr. Keightly, John Wroth,

Mr. Chambers, Thomas Gibbs,

Mr. Palmer, ' George Sandis,

Mr. Rogers, Arthur Bromfield,

Mr. Covell, John Bargrave,

Mr. Boothby, Captain Samuel Argoll,

Mr. Bernard," Mr. Caswell,

At the request of some of the noblement present, the Treas-
urer now again related his propositions :

" He declared that his care and duty, running jointly for the
advancement of this noble plantation, his desire carried him
chiefly to the restoring the publick, which was now decayed, and
the reforming of some errors, which had directed their charges
and the labours of the colony to a wrong and unworthy course,
and greatly to the disgrace and hurt of the plantation: For

a heretic 30th March. 1655. Wm. Farrar, a younger brother, born 1593,
Barrister, came to Virginia in 1618; Member of the Council 1623-33;
Commissioner of Henrico and Charles City counties ; married Cicely,
widow of .^amuel Jordan, of Charles City county, who died in 1623.
Farrar died before nth June, 1637, as, on that date, two thousand
acres of land in Henrico county were granted to his son and heir,
William, subsequently Colonel. A daughter of the last married Wal-
ter Shipley, of Charles City county, who died before 1690. She was
alive in 1700. The family has intermarried with many others of promi-
nence in Virginia, including the Field, Jefferson, Royall, Branch and
others, and is still quite numerously represented. Thomas Jefferson
mentions in his will, dated 17311 his daughter, Judith Farrar.

^^ Thomas Bernard was granted 1,050 acres of land in Warwick county
i6th December, 1641, and William Bernard, who was a member of the
Council in Virginia in 1642, and subsequently styled Colonel, 1,200
acres in Isle of Wight the same year. He married Lucy, the widow of
Lewis Burwell, of *' Carter's Grove," who survived him, and married,
thirdly, Philip Ludwell.

•' Sir Robert Mansell, Treasurer of the Navy and Vice- Admiral. In
1624 he obtained a patent for the exclusive manufacture of glass, by
the use of sea or pit coal, and revolutionized the glass trade. In 1638,
although advanced in years, he was present at the launching of a
vessel. For many years he was a director of the East India Company.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 21

whereas, not much above three years ago, there were returned
from Virginia twelve several commodities sold openly in court
to the great honour of the action and encouragement of the
adventurers; since that time there hath been but little returned,
worth the speaking of, save tobacco and sassaphras, which the
people there, wholly applying, had by this misgovernment
reduced themselves into an extremity of being ready to starve
(unless the magazine this last year had supplied them with
corn and cattle from hence) to the stopping and great dis-
couragement of many hundreds of people, who were providing
themselves to remove to plant in Virginia. The cause of
this error he would not insist upon, as loth to give offence
by glance of speech to any, but for remedy thereof (be-
sides often letters sent from the Council lately to the Cover-
nour for restraint of that immoderate following of tobacco
and to cause the people to apply themselves to other and better
commodities), he had also, by the advice of his Majesty's Council
here, and according to one of the new orders now propounded,
caused a new covenant to be drawn and to be inserted into all
patents of land hereafter to be granted, that the patentees should
not apply themselves wholly or chiefly to tobacco, but to other
commodities specified in the said covenant, an example whereof
they should see in the patent lying before them to be passed in
this court to Mr. John Delbridge and his associates. Now, touch-
ing the public, he was first to present to their remembrance how,
by the admirable industry of two worthy knights. Sir Thomas
Gates and Sir Thomas Dale, it was set forward in a way to great
perfection, whereof the former. Sir Thomas Gates, had the honour
to all posterity to be the first named in his Majesty's patent of
grant of Virginia, and was the first who, by his wisdom, valour
and industry, accompanied with exceeding pains and patience in
the midst of so many difficulties, laid a foundation of that pros-
perous estate of the colony, which afterward in the virtue of those
beginnings did proceed. The latter, Sir Thomas Dale, building
upon those foundations with great and constant severity, re-
claimed almost miraculously those idle and disorded people, and
reduced them to labour and an honest fashion of life, and pro-
ceeding with great zeal to the good of this Company, set up the
common garden to yield them a standing revenue, placed servants
upon it, as also upon other publick works for the Company's use,.

22 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

established an annual rent of corn from the farmers, of tribute
corn from the barbarians, together with a great flock of kine>
goats, and other cattle, being the goods of the Company for the
service of the publick, which hath since been the occasion of
drawing so many particular plantations to seat in Virginia upon
hope and promise of plenty of corn and cattle to be lent them
from the publick for their ease and benefit upon their first
arrival.

"But since their times, all these publick provisions having
been laid waste by such means as hereafter in due time shall
appear. It has been his principal care in those places, wherein
it has pleased the Company to command his service, to set up the
publick again, in as great or greater height than heretofore it had ;
the maintaining of the publick in all estates being of no less im-
portance, even for the benefit of the private, than the root and
body of a tree are to the particular branches ; and therefore to
present to them all in one view both what had already been done,
and what yet remained to be perfected, he recalled to their remem-
brance, how, by their commission sent by Sir George Yeardley,
they had appointed 3,000 acres of land to be set out for the Gov-
ernor so to ease the Company henceforward of all charge in
maintaining him ; 12,000 acres of land to be the common land of
the Company ; vizt. 3,000 in each of the four old burroughs,
10,000 acres of land for the University, to be planted at Henrico,
of which 1,000 for the college for the conversion of infidels. The
next care was for the planting tenants upon these lands ; in Jan-
uary last there went with Sir George Yeardley fifty tenants for the
Governor's land, transported at the Company's and furnished at
his own charge, and six he found remaining of Captain Argoll's
guard ; in the March afterward there were sent twenty to the
Company's land by Mr. Lawne, whereof he hath delivered yet but
fifteen, for want of performance to him of loan of corn and cattle;
four more were sent by the Trial!, and three Sir George Yeardley
found in the country. In the beginning of August last, in the
Bona Nova, were sent 100 persons for publick service, chosen
with great care and extraordinarily furnished, whereof 50 for the
Company's land and 50 for the college land, so that making de-
duction of some few that are dead, there were, he hoped, at this
day 174 persons placed as tenants upon the publick.

" Therefore, his first proposition was, that the Company would

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 28

be pleased that these tenants for the publick might be encreased
up to the number of three hundred this next spring, vizt : one
hundred for the Governor's, one hundred for the Company's, and
one hundred for the college land, which (if he be truly informed
by those who best should know it), being rightly employed, will
not yield less than the value of three thousand pounds yearly
revenue for these publick Reve., and because care both hath
been, and shall be taken, that divers stayed persons and of good
conditions, have been and shall be sent amongst them; his second
proposition was, that for their ease and commodiousness, there
might be one hundred young persons to be their apprentices, in
the charges whereof he hoped this honourable city would par-
take with the Company as they formerly had done; and because
he understood that the people thither transported, though seated
there in their persons for some few years, are not settled in their
minds to make it their place of rest and continuance, but having
gotten some wealth there, to return again into England. For
the remedying of that mischief, and establishing of a perpetuity
to the plantation, he advised and made it his third proposition,
to send them over one hundred young maids to become wifes,
that wifes, children and families might make them the less move-
able and settle them, together with their posterity, in that soil.

" His next proposition was, for the manner of transporting
these persons thus to make up five hundred for the publick land,
wherein he advised that they should not as heretofore hire ship-
ping for this purpose, whereof every ship at its return in bare
fraught and wages emptied the cash of ;^8oo and sometimes
;^i,ooo, but that they should, as they had already done this pre-
sent year, take the opportunity of these ships trading to New-
foundland, and so to transport them at six pounds a person
without after reckonings.

" A fifth proposition was for the sending of twenty heifers upon
every one hundred of these tenants, threescore in the whole,
which he hoped might be done, taking the opportunity of ship-
ping in the western parts at ;^io a head, ;^6oo in the whole.

" Lastly, touching the charges, he related particularly, as for-
merly he had done, divers great encouragements of supply to
come in ; he estimated the whole charge at four thousand pounds
to be done sparingly, and bountifully at ;^5,ooo ; he promised
not to leave the Company one penny in debt for anything in his

24 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

year to be performed ; and, moreover, that he would discharge
;^3,ooo of former debts and reckonings according to the stock
left in the lotteries at his coming to this place. This done, he
hoped the publick would be again well restored, a foundation
laid for a future great state, the adventurers and planters well-
encouraged and comforted, all manner of scandal and reproach
removed, and so he would commend the action to the blessing
of God. These propositions after some pause, receiving no op-
position, were put to the question and received the general ap-
probation of the court.

'' Also he acquainted, that in setting forward part of his propo-
sitions now confirmed, he had to that purpose been with the lord
mayor, who found him to be as willing to pleasure the Company
as he desired, withal desired to have their minds in writing the
Court of Aldermen and the Common Council may the better
understand them, which being now ready drawn was read and
allowed of, the copy of which ensueth :

" * To the Right Honourable Sir William Cockain^ Knight L,ord
Mayor of the city of London^ and the Right Worshipful, the
Aldermen, his brethren, and the Worshipful, the Common
Council of the said city :

" ' The Treasurer, Council and Company of Virginia, assembled
in their great and general court the 17th of November, 161 9. have
taken into consideration the continual great forwardness of this
honourable city in advancing the plantation of Virginia and par-
ticularly in furnishing out one hundred children this last year,
which by the goodness of God there safely arrived (save such as
died in the way), and are well pleased, we doubt not, for their
benefit, for which your bountiful assistance we, in the name of
the whole plantation, do yield unto you due and deserved thanks.

" * And forasmuch as we have now resolved to send this next
spring large supplies for the strength and increasing of the colony,
styled by the name of the London colony, and find that the
sending of those children to be apprentices hath been very grate-

*' A distinguished merchant ; sheriff in 1609 ; chief of the new com-
pany of merchant adventurers, which gave King James a great banquet
22d June, 1609, at his house, and where he was then knighted ; died in
1626, and the distinguished poet and divine, John Donne, preached his
funeral sermon.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LO^DO^r""^ 25

fill to the people; we pray your Lordship and the rest in pursuit
of your so pious actions to renew your like favour and furnish us
again with one hundred more for the next spnng ; our desire is
that we may have them of twelve years old and upwards with
allowance of three pounds apiece for their transportation and forty
shillings apiece for their apparel, as was formerly granted ; they
shall be apprentices, the boys till they come to 21 years of age,
the girls till the like age or till they be married, and afterwards
they shall be placed as tenants upon the publick land with best
conditions, where they shall have houses with stock of corn and
cattle to begin with, and afterward the moiety of all increase and
profit whatsoever ; and so we leave this motion to your honoura-
ble and grave consideration. '

" Moreover that he hath drawn a publication which, if it were
liked, desired that it might be put in print, being for the enter-
tainment of good and sufficient labourers and husbandmen, arti-
ficial and manual trades to be set out at the time formerly specified
unto the public and college land, which being read and put to the
quesuon, was ratified by erection of hands.

** After this he signified that according to the desire of the last
court he had been with Mr, Secretary Calvert and delivered the
Company's answer touching the transporting of men prest by
his Majesty, which gave not full satisfaction, for the King's desire
admitted of no delays, but forthwith to have 50 of the 100 ship't
away with all speed, notwithstanding the many inconveniences
which Mr. Treasurer alleged would hereby accrue unto the Com-
pany, that they could not go in less than four ships, for fear they
being many together may draw more unto them and so mutiny
and carry away the ships, which would stand the Company in
;^4,ooo, and they not suddenly to be gotten at this time of the
year, but all not serving the turn, he told them what a pinch he
was put unto and therefore desired their council and advice.

" Whereupon divers ways being thought upon and considered,
the court could find no more fitter or satisfactory answer than
this : that the Company would be at the charge to maintain them
till there could be shipping provided, if so be they were com-
manded to do it; and therefore have appointed a committee of
select merchants to employ their whole endeavours for the com-
passing of shipping with all speed possible, namely, Mr. Deputy
Fcrrar, Mr. Keightley, Mr. Wiseman, Mr. Cranmer, Mr. Bull,

26 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Shepherd and Mr. Melinge, and to that end Mr. Treasurer
was content the eight hundred pounds adventured by the general
stock in the magazine should remain there to be employed to
those uses from time to time^ whereunto if they pleased there
should be two hundred pounds more added out of the cash in
his custody, which thousand pounds to be only for the satisfying
of his Majesty's desires from time to time.

'' And whereas the company of the Somer Islands doth always
report of the gracious favour his Majesty extendeth to Virginia,
that therefore the next quarter-court for the said islands be en-
treated to jojn for the transport of some of them to be servants
upon their land ; my Lord of Warwick, Sir Edwin Sandis, Mr.
Ferrar, and others intending to take some of them to that pur-
pose, for prosecuting of which it being put to the question, was
generally agreed of, entreating Mr. Treasurer. that to this effect
he would in writing draw the answer and deliver it to Mr. Secre-
tary Calvert to inform his Majesty.

*' An extraordinary court was convened the 22d of November,
16^9. Mr. Treasurer signified that this extraordinary court was to
acquaint them that according to the intent of the last great court
he had drawn the letter to his Majesty in the name of the Treas-
urer, Council and Company, and had delivered it to Mr. Secretary
Calvert together with a copy thereof; but it being thought that
that letter would not serve his Majesty, he thought fit to pro-
pound this and crave their further advice, that if one hundred
pounds, which should have been for maintenance of these men,
might be given extraordinary in gross besides the ordinary allow-
ance of six pounds the man to any that may be found to trans-
port them with all expedition, the Knight Marshall having
promised Sir John Dauers that if they may be sent presently, he
will furnish them with such persons of what quality and condition
they desire. Unto which was objected that if some were found
to undertake this, yet it might be this month before the ship
could be dispeeded and they, during such time, must be main-
tained at the Company's charge, which was answered it could
not be helped, his Majesty's commands must be fulfilled, there-
fore, being put to the question, was generally allowed of.

** Likewise he acquainted that being to go to the Council table
about the Company's business, he proposed to acquaint the Lords
of the tobacco detained by Mr. Jacob, notwithstanding the gr^nt

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 27

of their patent, their letter from the Lords of the G>uiicil and the
Company's offer unto him desiring to understand their further
pleasure, who have agreed to make a further offer (if it may be
accepted,) to leave a 20th part with him in specie, as also another
20th part for the King's custom till they tried their patent, and
for the assisting of Mr. Treasurer there is now entreated my Lord
of Warwick, Lord Paget, Lord Cavendish, Sir John Dauers, Sir
Nathaniel Rich, Mr. John Wroth, and Mr. Cranmore.

'* December the first, 1619. Before the reading of the court,
Mr. Treasurer signified that two several times he had attended
the Lords of his Majesty's most honourable privy council about
the magazine goods, but nothing was done the first time because
Mr. Jacob was thought to have been warned, but was therefore
their Lordships required Mr. Treasurer to set down his mind in
writing and deliver it unto them upon this day, against which
time the King's learned council would be present, and Mr.
Jacobb should be required to attend, which accordingly Mr.
Treasurer performed and presented it this day unto their Lord-
ships, which was the first business they took into conside-
ration, notwithstanding the said Mr. Jacob was not present,
although the messenger affirmed that he warned him, therefore,
by reason of his absence, the Lords would not proceed to a final
determination. But Mr. Attorney delivered his opinion clearly
for the right of the Company, whereupon it was adjourned till to
morrow, understanding that Mr. Jacobb will be there without fail.

" The last great general court being read, Mr. Treasurer ac-
quainted them that Mr. John Delbridge, purposing to setde a
particular colony in Virginia, desiring that for the defraying some
part of his charges, the Company would admit him to fish at
Cape Cod. Which request was opposed by Sir Ferdinando
Gorge, alleging that he always favoured Mr. Delbridge, but in this
thought himself something touched that he should sue to this
Company and not rather to him as properly belonging to the
north colony to give liberty for the fishing in that place, it lying
within their latitude, which was answered by Mr. Treasurer that
the company of the south and north plantations are the one free of
the other, and the letters-patents is clear that each may fish within
the other, the sea being free for both, which if the north colony
abridge them of this, they would take away their means and
encouragement of sending of men, unto which Sir Ferdinando

28 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Gorges replyed that if he mistake not himself, both the Company's
were limited by the patent unto which he would submit himself,
for the deciding whereof it is referred unto the council who are
of both Companies to examine the letters-patent to-morrow after-
noon at my Lord of Southampton's and accordingly to determine
the dispute.

"Mr. Deputy informed the court that Mr. Thompson having a
good ship, burthen 320 tons, the committees, at their meeting,
have agreed with him, if the court shall allow thereof, to give
him ;^i,200 to transport for them into Virginia two hundred men,
and for fifty tons freight of goods in the ship ;£ioo more, in all
;^i,300, and to victual their men after such proportion as by a
note was shewed him. Captain Tompson promising to give caution
to the Company for such moneys as he shall receive before hand ;
and for performance of the said voyage, the said Captain Tomson
was demanded when he would set out, who promised to be ready
in Tilburyhope the sixth of February next, and would stay there
four days to take in such as should come, and four days more at
Deal, but if above ten days that then it might be lawful for him
to depart, demanding of the Company ;^8oo in hand and ;^500
upon certificate of the men and goods to be landed in Virginia,
which he ensisting upon, Mr. Treasurer, in the behalf of the
Company, made offer to give him seven hundred pounds and six
hundred upon certificate as aforesaid. He being so far from
exacting of the Company, that he promised that if they would
lay into the ship half a tun of aqua vitce for their sick men, he
would forbear the present payment of the ;^ioo in question, which
the court promised to perform. Whereupon Mr. Deputy ac-
quainted the court for accommodating all men, that if any parti-
cular adventurer would send over men to Virginia, let him give
notice of the number thereof to William Webb, the husband, and
pay unto him six pounds for their passage, shipping should he
provided for them with the Company's men. And because him-
self and the committees will have more than enough to provide
all things necessary and sufficient against that time of sending
their people away, he desired that every one of the Company
would give their helping for the furnishing them with good and
able men for this voyage, and to take such care and pains as if it
were for their own privade, praying all men to take notice of this
request.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 29

"It was propounded that in consideration of some publick
gifts given by sundry persons to Virginia— divers presents of
church plate and other ornaments, ;^2oo already given towards
building a church, and ;^500 promised by another towards the
educating of infideFs children — that for the honour of God and
memorial of such good benefactors, a table might hang in the
court with their names and gifts inserted, and the ministers of
Virginia and the Somer Islands may have intelligence thereof,
that for their pious works they may commend them to God in
their prayers, which generally was held very fit and expedient.

* * And forasmuch as by the order of this court the lotteries are
now to dissolve, that therefore they would consider of some way
for the defraying of future charge, or else continue them half a
year longer, whereupon, finding no other means as yet to accrue
unto the Company, it was ordered they should last till midsum-
mer next, and being put to the question was confirmed by erec-
tion of hands.

** Further, Mr. Treasurer made known that he had received
a very favourable letter from the Lord Archbishop of York, that
if he will send more briefs there shall be new collections, as also
how much the Company was beholding to the Diocess of Lon-
don, my Lord Bishop having sent in a full thousand pounds.

" December the 15th, Sir Edwin Sandis, as it was ordered in
the last court, repairing the next day to the Council table, pre-
sented a petition to their Lordships according as it was referred
unto him in the name of the Council and Company, in which
was contained the whole state of the business, Mr. Jacobb being
there, it pleased their Lordships to give them most honourable
audience, hearing the allegations of both sides, where Mr. At-
torney-General delivered his clear opinion to the Lords, that the
Company by their patent were free from imposition ; and, in
fine, it was ordered by their Lordships that the said Mr. Jacobb
should deliver the said tobacco unto them, paying all other duties
that might appertain thereunto, which was submitted to their
Lordships' judgments. Therefore, he moved that the petition,
together with their Lordships* order, might be entered in the
court-book, which was well liked of, being as followeth :

80 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

" * To the Right Honorable, the Lords and others of his Majesty s
most honourable privy Council:

** 'The humble petition of the Treasurer, Council and Com-
pany for Virginia, humbly shew unto your Lordships, whereas
the plantation of Virginia, by reason of many great difficulties,
hath been and still is a matter of excessive charge to the par-
ticular adventurers, and if it please God to prosper the same so as
it be brought to perfection (whereof the hope is now greater than
at any time heretofore), it will be a matter not only of strength
and honour ; but also of great profit to his Majesty and his
people; and to his Majesty particularly in his customs, unto which
the negotiation established with Virginia will raise a clear and
in short time a great addition, as growing by mutual traffic be-
tween the English, and English who now yearly remove thither
in very great multitudes. In which, and many other important
considerations, it pleased his most excellent Majesty of his princely
benignity by his letters-patents, bearing date the 25th of May in
the seventh year of his reign of England, etc., to grant unto the
said Company freedom from custom and subsidy in Virginia
for one and twenty years, and in England for a certain number
of years now expired, and from all other taxes and impositions
forever; * excepting only the five pounds p. centum, due for cus-
tom upon all such goods and merchandizes as shall be brought
and imported into this realm of England, or any other his
Majesty's dominions, according to the ancient trade of mer-
chants.

*• * And the like grant hath been made by his Majesty to the
Company of the Somer Islands by his gracious letters-patents,
bearing date the 29th of June, in the thirteenth year of his reign
of England, etc., save that the freedom from custom and subsidy
granted to them is not yet expired, which Company of the
Somer Islands are all members of the Virginia Company, and
for the mutual strength of both parts are so to continue.

** * All which, notwithstanding the farmers of his Majesty's cus-
toms, by a general rate of tobacco made at los. the pound in
regard the Spanish tobacco is worth much more, though the
Virginia tobacco give not half so much, demand of your sup-
pliants 6d. the pound for their Virginia tobacco, which they hum-
bly desire may be rated at a just value by itself (which they shall

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 81

willingly pay) and not raised to the double by coupling it with
the Spanish, which is sold ordinarily at i8s. the pound, and
sometimes more.

V * They complain also to your Lordships of Mr. Jacobb, farmer
of the imposts of tobacco, who, by colour of a much latter grant
from his Majesty, demanded of them another 6d. the pound
upontheir tobacco, contrary to his Majesty's most gracious grant,
and which, also, it is not possible that poor commodity can bear.

" 'They humbly, therefore, offer to your Lordships* consider-
ations : Whereas, for the support and increase of that plantation
to draw on the colony more cheerfully to apply their labour, they
have erected here a society of particular adventurers for traffic
with them of Virginia in a joint stock for divers years, commonly
called the magazine, and have contracted with the people there,
as for other commodities, so particularly to give them 3s. a
pound for tobacco, by virtue of which contracts a great mul-
titude of people have lately been drawn to remove thither, and
not so few as one thousand persons are providing to go and
plant there in the spring approaching, that if to that 3s. be added
this 1 2d. demanded by the farmer, together with other charges
of freight, etc., it will exceed the uttermost value which at this
day the tobacco can be sold for, and consequently must needs
dissolve this traffic established. And they further complain to
your Lordships of Mr. Jacobb, that whereas this Company, for
the upholding of the said traffic, set out in September was twelve,
a ship to Virginia for the bringing home the commodities, as it
were the harvest of that year, whereby the people here are to be
maintained with clothing and necessary implements.

** * The Company here quickened with hope of profit by traffic,
and by this mutual negotiation, his Majesty's customs advanced
and accordingly, in June last, their ship returned and brought
home twenty thousand pounds weight of tobacco, for which,
besides the merchandize bartered with them there, they are to
discharge here above eight hundred pounds of bills of exchange,
and upon return of their ship they brought their goods into the
custom house, as they were required, that they might be weighed,
and the customs answered for the same, which they were willing
and ready to discharge, Mr. Jacobb, of his own authority, inter-
rupted the weighing of their tobacco, and forbad any farther

82 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

proceedings unless that iihpost of 6d. a pound were also paid
unto him.

* * * Whereupon they, flying unto your Lordships for relief,
obtained your honourable letter to Mr. Jacobb to deliver their
goods, they entering into bond to pay him whatever should
appear to be his due by your Lordships' judgments upon certifi-
cate from his Majesty's learned Council, and within one month
after it should be determined, which order your suppliants did *
offer him to perform.

" * But Mr. Jacobb refusing to perform your Lordships' order,
and exacting of them another bond — viz : to pay him his de-
mand at a certain day, unless they procure in the meantime a dis-
charge from your Lordships, which they thought unfit to under-
take, being not in their power to effect, hath ever since now, for
the space of four months and upwards, contrary to his Majesty's
letters-patents and your Lordships' honourable letters (an ex-
ample unheard of), forcibly detaining their goods to their damage
at least of ;^2,500, partly by the impairings thereof in worth
through dryness and other corruptions, and partly by the sale of
price upon the store of English tobacco which hath since been
made.

"*They further complain of Mr. Jacobb, that whereas the
Somer Islands are yet free for two years and a half, unexpired,
of every custom and subsidy, Mr. Jacobb who, standing by his
officers at Plymouth, had caused i2d. a pound to be exacted for
their tobacco, and bond to be entered for the payment thereof
on the sixth of this month unless your Lordships shall be pleased
in the meantime to discharge the same.

" * In consideration of which premises, these petitioners most
humbly beseech your good Lordships that whereas they are now
in treaty for the providing and setting forth of two ships imme-
diately, the one to Virginia expressly for his Majesty's service,
and the other to the Somer Islands for the necessary fortifying
and securing of that place ; and forasmuch as they dare not let
them carry thither so unwelcome news as in the particulars
before set down ; and forasmuch, also, as the preparations for the
transport of those one thousand persons are now all at a stand,
waiting upon the success of this present business, that your
Lordships, out of your accustomed favour towards this planta-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 38

tion, and to preserve it from utter ruin now threatened by these
courses, will be pleased in upholding of his Majesty's gracious
grant unto them to cause their goods thus detained to be at
length delivered, upon payment of such duties as of right ought
to be paid.

***And they shall always pray for your Lordships' long con-
tinuance in all prosperity.'

*' The Council meeting, according to the reference in the last
court, and perusing the letters-patent, grew to this conclusion, that
by the license of the said Council it might be lawful for either of
the said colonies to fish within the liberties the one of the other,
but since some of the northern colony flying from that agreement
pretend to consider better of it before they will give answer
thereunto.

** However; the Council having occasion to pursue it upon the
motion of Mr. Treasurer, have given license under their seal
unto the society of Smith's Hundred to go a fishing, which seal
was this day, in open court and by the allowance thereof, affixed
unto their said license as also to a duplicate of the same.

" At this court Mr. Treasurer acquainted the Company that
the day before Sir Thomas Smith's account had been brought in
to the auditors, and for the speedy auditing and concluding of
them- it was moved by him, in the name of the auditors, who
with one assent had approved thereof, that a publication might
be set out in print. In the first part to set down the names in
alphebetical order of every adventurer and their several sums
adventured, that thereby all may take notice of their sums brought
in, and be summoned to come in for their land proportionable
thereunto, before the best were possessed by new adventurers and
planters, which might also be a speedy increase and * * *
of the plantation. And in the second part to confute such scan-
dalous reports as have been divulged of Virginia, by the justifica-
tion' of the inhabitants there, which motion was generally
approved by the court, referring the drawing of the said publica-
tion^to Mr. Treasurer and Dr. Winstone.

" December 15, 16 19. For the fifty men which are now to be

sent upon command from his Majesty, it was agreed, upon the

motion of Mr. Treasurer, for the appareling and furnishing them

with other necessary expences, one hundred pounds shall be
s

34 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

allowed to be disbursed out of the cash and afterwards to be re-
imbursed with the rest by their masters.

** December 23d, 16 19. Mr. Deputy informing the court that
the Knight Marshal having been with Mr. Treasurer, gave him
to understand that upon Monday morning fifty of the persons to
be transported for his Majesty should be at Bridewell for the
Company to make choice of such as they think for the present
fit to be sent, therefore moved that some might prepare thither
at 8 of the clock to meet the Knight Marshal about that business,
whereupon the court have desired Mr. Dr. Winstone, Mr.
Caninge, Mr. Cranmore. and Mr. Thomas Mellinge to be there
at that time.

** Fifteen thousand weight of tobacco being separated from the
worst, one-third part of it was allowed to be put to sale by the
candle, allowing tret four in the hundred weight, to pay at six and
six months, and if any of the Company buy it, to have the cus^
tom free if they export it ; Mr. Thomas Mellinge bidding 3s.
want a penny at the going out of the flame had it adjudged.

"An extraordinary court was convened the 8th of January^
1619-20. Mr. Treasurer signified that the cause thereof was to
understand their resolutionss about a matter recommended to
them by his Majesty ; by reason of the master of the wards,
whether the Company would &rm the impost of tobacco or any
part thereof at eight thousand pounds per annum, and pay I2d.
pence a pound for custom of their tobacca It having been
thought convenient to raise the custom upon tobacco to that rate
for that some Spanish tobacco has been sold at twenty shillings
per pound, of which I2d. 6d. to be paid to the farmers of the im-
post, and 6d. to the farmers of the custom.

**After some disputation, it was answered that the King had
granted them their patent under the broad seal, upon good
grounds, to pay only five p. cent, and no more, which privilege
they could not give up nor betray without great breach of duty,
as also the certain hazard of the whole plantation, and this point
was stood so resolutely upon that, being put to the question, it
was confirmed by all the hands, no one dissenting.

"And, therefore, forasmuch as their Virginia tobacco was never
yet sold in any sale that took effect at above five shillings ihe
pound, but many times under, they could not give way to pay

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 35

more for custom than three pence upon the pound, which is full
five in the hundred, yet so that if hereafter it should rise to a
higher price they would willingly increase their custom to the
highest of that rate.

" Yet, in regard they understand by Mr. Treasurer that his Maj-
esty, out of love and affection to this Company, has gave order
for the inhibiting the planting of English tobacco for these five
years, to begin at Michadmas next ensuing, which resteth to be
proclaimed till the Company have delivered their answer, which
is expected at the Council table this afternoon. In consideration
thereof it is now assented to and ordered by the court that during
the said five years, if the proclamation continue so long and take
effect, in gratification to his Majesty for his most gracious favour
to add 9d. more upon a pound, so to make it up I2d., being in
full of his Majesty's demand, though not in the same form.

**And being demanded by Mr. Treasurer whether they would
undertake the farm or participate thereof, the court held it incon-
venient to meddle therewith in their general, forasmuch as they
had neither stock nor rent yet whereby to pay it, yet because his
Majesty's most gracious offer should not seem in any point to be
neglected or refused, it was desired that some particular persons
of the Company, and in name of the Company, tho' for their
own particular use, should join for some part thereof, which was
assented to; and Mr. Thomas Keightley, with some others,
yielded to accept thereof for a third part, which was confirmed
and so ordered by the court.

"And because this, their determination, must forthwith be pre-
sented to the Lords, the court have desired Mr. Treasurer to
take the pains, and have entreated to accompany him, Mr.
Thomas Gibbs, Mr. Wheatley, Mr. Bearblock, Mr. Cranmer,
Mr. Keightley, Mr. Ditchfield. Mr. Wiseman, Mr. Caswell and
Mr. Mellinge.

"January the 12th, 1619-20. This court was given intelli-
gence by Mr. Treasurer that he had acquainted the Lords com-
missioners for the treasury, as he and some others were re-
quested to do, touching the determination of that his Majesty
recommended unto them, expressed at large in the court going
before, which was that notwithstanding they altered the form of
his Majesty's demand — yet they agreed in the substance — of
giving 1 2d. a pound, viz't, three pence custom, according to

86 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

their patent, and nine pence more for five years, in consideration
of the displanting English tobacco, yet the Lords took it accept-
ably, that, in substance, they had agreed, and, for matter of
form, it should be accommodated by being passed over on both
sides.

** But forasmuch as divers of the court conceiveth that unless
this offer and the true meaning thereof be entered as an act in
the Lords commissioners records, it will be verj; difficult, at the
expiration of the five years, to withdraw it. but that, continuing
so long, it will be expected forever as a duty due from the Com-
pany to his Majesty; for preventing of which, so near as may
be, the court hath now appointed a committee to repair to the
clerk of the Council, and to take care that this bargain be re-
corded, and to procure a copy thereof, to be entered amongst the
rest of the Company's orders. And because the said clerk of
the Council may better understand the Company's true meaning,
they have required their secretary to copy out their last court,
that the said committee may deliver it unto him. The committees
are Sir John Dauers, Sir Nathaniel Rich, Mr. Thomas Keight-
ley and Mr. Berblock, who have promised to go about it uppn
Friday morning next at eight of the clock.

' * Mr. Treasurer and Mr. Deputy being yesterday with the
Lord Mayor, reported that he informed them the city had agreed
to provide one hundred children for Virginia, and to allow the
Company five pounds apiece, three pounds towards their pas-
sage, and forty shillings for apparel, desiring Mr. Treasurer to
deliver in writing the conditions the Company will perform,
which he hath promised to do to-morrow. And further, did
demand what land they should have in lieu of their transporta-
tion, who answered that they were not to have any, but after the
expiration of their apprenticeships they were to be tenants to
the common land; but in regard the city beareth the half charge
of their transportations, he thought the court would allow them
twenty-five acres apiece, of every one of them, which, for the
present, his Lordship seemed to be satisfied therewith.

** Mr. Deputy acquainted this court that the committees had
agreed for transporting of two hundred persons more with the
owners of a ship called the London Merchant, about three hun-
dred tons, upon the same conditions as they did formerly with
Captain Tompson— namely, to pay /700 before the ship de-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 37

parted, and ;^6oo upon certificate of the ship's arrival in Vir-
ginia. The ship to be ready in Tilburyhope, the 20th day of
February next, to take in the passengers. Mr. Treasurer and
himself being demanded by the said owners to seal the charter
party. The court approved of the bargain, and requested them
to seal the charter party, and ordered that the court should save
themselves harmless.

"January 26, 1619-20. The committee appointed by the last
court to repair to the clerk of the Council for to see whether
their offer to his Majesty were rightly entered, and according as
Mr. Treasurer and the committee with him had signified and
reported, presented now a copy procured by Mr. Treasurer's
help of the record as it stands entered in the book of acts of
the Lords commissioners of the treasury ; but the entering of
the copy into the court -book of this Company was deferred unto
the conclusion of a more full and ample court, by reason that
some of the Company present were of opinion that not only the
patent ought to be preserved from infringement, which they con-
fessed to be done, but likewise ought to have been strengthened,
which they said, by this manner of acceptance on the Lords'
parts, was not done.

" The court was informed that the committees have agreed for
two ships for the transportation of cattle to Virginia for the
Company, and those others which will join with the Company in
the charges.

"1619-20, January 31st. The Treasurer and Mr. Deputy
having had much conference with the Lord Mayor and Alder-
men about the one hundred children intended to be sent, found
them at the first well addicted and affected to their demands ;
but since, some particular persons lesser respecting (as should
seem) the Company's good, have occasioned such strange de-
mands as is not fitting for them to ask, nor can noways, by the
orders of this Company, be granted, and therefore have deter-
mined to rectify the copy of their demands so far as may stand
with the orders of the Company to grant, and so to return it to
the court of Aldermen to-morrow, at ten of the clock, to accept
thereof or no, to which purpose is desired Sir Thomas Wroth,
Sir Henry Ranisford, Mr. John Wroth and Mr. Deputy.

**A great and general quarter-court was holden the second of

88

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

February, 1619-20, at which was present the Right Honoura-
ble-

William, Earl of Pembrooke,"
Robert, Earl of Warwick,
The Lord Cavendish,
Sir Edwin Sandis, Knight

Treasurer,
Sir Thomas Gates,
Sir Henry Ranisforde,
Sir John Wolstenholme,
Sir Thomas Wroth,
Dr. Gulstone,
Dr. fiohune,
Mr. Ferrar, Deputy "
Mr. Samuel Wrote,
Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Keightly,
Mr. Bamford,
Mr. Berblock,
Mr. Cranmer,
Mr. Bull,
Mr. Woodall,
Mr. Caswell,
Mr. Moorer,
Mr. Sparrow,

Henry, Earl of Southampton,

James, Viscount Doncaster,

The Lord Pagett,

Sir Thomas Roe,

Sir Dudley Diggs,

Sir John Dauers,

Sir Nathaniel Rich,

Sir Henry Jones,

Dr. Anthony,

Dr. Winstone,

Mr. John Wroth,

Mr. Thomas Gibbs,

Captain Bargrave,

Mr. Broomfield,

Mr. James Swift,

Mr. Wheatley,

Mr. Briggs,

Mr. Edwards,

Mr. Covell,

Mr. Darnelly,

Mr. Swinhow,

Mr. Roberts,

Mr. Mellinge.

•* William Herbert, third Earl of Pembroke, born 1580 at Wilton,
Wiltshire ; educated at Oxford ; installed Knight of the Garter, 1604, at
the same time that the Earl of Southampton was ; an active member of
the Virginia Company until its dissolution ; Chancellor of the University
of Oxford, 1626, when Broad Gate Hill was remodeled and called Pem-
broke College ; died 1630.

"^John Ferrar, son of Nicholas, was a merchant, and lived with his
mother after she was a widow, and the Company continued to meet
chiefly at Mrs. Ferrar's house. A daughter of John was christened Vir-
ginia, and became an accomplished writer. She was the authoress of a
treatise on silk worms, reprinted in the Force Historical Tracts, and
in 1651 was published: **A Mapp of Virginia, discovered to ye Hills
and its latt. from 35 deg. and % near Florida, to 41 deg. bounds of New
England. Domina. Virginia Ferrar, Collegit. And sold by J. Stephen
son at ye Sunne below Ludgate. 1651." The father died in 1657, and
the daughter in 1687.— AW/Tj Virginia Contpaf^, page 191.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. W

" It was ordered also by general consent, that such captains or
leaders of particular plantations that shall go there to inhabit by
virtue of their grants and plant themselves, their tenants and ser-
vants in Virginia, shall have liberty, till a form of government be
here settled for them, associating unto them divers of the gravest
and discreetest of their companies to make orders, ordinances,
and constitutions for the better ordering and directing of their
servants and business, provided they be not repugnant to the
laws of England.

** It was now also agreed, touching the order of the Lords
commissioners, that the Company should be humble suitors unto
their Lordships for some small amendment in the form thereof,
Mr. Treasurer signifying that the Council of Virginia sitting
within before the court, there being present all the noble Lords
before set down, resolved that they could not yield to anything
that might infringe their patent, which resolution was, with
general demonstration of joy, embraced by the court, and there-
fore desired to choose a committee for that purpose, to which end
was nominated the Right Honourable the Earl of Warwick, the
Lord Cavendish, the Lord Pagett, Mr. Treasurer. Sir Dudley
Diggs, Sir John Dauers, Sir Henry Ranisforde, Sir Nathaniel
Rich, Sir Lawrence Hide, Mr. Christopher Brooke, Mr. Nicho-
las Hide, Mr. Deputy, Dr. Winstone, Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Keightley
and Mr. Cranmer, who are desired to set down the Company's
meaning in writing, and present it to the Lords, when Mr. Treas-
urer shall think it convenient to summon them.

" The demand of the city, read the last court, concerning the
hundred children, being much distasted of this Company, being
such as were repugnant to the standing orders, which could no
way be dispensed with, therefore the committees have rectified
and corrected the copy so far forth as may stand with the orders
to admit, and have written a letter to the Lord Mayor from the
chief of the Council, agreeing to send the letter and return the
altered copy to-morrow morning to the court of Aldermen, re-
quiring Sir Thomas Wroth and Mr. Gibbs to deliver them, and
require their speedy resolutions, because the speedy departure
of the ships will suffer no delay, this following being the true copy:

** Whereas, The number of one hundred children, whose
names are hereafter mentioned, were ijr^ \ ^^t sprin g? sent and
transported by the Virginia Company from the city of London

40 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

unto Virginia, and towards the charge for the transportation and
appareling of the same one hundred children a collection of the
sum of five hundred pounds was made of divers well and godly
disposed persons, charitably minded towards the plantation in
Virginia, dwelling within the city of London and suburbs thereof,
and thereupon the said five hundred pounds was paid unto the
said Company for the purpose aforesaid. And thereupon, for
the good of the same children, and in consideration of the
premises, it is fully concluded, ordered and decreed by and at a
general quarter-court, this day holden by the Treasurer, Council
and Company of Virginia, that every of the same children which
are now living at the charges, and by the provision of the said |
Virginia Company, shall be educated and brought up in some
good trade and profession^ whereby they may be enabled to get i
their living, and maintain themselves when they shall attain their I
several ages of four-and-twenty years, or be out of their ap-
prenticeships, which shall endure at the least seven years if they
so long live.

" And further, that every of the same children — that is to say,
the boys at their ages of one-and -twenty years or upwards, and
the maids or girls at their age of one-and- twenty years, or day
of marriage, which shall first happen, shall have freely given and
allotted unto them fifty acres of land apiece in Virginia aforesaid
within the limits of the English plantation, the said acres to be
appointed according to the statute de terris mesurandis in Eng^
land, and that in convenient place or places to hold in fee simple
by socage tenure to every of them and their heirs forever, freely
at the rent of I2d. by the year, in full of all rents or other pay-
ment or service due unto the Lord, therefore to be rendered or
done.

" If the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council shall
not be satisfied with the Company's reasons (who desire that
some of themselves may be admitted to alledge them), that it
is better for the former children to have the same conditions with
these latter, the Company will let it pass for this time, yet, with
this protestation, that as it is not beneficial to the children, ^o it
is the extreme wrong and prejudice of the whole plantation.

" And whereas, also, it is intended and fully resolved that this
next spring the number of one hundred children more, whose
names are likewise hereafter mentioned, shall be sent and trans-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 41

ported by the said Virginia Company out of the city of London
unto Virginia aforesaid, and that towards the charge of trans-
porting and appareling the same children, the like collection of
five hundred pounds, of men godly and charitably disposed
towards the said plantation, which do reside within the said city
and the suburbs thereof, is to be made, and, upon collecting
thereof, the same shall be paid to the Virginia Company for the
purpose aforesaid: Now, therefore, for the good of the same chil-
dren, and in consideration of the premises, it is fully concluded
and ordered and decreed at a great and general quarter-court,
this day holden by the Treasurer, Council and Company of Vir-
ginia, that the said hundred children last mentioned shall be sent
at the Virginia Company's charge, and during their voyage
shall have their provision sweet and good and well appareled,
and all other things necessary for the voyage, and that every of
the same children shall be there placed apprentices with honest
and good masters — that is to say, the boys for the term of seven
years or more, so as their apprenticeships may expire at their
several ages of one-and-twenty years or upwards, and the maids
or girls for the term of seven years, or until they shall attain their
several ages of one-and-twenty years, or be married, to be by
the same masters during that time educated and brought up in
some good crafts, trades or husbandry, whereby they may be
enabled to get their living and maintain themselves when they
shall attain their several ages or be out of their apprenticeships,
and during their apprenticeships shall have all things provided
for them as shall be fit and requisite, as meat, drink, apparel,
and other necessaries.

**And further, that at the expiration of their several apprentice-
ships, every of the said children shall have freely given unto
them and provided for them at the said Company's charge pro-
vision of corn for victuals for one whole year, and shall also have
a house ready built to dwell in, and be placed as a tenant in some
convenient place upon so much land as they can manage ; and
shall have one cow and as much corn as he or she will plant, and
forty shillings to apparel them, or apparel to that value ; and
shall also have convenient weapons, munition and armour for
defence, and necessary implements and utensils for household,
and sufficient working tools and instruments for their trades,

42 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

labour and husbandry in such sort as other tenants are provided
for.

** Moreover, that every of the said children last mentioned
which shall have thus served their apprenticeships, and be placed
and provided for as aforesaid, shall be tied to be tenants or &mi-
ers in manner and form aforesaid for the space of seven years
after their apprenticeships ended, and during that time of their
labour and pains therein they shall have half of all the increase,
profit and benefit that shall arise, grow and increase by the man-
agement thereof, as well the fruits of the earth, the increased of
the cattle as otherwise, and the other moiety thereof, to go and
remain to the owners of the land, in lieu and satisfaction of a
rent to be paid for the same land so by them to be occupied, and
that at the expiration of the same last seven years every of the
said children to be at liberty either to continue tenants or farmers
of the Company upon the same lands, if they will, at the same
rates and in the manner aforesaid, or else provide for themselves
elsewhere.

"And lastly, that either of the same children, at the end of the
last seven years, shall have moreover five-and-twenty acres of
land, to be given and allotted to them in some convenient place
or places within the English plantations in Virginia aforesaid, to
hold in fee simple by socage tenure to every of them and their
heirs forever freely, for the rent of 6d. for every five-and-twenty
acres by way of quit rent in lieu of all services in regard of the
tenure ; all which premises we, the said Treasurer, Council and
Company, do order and decree, and faithfully promise shall be
justly and truly performed towards the said children according to
the true intent and meaning thereof.

After the letter the city yielded.

*' A letter from an unknown person to the Treasurer was read,
whereby the writer, for the converting of infidels to the faith of
Christ, promised * 500 pounds for the maintaining of a conve-
nient number of young Indians, taken at the age of seven years
or younger, and instructed in reading and understanding the
principles of Christian religion unto the age of twelve years, and
then, as occasion serveth, to be trained and brought up in some
lawful trade with all humanity and gentleness unto the age of
twenty-one years, and then to enjoy like liberties and privileges

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 48

with our native English in that place.' He further stated that
fifty pounds more would be 'delivered into the hands of two
religious persons, with security of payment, who shall once every
quarter exaii(iine and certify to the Treasurer here in England
the due execution of these presents, together with the names of
these children thus taken, their foster fathers and overseers.*

** February the i6th, 1619-20. Whereas, at the last court a
special committee was appointed for the managing the ;^500
given by an unknown person for the educating of infidels' chil-
dren, Mr. Treasurer signified that they have met and taken into
consideration the proposition of Sir John Wolstenholme that
John Pierce and his associates might have the training and bring-
ing up of some of those children, but the said committee for
divers reasons think it inconvenient, first, because they intend
not to go these two or three months, and then after their ar-
rival will be long in settling themselves, as also that the Indians
are not acquainted with them, and so they may stay four or five
years before they have account that any good is done.

•' And for to put it into the hands of private men to bring them
up at ;^io a child, as was by some proposed, they should think
it not so fit by reason of the casualty unto which it is subject.

"But forasmuch as divers hundreds and particular plantations
are already settled there, and the Indians well acquainted with
them, as namely Smith's. Hundred, Martin's Hundred, Bart-
let's Hundred and the like, that therefore they receive and
take charge of them, by which course they shall be sure to
be well nurtured, and have their due so long as these plan-
tations shall hold, and for such of these children as we find
capable of learning shall be put in the college and brought
up to be scholars, and such as are not shall be put to
trades, and be brought up in the fear of God and Christian
religion; and being demanded how and by what lawful means
they would procure them, and after keep them, that they
run not to their parents or friends, and their said parents or
friends steal them not away, which natural affection may enforce
in the one and the other, it was answered and well allowed that
a treaty and agreement be made with the King of that country
concerning them, which if it so fall out at any lime as is exprest,
they may, by his command, be returned. Whereupon, Sir
Thomas Roe promised that Bartley Hundred should take two

44 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

or three, for which their well brinj^ing up he and Mr. Smith
promised to be respondents to the Company, and because every
hundred may the better consider hereof, they were licensed till
Sunday in the afternoon, at which time they sit at Mr. Trea-
surer's, to bring in their answer how many each will have and
bring those that will be respondent for them, and those that
others would not take, Mr. Treasurer, in the behalf of Smith's
Hundred, hath promised to take into their charge.

" Mr. Treasurer acquainted the court that he had received letters
from Virginia importing the welfare of the plantation, although
they have been much distempered by reason of an intemperate,
not only happening unto them but amongst the Indians, request-
ing the Company that they would send them some physicians
and apothecaries of which they stand much need of; relating
also, to the great comfort of the Company and encouragement
of those that shall send the plenty of corn, that God this year
hath blessed them with the like never happened since the English
were there planted, having had two harvest, the first being shaken
with the wind produced a second, and the ground being so extra-
ordinary fat and good that sowing Indian corn upon the stubble
they likewise had a great corn crop thereof.

"February 22d, 1619-20. Forasmuch as the court, by the
Governor's letter, is given to understand that the inhabitants are
very desirous to have engineers sent unto them for the raising of
fortifications, for which they are content among themselves to bear
the charge thereof, upon which Sir Thomas Gates is entreated
to write his private letters of directions both in regard of his skill
herein, as also of his knowledge of the country, as also that he
together with Sir Nathaniel Rich confer with General Cecill**
therein, whose assistance in a former court touching the same
business was entreated, which they have promised so to do.

'*A box standing upon the table with this direction. To Sir
Edwin Sandis, the faithful Treasurer for Virginia, he acquainted
them that it was brought him by a man of good fashion, who

"•Edward Cecil, third son of the first Earl of Exeter and grandson of
the celebrated Lord Burleigh ; celebrated in the wars of the Nether-
lands where he became marshal, lieutenant and general of the forces ;
raised to the peerage in 1625 and 1626 as Baron Cecil and Viscount
Wimbledon ; died i6th November, 1638.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 45

would neither tell him his name nor from whence he came, but
by the subscription being the same with the letter he conjectured
that it might be the ;^550 promised therein; and it being agreed
that the box should be opened, there was a bag of new gold
containing the said sum of ;^550, whereupon Dr. Winstone,
reporting what the committee held requisite for the managing
thereof, and that it should be wholly in the charge of Smith's
Hundred, it was desired by some that the resolution should be
presented in writing to the next court, which, in regard of the
Ash-Wednesday sermon, was agreed to be upon Thursday after.

" Upon good consideration of the scarcity of the ministers that
is this day remaining in Virginia, having eleven burroughs and
not above five ministers, Mr. Treasurer now commanded to be
considered by the court the sending of one sufficient divine to
each of those burroughs for the comfort of the souls of the
inhabitants by preaching and expounding the Word of God unto
them ; and for the drawing and encouragement of such strangers
thereunto, acquainted them of one hundred acres of land, accord-
ing to a former order to be allotted them, which they being unable
to manage alone, are unwilling to go over therefore because it
may be prepared for them he would that there might be sent six
men as tenants to each of the one hundred acres of glebe in the
said burroughs, in doing of which a yearly maintenance will be
raised unto them, of which the Company to bear the whole
charge of them to be transported to the college land, the Gover-
nor's and the Company's, and for those six that shall be sent by
particular hundreds, the Company, for their better provocation
thereunto, shall furnish out three to each upon condition that the
particular plantation make up the other three, which being put
to the question, was generally well approved of, wjiereupon it was
thought very expedient that my Lord of London should be soli-
cited for the helping them with sufficient ministers, as also such
of the Company as without fayour or affection could hear of any
that were sincere and devout in that calling and were desirous to
go, that they would acquaint the court therewith that they may
be entertained.

" Mr. Treasurer also signifying that all indentures of land,
which yet have been granted to particular societies, are to come
under the seal again, therefore moved that a new covenant might
be inserted for their maintenance of a sufficient minister, which

46 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

being done, the country will be well planted therewith, which was
well approved.

** March 2d, 1619-20. And whereas, also in the last court Sir
Thomas Gates and Sir Nathanial Rich were entreated to repair
to General Cecil touching the desire of the plantation to be accom-
modated with some engineers, at their own charges, for raising
of fortifications. It plea3ed Sir Nathaniel Rich to report that
accordingly they were with General Cecil, who found him ex-
ceeding willing and ready to assist them with his best furtherance,
although for the present he knoweth not how to furnish them,
they being so exceeding dear and hard to- be gotten that they
will not work under 5 or 6s. a day, but acquainted them of a
Frenchman who hath been long in England, very skilful therein,
who promised to agree with him for a certain sum of money to
go over and live there, signifying of two sorts of fortifications,
one for the enduring of assaults and battery, which is not as he
accounts there very needful, but rather the other of chusing and
taking some place of advantage, and there to make some palisa-
does, which he conceiveth the fittest and for which this French-
man is singular good.

*^Mr. Treasurer signified that accidentally having some con-
ference with the Right Honourable the Earl of Arundle," it
pleased his Lordship to demonstrate the exceeding much love
he beareth to the action, insomuch that he could be content to
come and sit amongst them. He, therefore, moved that the
court would admit his Lordship into their society, which being
put to the question, was joyfully embraced by general consent,
and referred, according to order, to a great court for electing of
his Lordship to be one of the Council.

" He also acquainted my Lord of London of the Company's
intent for the sending over of ministers, and their request unto
his Lordship for his good furtherance and assistance therein,
together with what maintenance they had there ordained for
them, which he very well approved of, promising to the utmost
of his power to do what lieth in him for the good of that planta-
tion.

"Thomas, Earl Arundel, who, with his brother-in-law, the Earl of
Southampton, in 1605 fitted out Captain Weymouth for a voyage of dis-
covery.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 47

''Signifying also that the corporation of Smith's Hundred
very well accepted of the charge of the infidels' children com-
mended unto them by the court in regard of their good disposi-
tion to do good, but otherwise if the court shall please to take it
from them they will willingly give ;^ioo ; and for their resolu-
tions, although they have not yet set them down in writing, by
reason some things are yet to. be considered of, they will so soon
as may be perform the same and present it.

"Whereas, during the time of Sir Thomas Dale's residence in
Virginia there was by his means sundry salt works set up, to the
great good and benefit of the plantation, since which time they
are wholly gone to wrack and let fall, insomuch that by defect
thereof the inhabitants are exceedingly distempered by eating
pork and other meats fresh and unseasoned ; therefore it was re-
ferred to a committee to consider with all speed for the setting
up again of the said salt works, that is to Sir John Dauers, Sir
Nathaniel Rich, Mr. John Wroth, Mr. Dr. Winstone, and Mr.
Samuel Wrote, to meet to-morrow at two of the clock, at Mr.
Treasurer's house. Mr. Baldwin is desired at the same time to
be there to further the said committee with his best advice.

'* It was also moved by Mr. Treasurer, that forasmuch as this
year there have been and are preparing to be sent to Virginia
twelve hundred persons or thereabouts, whereof six hundred to
the publick or other pious uses, whereby a heavier, burthen will
be upon Sir George Yeardley for the disposing of them all
according .to directions and instructions sent unto him, that
therefore for his better incouragement, the Company would
please to send him a present, it being no new thing, but much
used by them heretofore, whereupon it was referred to the com-
mittee in the preceding order to consider and conclude what
shall be sent unto him.

** As likewise that in regard a treaty is to be made with Opa-
chankano touching the better keeping of the infidels' children,
which are to be brought up in Christianity, that therefore they
would authorize Sir George Yeardley to take some such thing as
he shall like best out of the magazine, and present it unto him
for the better attaining their ends of him, which being put to the
question, was well allowed.

** March the 15th, 1619-20. The court being set, Mr. Treas-
urer made known that the George being returned from Virginia,

48 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

hath brought letters certifying also the great mortality which
hath been in Virginia, about three hundred of the inhabitants
having died this last year, and that Sir George Yeardley com-
mitteth the same error as formerly, that he directeth all his let-
ters to the Council and not any to the Company. But for the
people sent in the Bona Nova they are arrived in health, are all
living, and prosper well, applying themselves with the rest
according to direction in building of houses, tilling of the ground,
planting silk grass; but forasmuch as the court was wholly igno-
rant of the state of the colony, which by the reading of these
letters now come they might be informed of, therefore it was
earnestly moved by divers now present, that they might be pub-
lished to the court, but several of the Council thinking it incon-
venient till a full number thereof had first heard it, which was
accounted seven together, it was therefore deferred till the next
court, and in the interim it was agreed that the Council should be
desired to meet upon Friday afternoon at Mr. Treasurer's house
at two of the clock, and that Captain Smith'^ and Captain Mad-
dison" then attend to make known their grievances, which they
pretend done unto them by Sir George Yeardley.

** Then he commended to their consideration and approbation
three things of main consequence :

"i. Whereas, four ships are already dispeeded, and another
which will be ready to go by the last of this month with pas-
sengers and provisions, as it was delivered and allowed in a
quarter-court, held the 17th of November last, that therefore
for the better care of preserving them at their landing, and
nourishing those which shall be sick for preventing, so near
as may be, the like mortality, and for the prosecuting of some
well digested orders made in their courts, he had framed the
draught of a charter, which, although this could not give final
confirmation thereunto, yet, if they now approved thereof, it
might be sent in this ship to be put in execution, and be con-
firmed in the next great general court.

** 2. That which Mr. Alderman Johnson now proposed, that

■• Roger Smith, subsequently General and Member of the Council of
the colony of Virginia in 162 1.
"•Isaac Madison, Member of the Virginia Council in 1624.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON, 49

they would take care of the ship and goods now returned, and
to dispose of them for their best advantage.

'* 3. Of differences betwixt the northern and southern colo-
nies.

" For the first, the draught of the said charter being extant,
it was agreed should be read, which being done, was very well
approved and allowed of, referring it to the quarter-court for an
ample confirmation, but in the meantime agreed that the copy
thereof should be sent to the Governor to put in practice.

The second being Mr. Alderman Johnson's proposition, was
committed to a committee to consider of, that is to say —

Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Thomas Wroth,

Sir John Wolstenholme, Sir Nathaniel Rich,

Mr. Alder. Johnson,*® Mr. John Wroth,

Mr. Deputy, Mr. Bull, ^nd

Mr. Keightly, Mr. Casewell, or so many as

Mr. Cranmore, shall please.

dividing the business into three points :

'* I. For the planting of English tobacco, that notwithstanding
upon the Company's yielding to an impost, his Majesty by
proclamation hath prohibited the same, yet contrary thereunto
it is privately planted.

** 2, For tlie procuring a mitigation of the imposition, which is
conceived may be obtained.

** 3. For the sale of goods.

"All which is referred as aforesaid, and are entreated to meet
at Sir Thomas Smith's house upon Saturday morning next at
eight of the clock.

** To the third, Mr. Treasurer signified that the north colony,
intending to replant themselves in Virginia, had petitioned to
the King and to the Lords for obtaining a new patent, which the
Lords referred unto the Lord Duke and the Lord of Arundell,
and the Lord of Arundell delivered it to him for to call the Coun-
cil, understanding of some differences about fishing between them,
and if they could not determine of it, that then to return their

opinions to their Lordships, whereupon accordingly having met,

I ^

^ Robert Johnson.

60 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

and, as formerly, disputed the business they could not conclude
thereof, but desired the one from the other ; that therefore ac-
cording to his Lordship's command, the court would please to
nominate some to give intelligence how the business betwixt them
doth depend, which the court perceiving none to understand the
cause so well as himself, most earnestly besought him to take the
pains, which he, being very loth and unwilling, by reason of the
exceeding multitude of the Company's business depending upon
him, desired to be excused, but not prevailing, he was so earn-
estly solicited thereunto that he could not gainsay it, whereupon
they associated unto him Sir John Dauers, Mr. Herbert and Mr.
Keightley, to repair thither to morrow morning at 8 of the clock.
"The Treasurer further gave information of one Mr. King,
that was to go with fifty persons to Virginia, there to set on foot
iron works. *^

^ Iron-ore was shipped to England from the colony as early as 1608.
Captain Christopher Newport sailed from Jamestown April loth of that
year with a cargo of iron-ore, sassafras, cedar posts and walnut boards,
arriving in England May 20th. In the autumn of the same year he
again carried iron-ore, which was smelted, and seventeen tons of metal
sold to the East India Company at £4 per ton.

Works for smelting iron-ore were erected in 1619 on Falling Creek, a
tributary of James river, in Chesterfield county, about seven miles below
the city of Manchester, and workmen supplied for conducting them —
one hundred and ten from Warwickshire and Staffordshire and forty
from Sussex. Three of the master- workmen having died, a reinforce-
ment of twenty experienced men was sent over in 1621, accompanied
by John Berkeley and his son Maurice as superintendents. A mine of
brown iron-ore in the neighborhood was opened, and found to yield
" reasonably good iron," but the operations were brought to an abrupt
termination by the Indian massacre of 22d March, 1622, when all at the
works were slain except a boy and girl, who fled to the bushes for
safety. Maurice Berkeley appears not to have then been at the works,
as he returned to England later. Sir John Zouch, and his son John,
about 1633, made a futile effort to re-establish the iron works. It was
long before iron manufacture was again attempted in the colony. A
writer in 1649 said that **an iron work erected would be as good as a
silver mine." The exportation of iron from the colony was forbidden
by an Act of the Assembly in 1662, on penalty of ten pounds of tobacco
for every pound of iron exported, and the prohibition was renewed in
1682. Colonel William Byrd, the first of the name in the colony, in
1687 obtained an extensive grant of land, including the site at Falling

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 61

''March 29, 1620. Sir Nathaniel Rich reported that General
Cecil now doubted about getting the Frenchman, * but if the
worst fell out that he cannot help them,' to a fit he will set down
such particular instructions and directions for them to proceed
as they shall easily perform it; moreover, he said he had spoken
to another, who told he knew of a very sufficient man who told
purpose a captain in the Low Countries, who, upon intelligence,
he is sure would sell his place to serve this Company, being the
thing which e'er now he himself hath desired; for which the
court gave Sir Nathaniel Rich thanks, desiring that he in the
Low Countries may have notice thereof, whose service they shall
well esteem, and that in the mean time he would be pleased to
procure according to his relation of General Cecil! those direc-
tions and instructions he hath promised, that they be sent in this
ship to the inhabitants to give them some point of satisfaction,
which he hath promised shall be performed.

** Upon the three points referred to, a committee on the report
was now made and allowed as follows :

" For tobacco, which is probably said to be planted con-
trary to the King's prohibition by proclamation, they now
agree to entertain Henry Mansell to be an intelligencer and to
give directions to proceed by acquainting a justice therewith
and then bringing his name to the Council and Mr. Jacobb,
which Mr. Jacobb hath promised to prosecute it, and prefer
a bill against him in the Star Chamber, and so for every
information justly preferred and which shall be within five miles

Creek, and meditated the revival of the iron works there, but it does
not appear that he ever did so.

Governor Spotswood was the first to break the spell of dormancy in
the iron industry by the establishment of a smelting furnace on the
Rappahannock river, near the present site of Fredericksburg, and of a
very complete air furnace at Massaponax, fifteen miles distant, near the
site of his settlement, Germanna. The Falling Creek tract fell to the
possession of Colonel Archibald Cary, some time prior to the Revolu-
tionary war. Upon it he erected his well-known seat, " Ampthill,'* still
standing, and new iron works on the creek. They proved so unprofit-
able that he abandoned his forge and converted his pond to the use of
a grist-mill in 1760. The editor visited " Ampthill " and Falling Creek
in May, 1876, and fixed the sites of both works by the finding of bits of
furnace cinder. The first works are on the western and the later on
the eastern side of the creek.

52 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

of London and proveth true, they hold it requisite, for the en-
couraging of him, to give him los., to be paid equally by the
companies of Virginia and the Sumer Islands, and if he upon
occasion rode farther, then the two Companies to bear his charge
and reward him as they see cause, and therefore have concluded
that he shall be bound unto them to do faithful service, without
any connivance, upon pain of a strict penalty to be otherwise
imposed upon him, and to that end it is held convenient that his
continuancy herein be held durante bene placito.

" To the second point of mitigation of imposition :

" After some dispute Mr. Alderman Johnson and Mr. Cranmer
were entreated when they rise to go to Mr. Jacobb, who had
reason to respect them considering the priviledge of their patent
and the manner of his grant by easing and releiving them in the
taxation of tobacco, which, if he refuse to do, that then my Lord
of Warwick, Sir Thomas Roe, Sir Nathaniel Rich, and others
be entreated to deliver from the Company such reasons to the
King for mitigation thereof as they have set down in the petition
to his Majesty, considering that the business doth not concern
the King's profit but Mr. Jacobb's.

** Thirdly, for the sale of goods ;

" It is agreed by these committees that for the defraying of the
present charge of freight, custom, and impost of tobacco, both
old and new, which is come from Virginia from the magazine,
shall be sold to such as will underwrite for such quantity as they
shall think fitting, not under the quantity of 500 pound wejght
for any one man, to write upon these conditions :

** I. At the rate of 2s. 6d. the pound to pay I2d. in hand for
the defraying of freight, custom, and impost, and to pay the
residue the 25th of March, 1621.

" 2. To take two-thirds of the old and one-third of the new,
or as it shall fall out in quantity and prescription.

" 3. To discount unto themselves half a capital of the first
year's adventure.

" 4. To give their bills to Sir Thomas Smith and Mr. Alder-
man Johnson, who stand engaged for those of the magazine, and
they to give their several bills each to other for the use of the
said magazine.

" Concerning the difference of fishing between the south and
north colony, it pleased Mr. Treasurer to signify that although

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 6S

he was very unwilling, by reason of the multitude of other busi-
ness, yet he and the committee had intended the Lord Duke and
the Lord of Arundle, and there was for the other side Sir Fer-
dinando George and others, where disputing the matter before
their Lordships they pleased neither to allow nor disallow entirely
the one part or the other, but set down and ordered as seemed
fittest to their Lordships, for the obtaining a copy whereof they
now appointed the secretary to repair to Sir Clement Edmunds
and desire it of him in the name of the Company, and appointed
him to give his clarke his fee.

" He further acquainted them of two things more to be per-
formed for the public — the one a charter to be sent to Sir George
Yeardley to be published throughout the several burroughs and
hundreds that they apply not themselves wholly to tobacco,
which will fail them and overthrow the general plantation, but
to other staple commodities of which they have notice, which
being engrossed and read, was ratified by erection of hands.

" The other that whereas an aspersion was laid upon him by
some that he detaineth matter from the Company and imparteth
them only to the Council, which is not true, for he hath pro-
cured more than one of the Governor's letters to the Council
and theirs to him to be read openly in court, yet he saith that
the Governor hath given cause of that blame by directing still
his letters to the Council, which, although he hath reprehended
him for it by privy letters, yet it would not be amiss that a gene-
ral letter from the Company be sent him {that he may better
understand that a general warrant of the court be sent hint) that
he may better understand his error, and hereafter write as well to
the Company as to the Council, which they deem to be very
necessary, whereupon they have entreated Mr. Treasurer, Mr.
John Dauers, Mr. Wrote, Mr. Gibbes and Mr. Herbert to meet
at Mr. Treasurer's house upon Friday morning for performance
of it, and when done might be read to the court to be approved
and signed.

" He also signified that Sir George Yeardley desireth of them»
for the good of the colony, that a navigation might be sent up
which should produce good benefit to the colony, and to that
end nominateth unto them one Marmaduke Rayner, who is will-
ing to go if they please to give him his passage, which man
being also well known unto Sir Thomas Roe, he gave every good

64 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

commendation of him, whereupon it was agreed upon the terms
mentioned he should be sent.

" April 23d, 1620. Mr. Treasurer reported that the commit-
tee appointed in the last court for the drawing a letter for the
Company to the Governor, have met and signified the principal
points of the same if the court shall allow thereof, therein men-
tioning of two very sufficient and able men which are to go as
deputies for the Company and to take charge of two particular gov-
ernments under Sir George Yeardley for ordering and managing
two parts of the public land and tenants, the one for the college,
and for that have dealt Mr. George Thorpe, a gentleman of his
Majesty's privy chamber, and one of his Council for Virginia*
who hath promised with all diligence to have exceeding care
thereof; the other of like sufficiency, but yet to be nameless, to
have charge of the public land and tenants set out in burroughs,
which will be no otherwise chargeable to the Company than for
the present allotting them of land and allowing them tenants
thereunto. And whereas, Sir George Yeardley offereth to serve
the Company gratis, the Company hold it not requisite to accept
of his offer, but rather to dispose some part of his liberality
another ways, that therefore he (as they intend to covenant with
such as may succeed him) shall leave on the Governor's land as
many tenants at the expiration of his government as he findeth
or went with there on his entrance, or afterwards shall be sent
unto him.

" And whereas, Captain Argoll, in the time of his suspension
from the place of admiral, authorized Abraham Peirsey, the cape
merchant, to be his deputy or vice-admiral, which he could not
do till by applying he had frustrated the said suspension, there-
fore the Company have held it fit that the execution of that office
should be referred to the Governor and Council of State, and to
such under them as they shall appoint.

" And whereas, the Governor and Council there have allowed
of certain fees to be due unto the secretary of his place, and have
sent it him for confirmation, the committee first and now the
court perusing the same, found them so oppressive that they
found them intolerable, and therefore held it convenient that he
should have no fees at all, but that the Company would allow
them certain land and tenants, and so to live upon that, but for
his dark to allow him 6d. or 4d. in the crown there set down,

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 56

which belonging to the laws of government and magistracy to be
there established is referred thereto.

''And whereas, a complaint is made of the cape merchant by
the planters of double and treble rates set upon the goods con-
trary to the adventurers' order, that therefore the Governor and
Council be authorized to make him produce his writings and in-
voices to examine whether he hath dealt fairly or no, and return
information to the Company.

** Other things of smaller consequence being likewise to be in-
serted, was committed to the trust of the committee to perform,
and so the letter being put to the question was allowed and con-
firmed, agreeing that it shall be signed by the Treasurer, deputy,
and committee in the behalf of the Company.

" He also signified that Mr. George Yeardley desired for his
better directions the laws for government and magistracy, which
although a committee was long since chosen for the same, yet
for other business of main consequence they have not proceeded
therewith, requesting that now when all the ships are gone and
other businesses settled, they would grant him so much liberty
for his refreshing as to retire himself for three or four weeks into
the country, in which time he would spend his studies in collect-
ing and framing such laws as may agree so near as may be to
the laws of this realm and his Majesty's instructions, from which
if he swerve in anything it shall not pass till the King have ap-
proved thereof, it being not fit that his Majesty's subjects |^ould
be governed by any other laws than by such as shall receive in-
fluence of life from his Majesty : whereupon, with many thanks
for his care, his request was granted.

"April 8th, 1620. Intelligence was given that Mr. Nicholas
Ferrar, the elder, being translated from this life into a better,
had by his' will bequeathed ;^300 towards the converting of in-
fidels' children in Virginia, to be paid unto Sir Edwin Sandis
and Mr. John Ferrar at such time as upon certificate from thence
ten of the said infidels' children shall be placed in the college to be
then disposed of by the said Sir Edwin Sandys and John Ferrar
according to the true intent of his said will, and that in the mean
time, till that were performed, he hath tied his executors to pay
8 p. cent, for the same unto three several honest men in Vir-
ginia (such as the said Sir Edwin Sandys and John Ferrar shall
approve of,) of good life and fame, that will undertake each of

66 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

them to bring up one of the said children in the grounds of
Christian religion ; that is to say, ;^8 yearly apiece.

"An unknown person hath also given ten pounds for some uses
in Virginia.

" Mr. Treasurer signified that having perused the Acts of the
General Assembly, he found them in their greatest part to be very
well and judiciously carried and performed, but because they are
to be ratified by a great and general court, therefore he hath writ
unto them that till then they cannot be confirmed, but in the
mean time he moved that a select committee of choice men might
be appointed to draw them into head and to ripen the business,
that it might be in a readiness against the said court.

** Whereupon it was held requisite that accordingly four of the
Council and four of the generality should be chosen for the ef-
fecting thereof, which being well allowed, the Council was nomi-
nated. Sir John Dauers, Mr. Thomas Gibbs, and Mr. Deputy
and Mr. Broke, of the generality, Sir Thomas Wroth, Mr.
Samuel Wrote, Mr. Berblock, and Mr. Cranmer, and many of the
Company as please, who are entreated to meet at Mr. Treasurer's
upon Wednesday seven-night, at 8 of the clock in the forenoon,
and then agree when to meet and as of as they please.

" May II, 1620. The court, taking notice from Sir William
Throgmorton that one of the maids which Sir Thomas Dale
brought from Virginia, a native of that country, who sometimes
dwelt a servant with a mercer in Cheapside, is now very weak of
a consumption at Mr. Gough's" in Black Friers, who hath great
care and taketh great pains to comfort her, both in soul and
body, whereupon for her recovery the Company are agreed to
be at the charge of 20s. a week for this two months, if it please
God she be not before the expiration thereof restored to health

*'Rev. Wm. Gouge, D. D. ; educated at Cambridge ; an eminent Puri-
tan ; cousin of Rev. Alexander Whitaker, called by Bancroft the Apostle
of Virginia, and was noted for active benevolence as well as scholar-
ship and pulpit oratory. In 1643 he was a member of the celebrated
Westminster Assembly of Divines, and frequently occupied the Mode-
rator's chair. After a pastorate of forty-five years at Blackfriars, Lon-
don, he died 12th December, 1653, aged seventy-nine. When offered
more profitable positions he always declined, saying that *' his highest
ambition was to go from Blackfriars to Heaven."— iV3?«//*j Virginia
Company, p. 103.

• VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 57

or die in the mean season, for the administering of physic and
cordials for her health, and that the first payment begin this day
seven-night, because Mr. Treasurer for this- year reported his
accompts were shut up, Sir William Throgmorton, out of his
own private purse, for the same purpose hath promised to give
40S. ; all which money is ordered to be paid to Mr. Gough thro'
the good affiance the Company have of his careful managing
thereof

"Mr. Treasurer signified that the ship called the Bona Adven-
ture, last dispeeded, came not unto the Downs till Sunday last;
by reason whereof he staid out the full time granted him by the
Company, during which time he hath performed the Company's
business so carefully that to his remembrance he not omitted any
thing committed to his trust, by reason whereof he hath not done
any thing to the laws ; hoping he shall be excused, considering
the business for dispatch, for the ship was not to be suspended
with, who to his knowledge is now out of the Downs and on her
way to Virginia.

••Whereas, Sir Nathaniel p.ich hath, by order of the court,
had some conference two or three times with General Cecil about
ai\ engineer to be sent to Virginia, the Company hath since dealt
with Sir Horatio Veer, who is also exceeding willing and ready
to assist them with his best furtherance, so that by both their
means they may be the better supplied.

*• Touching the point of mitigation of the imposition being by
a committee at Sir Thomas Smith*s agreed what course to take
therein, which by Mr. Alderman Johnson was absent, it was
referred till his coming to the Court to understand what is done
in it and of the success thereof.

" The order made by the Lord Duke and the Lord Arundle,
upon reference unto them in the behalf of the south and north
colonies, a copy whereof being procured, it gave not satisfaction
to the one colony or the other; whereupon, for as much as the
north colony hath petitioned to the King for obtaining a new
patent, and therein to declare the one colony to have privilege
within the other, this Company finding themselves grieved thereby,
being a means to debar them from the immunities his Majesty hath
freely and graciously granted them for matter of fishing. It is
likewise agreed that a petition be exhibited to his Majesty from
this Company for the maintenance thereof, and that some of the

58 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

lords of the Privy Council, which are of this society, be en-
treated to deliver it from them ; for performance of which the
court hath requested Mr, Treasurer, who hath assented, to see
it affected.

' * Whereas, it was agreed that two worthy and sufficient men
should be sent as deputies from the Company to take care of
two parts of the public land — viz., the college and the Com-
pany's; for the first, it is already divulged who is gone and of
what worth and sufficiency ; for the other, although he be not yet
going, yet he is not inferior to the other, but is yet to be name-
less, the thing he stands of is matter of entertainment, which will
be no other charge to the Company, the allotting him land and
transporting him tenants thereunto, and his being accordingly
placed, the first upon the Company's land at Elizabeth City at
the coming in of the river, Sir George Yeardley in the midst
where the Governor's land is, and Mr. Thorpe at the up end of
the college land. The public will from henceforth be preserved
from the malice and private ends of any one whatsoever; where-
upon, for the instituting of which, and agreeing with the second
deputy for his entertainment, the court hath referred it to Sir
John Dauers, Mr. Deputy, Mr. Samuel Wrote and Mr. Delbridge,
who are desired to meet at Mr. Treasurer's to-morrow at two of
the clock.

" The fees allowed of in Virginia by the Governor and Council
there unto John Porey,** Secretary of the State, being disavowed
by the last court, it was therefore referred to the aforesaid com-
mittee to reward his labour in another kind.

** The committees appointed for the drawind and collecting of
the Acts of the General Assembly in heads, now reported that,
by the final light given unto them how to proceed, they have
done little therein, and therefore desired better to understand
their charge, and that by reason of shortness of time some more

*'John Pory, born 1570, and educated at Caius College, Cambridge,
where he received the degree of M. A., 1610 ; member of the House of
Commons the same year, but soon began to travel extendedly, and in
1619 became Secretary of the colony of Virginia. He returned to
England in 1621, but came again to Virginia as a member of a commis-
sion of inquiry into the state of the colony, in 1623, remaining until the
summer of 1624. He published a Geographical History of Africa in
1600, and died about 1635.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 69

may be added unto them that the business may be divided,
otherwise it will be hardly performed; whereupon was added
unto the other Sir Henry Ranisforde, Mr. Herbert and Mr.
Bamford, who have appointed to meet at Mr. Treasurer's on
Saturday at 8 of the clock, not only to collect them into heads,
but to examine, weigh them and deliver their opinions and
judgments of them.

**May the 15th, 1620. Mr. Caswell signified that by some of
the adventurers of the magazine who met lately at Sir Thomas
Smith's, order was given that bills should be set upon the ex-
change for the sale of the tobacco and sassafras. Whereupon, at
the times as was there exprest for the sale of it, sundry adven-
turers met at Sir Thomas Smith's and divers strangers, and the
tobacco being divided into three sorts and put to sale by the
candle, which was adjudged as followeth : the best sort of new
tobacco at 2s. lod. to William Caninge, and the two worser sorts
being old tobacco to Mr. Alderman Johnson, who bid 2s. the
pound for the one and I2d. the pound for the other; therefore
he was to certify this court from him that if any pleased to give
a farth'g more in a pound they should have it. Whereupon
grew a disputation of the base price it was sold for, holding it
more convenient to have it burnt than so to pass, which by com-
putation, all charges being born, yielded not above 4d. the pound,
notwithstanding at length it was agreed that the old tobacco sold
to Mr. Alderman at the prices aforesaid, in regard it was old and
defective, should stand, and that the new should be put into the
hands of some trusty mari to sell it to the utmost benefit of the
adventurers, and they to be allowed some reasonable recompense
for their pains, which being put to the question for approbation
was ratified by erection of hands.

" The committee appointed for to consider of certain land and
tenants, which the court thought fit to be granted unto Mr. John
Porey, and thereby to annihilate the intolerable fees granted by
the Governor and Council of State there and sent hither for rati-
fication, reported now that having taken the same into consider-
ation they held it requisite that for the present he have five hun-
dred acres of land allotted for him and his successors, and twenty
men to be planted thereupon, to be transported at the Company's
charge, ten to be sent this year and ten next year, which here-
after may be enlarged as the Company shall see cause, which

60 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

being put to the approbation of the Court was allowed and con-
firmed by general consent.

** For the committee chosen for the Acts of the General Assem-
bly, Mr. Treasurer signified that they had taken extraordinary
pains therein, but for as much as they were exceeding intricate
and full of labour, he in their behalf desired the court to dispense
with them until the quarter-court in mid-summer term, which
will be about six weeks hence, which the court, with many thanks
unto the committees for their great pains, willingly assented
unto it.

"There was now divers and sundry shares presented to be
passed, approved by the auditors : one bill of ten shares from
my Lord of Dorset to Henry Mannering, six shares to six seve-
ral persons by Captain John Bargrave, one to Sir John Thom-
burough, one to Sir John Collet, gentleman; one to Sir Thomas
Collet, gentleman ; one to Thomas Masterson, and one to Augus-
tine Lynsell, batchelor in divinity ; Thomas Mellinge, one share
to John Cuffee ; George Piercy, four shares to Christopher Mar-
tin, and lastly, Thomas Harris to Thomas Comb, which the court
satisfied and confirmed.

**At a quarter court held the 17th of May, 1620, there were
present the Right Honorable —

The Earl of Southampton, Sir John Wolstenholme, Kn't,

The Earl of Warwick, Sir John Bingley, Knight,

The Earl of Devonshire, Sir Edward Lawley, Kn't,

The Lord Viscount Doncaster, Sir Thomas Tracey, Kn't,

The Lord Cavendish, Sir William Maynard, Kn*t,**

The Lord Pagett, Sir Thomas Roe, Knight,

The Lord Houghton, Sir John Merrick, Knight,

The Lord Sheffield, Sir Robert Mansell, Kn't,

Sir Edwin Sandys, Kn't, Trea- Sir Thomas Grantham, Kn't,

turer. Sir Henry Rainsford, Kn't,

Sir Nicholas Tufton, Knight, Sir Dudley Diggs, Kn't,

Sir Francis Leigh, Knight, Sir Thomas Wilford, Kn't,

Sir John Sammes, Knight, Sir Francis Elgioke, Kn't,

Sir Robert Killegrew, Kn't, Sir Thomas Wroth, Kn't,

** Created Lord Maynard of Wicklowe, in Ireland, in May, 1620, and
Baron Maynard of Easton, Essex, in March, 1628 ; died iSth December,
1639 ; ancestor of Viscount Maynard, of Easton Lodge and Shern Hall.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON.

61

Sir John Dauers, Knight/* . .
Sir Thomas Cheeke, Knight,
Sir William Fleetwood, Kn't,
Sir Henry Crofts, Knight,
Sir William Harrick, Kn*t,
Sir Walter Earle. Knight,
John Wroth, Esq'r,
Mr. Doctor Anthony,
Edward Herbert, Esquire,
Thomas Gibbes, Esquire,
Christopher Brooke, Esquire,
Mr. Dr. Gulstone,
John Bargrave, Esquire,
George Sandis, Esquire,
Mr. Arthur Bromfield,
Mr. Edward Gibbs,
Mr. Thomas Gibs,
Mr. John Smith,
Mr. John Porter,
Mr. Richard Tomlyns,

Mr. Berkeley,

John HoUoway,

Capt. Lawrence Maisterson,

Capt. Samuel ArgoU,

Capt. Edward Brewster,

Capt. Daniel Tucker,

Capt. Ward,

Mr. Barkham,

Mr. Thomas Maisterson,

Mr. John Collet,

Mr. Edward Palavicni,

Mr. Augustin Linsele,

Mr. George Ruggle,

Mr. Thomas Wells,

Sir Lawrence Hide, Kn't,
Sir Nathaniel Rich, Kn't,
Sir Francis Kennaston, Kn't,
Sir William Russel, Kn't,
Sir Thomas Button, Kn't,
Mr. John Ferrar, Deputy,
Edward Clark, Esq'r,
Nicholas Hide, Esquire,**
Mr. George Swinhowe,
Christopher Earle, Esquire,
Mr. Dr. Winstone,
Samuel Wrote, Esquire,
Henry Reighnolds, Esquire,
Mr. Richard Rogers,
Mr. Thomas Keightley,
Mr. Thomas Sheppard,
Mr. Henry Briggs,
Mr. James Bearblock,
Mr. William Cranmer,
Mr, Nicholas Ferrar,
Mr. Robert Smith,
Mr. William Caminge,
Mr. Nicholas Leate,
Mr. Humphry Hanford,
Mr. Robert Bell,
Mr. Humphry Slancy,
Mr. William Leveson,
Mr. Casewell,
Mr. George Smith,
Mr. Edwards,
Mr. Whitley,
Mr. George Scot,
Mr. Edmon Scot,
Mr. Chamberlyn,

** Step-father of the poet, George Herbert, and later in life one of the
signers of the death-warrant of Charles the First.

^ Third son of Lawrence Hyde, of West Hatch, in Wiltshire, (grand-
father of Earl Clarendon and Lord Chancellor). He was knighted in
1627, and made Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

62

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Swift,
Mr. Madison,
Mr. Palmer,
Mr. Barber,
Mr. Fishborn,
Mr. Covell,
Mr. Felgate,
Mr. Combes,
Mr. Piercy,
Mr. Barron,
Mr. Goodyear,
Mr. Widowes,
Mr. King,
Mr. Shipton,
Mr. Bland,
Mr. Bull.
Mr, Cletherow,
Mr. Morrice,
Mr. Price,
Mr. Stiles,
Mr. Mellinge,
Mr. Menerell,
Mr. Paulston,
Mr. Bolston,

** 1620, May 17th. This day being ordained to be a great and
general quarter- court by his Majesty's gracious letters patents
for this Company, and being summoned by Mr. Treasurer to
meet both forenoon and afternoon, according to the authority
given him to the standing order of court; and accordingly meet-
ing, there were presented five patents or pairs of indentures for
land: one pair to the Society of Smith's Hundred, which at a
meeting amongst themselves (in regard Sir Thomas Smith had
assented to part with his interest therein, so he might have the
money he had disbursed in that action) they altered the name
and agreed that from thence it should be called Southampton
Hundred.

*' 2. The second to Captain John Bargrave and his associates.

* * 3. The third to Captain John Ward and his associates.

** 4. The fourth to John Poyns, Esq'r., and his associates.

Mr. Abdy,
Mr. Dike,
Mr. Bateman,
Mr. Monar,
Mr. Lever,
Mr. Wiseman,
Mr. Jadwin,
Mr. Chambers,
Mr. Bagwell,
Mr. Roberts,
Mr. Woodall,
Mr. Cuffe,
Mr. Collet,
Mr. Buckeridge,
Mr. Darnelly,
Mr. Ditchfield,
Mr. Sywarde,
Mr. Hackett,
Mr. Nicholls,
Mr. Martin,
Mr. Sparrowe,
Mr. Peter Arundle,
and many others.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 63

'* 5. The fifth to John Berkeley, Esq'r., and his associates; all
which patents and indentures being read, were well approved of,
and being put to the question, received a general confirmation,
agreeing that in the afternoon the legal seal for the Company
should be unto them all affixed.

•* In the afternoon, before they proceeded in any business, one
Mr. Kirkham, agent sent from the King, presented himself to
the board, and signified to the court that his Majesty, under-
standing of the election of their Treasurer, which they intended
this day to make choice of, out of an especial care and respect
he hath to that plantation, hath required him to nominate unto
them four, out of which his pleasure is, the Company should
make choice of one to be their Treasurer, that was Sir Thomas
Smith, Sir Thomas Roe, Mr. Alderman Johnson and Mr. Maurice
Abbot," and no other.

" The Assembly was then * greater by much than was in the
forenoon.* Proceeding to the accustomable manner, the counts
were read; after which Mr. Treasurer signified to the court the
Company's former resolution for entertainment of two new
officers by the name of two deputies to govern two parts of the
public land in Virginia. One was Mr. George Thorpe, well
known to the Company for his sufficiency, who is already gone,
and have deputed him to govern the college land, with grant of
300 acres, to be perpetually belonging to that place, and ten
tenants to be placed upon land. The other of the same worth
now present, called Mr. Thomas Neuce,*® touching whom it was
agreed that he should take charge of the Company's land and
tenants in Virginia whatsoever, and for his entertainment have
ordered that he and such as shall succeed him shall in that place
have 1,200 acres of land set out belonging to that office, 600 at

*' Governor of the East India Company, one of the farmers of the
customs, and sheriff, alderman, mayor and representative in Parliament
in London; knighted April, 1625; died 1640.

*^ Brother of Sir William Newce, marshal of the colony. Both ap-
pear to have died in 1623. In a communication of the late Hugh Blair
Grigsby, LL.D., to Charles Deane, LL.D., dated April 14, 1867, and
published in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society of
that year, he offers the supposition that the point Newport News, in
Virginia, now a thriving town, derived its component name from Cap-
tain Christopher Newport and Sir William Newce.

64 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Kiquotan (now called Elizabeth City), 400 at Charles City, 100
at Henrico, 100 at James City, and for the managing of this land
have further agreed that he shall have forty tenants to be placed
thereupon, whereof twenty to be sent presently, and the other
twenty in the two springs ensuing; all which, being now put to
the question, received a general approbation of this quarter-
court, who gave also to Mr. Neuce ^^150 towards the furnishing
of himself out for that place.

" And it is also agreed upon the request of Mr. Nuce, whereas
sundry gentlemen for his sake would adventure their money in
this action, that such money so adventured shall be wholly em-
ployed to the better peopling of that land which he hath granted
unto him.

** It was agreed and confirmed at this court that Mr. Porey,
the secretary, and his successors in that place, should have 500
acres of land belonging to that office and twenty tenants to be
planted thereupon, whereof ten to be sent this year and ten the
next year, and the Secretary there from henceforward should
receive no fees for himself, and the fees to be paid his clerk for
writing and other charges to be rated there by the court.

" This business being thus ordered, Mr. Treasurer, according
to the standing laws of the Company, before the giving up of his
place, proceeded to declare unto the court the state of the colony,
together with the supplies of this year and the present state of
the treasury, how both he found it and now should leave it; first
then he declared that it appeared by a general letter written
from the general colony and directed to this Company; that at
the latter arrival of the ship, called the George, in Virginia, which
was in April, 161 8, the number of men, women and children was
about 400, of which about 200 was most as was able to set hand
to husbandry, and but one plough was going in all the country,
which was the fruit of full twelve years labour, and above one
hundred thousand marks expences, disbursed out of the public
treasury over and above the sum of between 8,000 and 9,000
pounds debt into which the Company was brought, and besides
the great expences of particular adventurers. The colony being
thus weak, and the treasury utterly exhaust, it pleased divers
lords, knights, gentlemen and citizens (grieved to see this great
action fall to nothing) to take the matter anew in hand, and at
their private charges (joining themselves into societies) to set up

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 65

divers particular plantations, whereof the first of any moment,
now called Southampton's Hundred, hath had 310 persons sent
unto it; the next, called Martin's Hundred, above two hundred
persons, and some others in like sort, so that at the coming away
of Captain Argoll at Easter, 16 19, there were persons in the
colony near 1,000.

''But as the private plantations began this to increase so con-
trary wise the estate of the public for the setting up whereof about
;^7,500 had been spent, grew into utter consumption, for whereas
the Deputy Governor, at his arrival in that place, which was in
or about May, 1617, hath left and delivered to him by his prede-
cessor a portion of public land called the Company's garden,
which yielded unto them in one year about ;^300 profit. Fifty-
four servants employed in that same garden and in salt-works set
up for the service of the colony ; tenants, eighty-one yielded a
yearly rent of corn and services, which rent-corn, together with
the tribute corn from the barbarians, amounted to above twelve
hundred of our bushels by the year ; kine, eighty ; goats, eighty-
eight. About two years after — viz., Easter, 1619— at the coming
away of the said Deputy Governor, his whole estate of the public
was gone and consumed, there being not left at that time to the
Company either the land aforesaid or any tenant, servant, rent
or tribute-corn, cow or salt*work, and but six goats only, with-
out one penny yielded to the Company for their so great loss in
way of accompt or restitution to this very day.

'* This is also further to be known that whereas, about two or
three years before there had been sent some to the Company within
the compass of fourteen months eleven several commodities, they
were all by this time reduced to two, namely, tobacco and sassa-
fras, and the planting and providing of corn so utterly neglected
that the dearth grew excessive, had not the same been speedily
released from hence by two hundred quarters of meal sent thither
at one time by the magazine, and this was the state of the colony
in Virginia in Easter term, 161 9, at which time he was chosen to
their service in this place.

" What in this year hath been performed by this Company for
the advancement of the plantation least he might fail in memory
and report of the several numbers he hath reduced into writing;
which he then presented and read to the court, the tenor whereof
here ensueth :

66 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

** A note of the shipping men and provisions sent to Virginia
by the treasurer and the Company, Anno, 1619 :

"The Bona Nova of 200 tons, sent August, 1619. with 120
persons.

"The Duty of 70 tons, sent in January, 1619, with 051 per-
sons.

The Jonathan of 350 tons, sent February, 1619, with 200 per-
sons.

" The Tryall of 200 tons, sent February, 1619, with 040 persons
and 60 kine.

** The Faulcon of 150 tons, sent February, 1619, with 036 per-
sons, 52 kine and 4 mares.

" The Merchant, of London, of 300 tons, sent in March, 1619,
with 200 persons.)

"The Swan, of Barnstable, of 1,000 tons, March, 1619, with
071 persons.

" The Bona Venture of 240 tons, in April, 1620, with 153 per-
sons.

'* Besides these set out by the Treasurer and Company, there
hath been set out by particular adventurers for private planta-
tions:

" The Garland, of 250 tons, sent in June, 1619, with 45 per-
sons, who are yet detained in the Somer Islands.

** A ship of Bristol, of 80 tons, sent in September, 1619, with
45 persons.

" There are also two ships in providing, to be gone shortly for
about 300 persons more to be sent- by private adventurers to Vir-
ginia :

'* Sum of the persons ----- 1,261
" Whereof in eight ships set out by the Treasurer and

Company, - . - - - - 871

" Of these there are sent for public and other pious uses these
ensuing :

" Tenants for the Governor's land, and besides 50 sent the

former spring, ------ 080

"Tenants for the Company's land, - - - 130

" Tenants for the College land, - - - - 100

" Tenants for the ministers' glebe land, - - - 050

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 67

" Young maidens to make wives for so many of the for-
mer tenants, ------ 090

" Boys to make apprentices for those tenants, - - 106

" Servants for the public, ----- 050

"Men sent by their labours to bear up the charge of
bringing up thirty of the infidels in true religion and
civility, ------- 050

" Sum of persons for the public use is, - - - 650

" The commodities which these people are directed principally
to apply (next their own necessary maintenance) are these ensu-
ing :

** Iron, for which are sent one hundred and fifty persons to set
up three iron-works, proof having been made of the extraordi-
nary goodness of that iron.

"Cordage, for which, besides hiemp and flax, directions is
given for planting of silk grass naturally growing in those parts
in great abundance, which is approved to make the best cordage
and line in the world. Of this every household is bound to set
one hundred plants and the Governor himself to set five thousand.

"Pitch and tar, potashes, and soap ashes, for the making
whereof the Polanders are returned to their works.

** Timber of all sorts, with masts, planks and boards for pro-
vision of shipping, and there being no good timber for all uses
in any one known country whatsoever, and for the ease and in-
crease of divers of those works, provision is sent of men and
materials for the setting up of sundry sawing-mills.

"Silk, for which that country is exceeding proper, having
innumerable store of mulberry- trees of the best, and some silk-
worms naturally found upon them producing excellent silk, some
whereof is to be seen, for the setting up of which commodity his
Majesty has been graciously pleased now the second time, the
former having miscarried, to bestow upon the Company plenty of
silk-worm seed of his own store, being the best.**

" Vines, whereof the country yieldeth naturally great store of
sundry sorts, which by culture will be brought to excellent per-

• The rearing of silk-worms was revived by Edward Digges in 1654,
and in 1668 a present of silk was sent to Charles II.

68 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

fection, for the effecting whereof divers skilful vignerons are
sent, with store also from hence of vine* plants of the best
sort."

" Salt, which works having been lately suffered to decay, are
now ordered to be set up in so great plenty as not only to serve
the colony for the present, but it is hoped in short time also the
great fishing on those coasts.

** For the following, working and perfecting of these commodi-
ties, all provisions necessary for the present are sent in good
abundance, as likewise the people that go are plentifully fur-
nished with apparel, bedding, victuals for six months, imple-
ments both for house and labour, armour, powder, and many
necessary provisions. Provision is also made for those of the
colony which were there before, yet without any prejudice to the
former magazine.

" There have been given to the colony this year by devout
persons these gifts ensuing :

" Two persons unknown have given fair plate and rich orna-
ments for two communion tables, whereof one for the college,
and the other for the church of Mrs. Mary Robinson's founding,
who the former year by her will gave ;^2oo towards the founding
of a church in Virginia.

"Another unknown (together with a goodly letter) hath lately
sent to the treasurer ;^550 in gold for the bringing up of children
of the infidels, first in the knowledge of God and true religion,
and next in fit trades whereby honestly to live.

" Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, deceased, hath by his will given ;^300
to the college in Virginia, to be paid when there shall be ten of
the infidels' children placed in it, and in the meantime £2^ by

" Before 1648 Captain William Brocas, a member of the Council of
the colony, who had travelled abroad, had planted a vineyard and
made most excellent wine ; and before 1715 Robert Beverley, the histo-
rian, had planted a vineyard of three acres of native vines. The Palatines
at Spotswood*s settlement, Germanna, on the Rappahannock, and the
Huguenots at Manakin-town, on James river, also engaged in vine cul-
ture. Colonel Robert Boiling, of *' Chellowe," Buckingham county, about
1766, laid off there a vineyard of four acres, which he filled with varie-
ties of foreign vines. He prepared a MS. manual on vine culture, which
is in the possession of the editor. Anthony Winston, in offering his
plantation ** Huntington," in Buckingham county, for sale— Ftr^wia

• VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 59

year to be distributed unto three discreet and godly men in the
colony, which shall honestly bring up three of the infidels* chil-
dren in Christian religion and some good course to live by.

"An unknown person sent to the Treasurer the sum of ;^io for
advancing the plantation.

" There have been patents granted this year for particular plan-
tations :

1. To Mr. Wincopp."

2. To Mr. Heath, Recorder of London.

3. To Doctor Bohunn.

4. To Mr. Delbridge.

5. To Mr. Trade.

6. To Mr. Pierce.

7. To Mr. Poynte.

8. To Mr. Barksley.

9. To Southampton Hundred.

10. To Captain Bargrave.

11. To Captain Warde.

Who have undertaken to transport to Virginia great multitudes
of people with store of cattle.

'* After which writing being read, Mr. Treasurer proceeded to
tell the court the state of his accompt, as well as for the Com-
pany's general cash as for the cash of the college; and first he
saith he hath received no warrant for disbursement of their
money, but such as he knew to be just and necessary ; that in
the book of accompts he exhibited to the court, audited and ap-
proved by five of the seven auditors, and the other two being
away, he hath distinctly set down the particular reasons as well
of his several receipts as of his several disbursements, the brief
whereof ensueth :

Gazette, July 13, 1775 — states : " At this place I made one hundred gal-
lons of wine in 1772, and last year if it had not been for the frost I could
have made five hundred or six hundred gallons, which quantity I expect
to make this year.'* Philip Mazzie, the patriot, established a vineyard
at ** Colle." near " Monticello," in 1773. The place being rented during
the Revolution to the Baron de Reidisel, one of the Saratoga Conven-
tion prisoners, the vineyards were destroyed by his horses.

^ Rev. John Wincopp, brother of Rev. Dr. Samuel and of Rev. Thomas
Wincopp. — NeilPs Va. Company t page 128.

70 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Receipts for the general cash —
Remaining of the last year, ...
Old debts and duties recovered,
Bills of adventure, - . - -

Lottery money, - - - .

For passengers and freight with some catde
sold, - - - - -

Money lent repaid, ....
Of the city for loo children sent to Virginia, -
Money given, . . - -

Sum is - - -

Disbursements out of the general cash-
Old debts and duties discharged.
Setting out ship, men and provisions.
Officers' wages, - - -

Petty charges laid out by the officers,

Sum is -

Receipts —
Receipts for the college.
Disbursements for the college,

" Mr. Treasurer also declared that for any business done this
year he had not left the Company, to his knowledge, one penny
in debt, except perhaps the remain of some charges at Plymouth,
whereof the accompt was not yet come in, and excepting that
which should grow due upon the freight of ships according to
the contracts made with them by the court ; and lastly, that he
had left in stock for the lotteries twelve hundred pounds more
than was left the former year.

** He proceeded then to declare that divers great sums having,
by warrant, been paid by him to Mr. Deputy to be disbursed by
him and the committees for furnishing men and provisions to
Virginia, there was by Mr. Deputy exhibited to the court an ex-
act account of his doing expressed in three books ; whereof the
first was an accompt of the particulars of all the money by him

£

s.

d.

III

12

2

1,442

04

I

37

10

7.000

00

0,809

08

8

20

00

400

00

10

00

;^9i830

14

II

£

s.

d.

3.707

17

02

.6,598

00

06

0,112

10

00

13

06

II

;^io,43i

14

07

2,043

02

Hi

1,477

15

5.0

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 71

disbursed, which has been examined and approved as well by
the committees as by the auditors, as appeared under their
hands.

"The second was a catalogue of all the provisions that were
sent this year to Virginia set down in exact manner after the use
of merchants.

" The third book containeth a catalogue of the names of all
the persons sent this year at the public charge to Virginia, to-
gether with their several countries, trades and ages; he could not
but very greatly commend Mr. Deputy for his fidelity, care and
industry, who, neglecting his private business, had employed his
whole time, together with the great help and assistance of his
brethren, in performing so well his charge full of incredible
trouble.

'* Lastly, he concluded with his respective thanks, first to the
Company in general for their love in choosing him, and then par-
ticularly to the Lords for their so frequent presence to the gracing
of the court and great assistance of the business, to the officers
for their faithfully joining with him in the supporting of his
brethren ; and again to the court in general for bearing with his
unwilling errors and other natural infirmities ; so delivering up
his office, together with the seals, he desired the court to proceed
in election of their Treasurer, according to the message lately
received from his Majesty, and thereupon withdrew himself out
of court.

" Upon which, this great and general court found themselves,
upon a deliberate consideration of the matter, at an exceeding
pinch, for if they should not do as the King had commanded
they might incur suspicion of defect in point of duty, from which
they protested they were and would be free ; on the other side,
if they should proceed according to the limits of that message,
they suffered a great breach into their privilege of free election
granted by his Majesty's letters -patents, which they held fit
rather to lay down with all submission and duty at his Majesty's
feet than to be deprived of their privilege ; and thereupon, pe-
rusing the said letters-patents, after long arguing and debating
it was concluded by a general erection of hands that the election
might and should be adjourned to the next quarter-court, not-
withstanding any order made by the Company to the contrary.

''Whereupon, forasmuch as it manifestly appeared that his

72 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Majesty had been much misinformed of the managing of their
business this last year, it was agreed, according to the opinion
aforesaid, that the day of election should be put off till the next
great and general court, some six weeks hence, in midsummer
term, and till they understood the King's further pleasure, and in
the interim they entreated the Right Honourable the Lord of
Southampton, Viscount Doncaster, the Lord Cavendish, the
Lord Sheffield," Sir John Dauers, Sir Nicholas Tufton, Sir Law-
rence Hide, Mr. Christopher Brooke, Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Herbert,
Mr. Keightley, and Mr. Cranmer, to meet upon Friday morning
at Southampton House to determine of an humble answer to his
Majesty's message, and to deliver to him a true information, as
well of the former as of this latter year's, of the business for
Virginia, beseeching also that his Majesty would be pleased not
to take from them the privilege of their letters-patents, but that
it might be in their own choice to have free election.

" Upon which, till his Majesty's pleasure were known, Sir Ed-
win Sandys, after much and earnest refusal, at length, upon
earnest request of the whole court, he yielded to set down in his
former place, yet forbearing to receive the seals again or to put
anything to the question ; and other officers were likewise con-
tinued till the same time.

*' It was agreed, being put to the question, that by reason of
this occasion, notwithstanding any order, the business concluded
of after six of the clock should this day be of force.

" May 23d, 1620. Mr. Treasurer desired that before they pro-
ceeded unto other business, he might speak a few words to the
clearing and justifying himself, for whereas it is divulged that he
should incense the Spanish ambassador" against Captain ArgoU,
as also against the Lord North" and Captain North, his brother. .

*' Edmund, third Baron, a celebrated commander in the reign of
Elizabeth, who made him Governor of the Brill and Knight of the
Garter. By James I he was appointed President of the Council for the
North, and in February, 1626-7, Charles I created him Earl of Mul-
grave. He died in 1646.

" Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador, was in high favor with James
I. On the 15th of the month the King had issued a proclamation against
Captain Roger North and his associates, who had secretly embarked for
the Amazon.— AW/T^ Virginia Company^ page 186.

•* Dudley, Lord North, great-grandson of Sir Edward North, an emi-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 73

He vowed and protested that he never did see the Spanish am-
bassador but in the streets ; neither sent or received any message
to or from him ; neither letters or any other writings. Where-
upon, in his behalf it was said it was impossible to be him, it
being set afoot when he was in the country, but that there was
so many of these aspersions that this is no wonder, and that if
they had their right they deserved to receive condign punish-
ment for rumouring such falsities.

"May 31st, 1620. Mr. Treasurer declared that at the last
quarter-court for the Summer Islands, between the time of giving
up of the Governor's place and the new choice of a Governor,
making offer to present some matter to the consideration of that
court concerning (as he conceived) the great danger of those
islands, but being then stopped by some of that court from the
delivery, he would reveal it to this, being a business which mainly
concerneth Virginia, for so long as the same islands shall be in
safety it is probable that none will attempt to surprise Virginia,
but now as the case standeth, the Somer Islands is much fre*
quented by men of war and pirates, with whom the inhabitants
there are grown in great liking by reason of the commodities
they bring unto them, insomuch that in a letter directed from
one of their ministers directed to Sir Thomas Smith, and read
in open court, the robbing of the Spaniard (as being limb of
antichrist) is greatly commended, and the ship called the Trea-
surer, after her robbing of the Spaniard belonging to Captain
ArgoU, is there entertained, and divers men of war set out to the
same end are there refreshed. One Kirby, also a profest pirate,
as is reported, doth haunt those islands, insomuch as if there be
not a strict course taken therein it will be made another Argier.
Therefore, being a business of state and a matter of that conse-
quence, those islands being the safety of Virginia as aforesaid,
his conscience told him that by their oath they were bound to

nent lawyer of the reign of Henry VIII, and a benefactor to the College
of Peterhorn at Cambridge, was bom in 1581, and succeeded to the
title in 1600 ; belonged to the court of Henry, Prince of Wales, and in
the civil war under Charles I adopted the cause of Parliament. He
was the author of " A Forest of Varieties, Exonerations and Privadoes
or Extravagants " ; died in 1666. His eldest son Dudley, Lord North>
is given a place by Walpole in his " Catalogue of Royal and Noble Au-
thors." The family has since been represented with distinction.

74 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

acquaint his Majesty's privy Council therewith to have their ad-
vice and direction therein. But forasmuch as Sir Thomas Smith
is Governor of that Company, it was desired that he might be
acquainted therewith, to know if it were his pleasure to make
choice of some other of the Somer Islands' society to accompany
them. Whereupon Mr. Casewell and Mr. George Smith were
entreated to know Sir Thomas .Smith's pleasure therein, and in
the mean time this court have nominated Sir Edward Sackville,
Sir John Dauers, Mr. Thomas Gibbs, Mr. Deputy, Dr. Win-
stone, Mr. Wrote, and Mr. Berblock to repair unto the Lords at
such time as they know Sir Thomas Smith's resolution.

" May 31, 1620. Mr. Treasurer signified unto the court that
Mr. Deputy had procured Dutch carpenters from Hamborough —
men skilful for the erecting of sawing-mills, who were shordy to
come for England and go to Virginia for that use and the benefit
of the Company, to set up sawing-mills there, for which the
Company gave him thaiiks, as a thing of great benefit and com-
modity to the colony. And appointed that the committees should
be acquainted with the bargain and take order for them when
they come.

''June 23d, 1620. Mr. Treasurer signified unto them that the
Bona Nova, being returned from Virginia, brought very good
news : that the plantation enjoyed peace, health and plenty, but
by reason of his exceeding much business, having not yet perused
the letters, he could report no more at present unto them, but
hoped to do more hereafter.

'* He also acquainted the court of a very difficult work and of
great importance, which was referred to himself and Dr. Win-
stone, of collecting all the adventurers' names from the beginning
into a book to be put in print as now determined.

•'And whereas, sundry foul aspersions have been laid upon
Virginia, to the disgrace thereof, and to that end it was ordered
that an apology should be set out, he told them that both that
and the other should come forth very shortly, in which there had
been taken a great deal of pains as to them who should please to
peruse it would appear.

"June 23d, 1620. Sir Edwin Sandys also moved, that whereas
it is already agreed that the government of the Company's par-
ticular land is taken from Sir Yeardley, not that he held him unfit
for the managing thereof, but by reason of his many other busi-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 75

nesses, unto which place they have deputed Captain Nuse, agree-
ing to send 20 men with him presendy for his own benefit, and
20 hereafter, as they have formerly deputed Mr. Thorpe with
allowance of 10 men to govern the college land, and because the
Secretary should not exact any thing from the inhabitants nor
receive any fees himself, neither his clerks (but such as this
court shall order) ; it was agreed also that he should have 10
men forthwith sent; therefore, moved that for the sending of
these 40 men a ship might presently be dispatched, and that 70
more might be added unto them to make up the 130 upon the
Company's land full 200 persons, there being means for the pur-
formance of it, which, although there is some difficulty to send
at this time of the year by reason of victualling the ship, which
yet with good care and providence may be overcome, and the
passage more dangerous in respect of heat than at other times,
yet for the people to come there in the beginning of winter it is
very advantageous for them to proceed in their labors, and
more wholesome for them to land than at other times of the
year, desiring those that shall succeed him to send no base men,
as also if they thought well of this that then no money be issued
till it be performed, and that ;^2,ooo might be paid unto the
committees immediately from the lotteries, which being well ap-
proved without any opposition, being put to the question was
generally allowed of.

** Mr. Treasurer acquainted the court that the four Dutch car-
penters procured by Mr. Deputy's means for erecting of sawing-
mills in Virginia are now come ever for the service of the Com-
pany, and that in this next ship are fit to be shipped thither.

**June 26, 1620/ Mr. Treasurer signified that according to
the order upon this motion in the last court for a ship to be dis-
peeded upon the occasion there exprest, the general committee
had met and resolved amongst themselves that out of the sixteen
they would make choice of twelve, which should undertake this
charge, being content themselves, if the court should so desire,
to seal the charter party and to lay out so much money for that
purpose as is needful, for which and amongst themselves they
have made choice of Mr. Deputy to be their treasurer, and reck-
oning the charge to be about ;^2,ooo, they desire the order of
the court to save them harmless, as in like case hath been
granted to Mr. Treasurer and Mr. Deputy, and moreover, for

76 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

their better security, moved that a warrant might be made to the
manager of the lotteries to advance unto them so much money
when it is in his hands to be received by them and disbursed
upon account, which the court well approved, and being put to
the question was confirmed by erection of hands.

"The committees also reported that they had seen a ship
which they well liked of as fit for that use.

"A general quarter-court was held the 28th of June, 1620, at
which was present in the forenoon the Right Honourable —

The Lord Pagett, Mr. Newporte,

Sir Edwin Sandys, Kn*t, Trea- Mr. Caswell,

surer, Mr. Nicholas Ferrar,

Sir John Dauers, Mr. Roberts,

Mr. Wroth, Mr. Bromfield,

Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Berblock,

Mr. Palavicnie, Mr. Bull,

Mr. John Ferrar, Deputy, Mr. Swinhow,

Mr. Tomlyns, Mr. Essington,

Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Briggs,

Mr. John Smith, Mr. Wrote,

Mr. Oxenbridge, Mr. Palmer,

Captain Nuse, Mr. Mellinge,

Captain Brewster, Mr. Cuffe,
Mr. Robert Smith, and others.

" Upon notice from Sir George Yeardley that the councellors
in Virginia must needs be supplied, the court hath now chosen
Mr. Thorpe, Mr. Nuse, Mr. Pontus," Mr. Tracey,** Mr. David
Middleton, and Mr. Blewit" to be of the Council of State in Vir-
ginia.

" Whereas, it is agreed that a ship shall presently be sent with
one hundred aAd twenty persons, and that a warrant should be
made to the officer for payment of ;^2,ooo to the committee for

"•John Pountis, Vice-Admiral of Virginia: a cousin of Sir Thomas
Merry ; died in 1623 on his voyage to England.

"William Tracy. His daughter was massacred by the Indians 22d
March, 1622.

"Bennett Blewett, or Bluett, was granted fifty acres of land in
" Warrosquinocke " 15th February, 1635.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 77

their better security, for which they are to account for ; the War-
rant being now put to the question was ratified.

**It was agreed, upon the motion of the last court, that the
standing orders shall presently be put in print and annexed tp a
book newly come out by order from the Council, which book
shall be given to every one this afternoon.

'' The most important business of the great and general quar-
ter-court, held the 28th of June, 1620, was transacted in the
afternoon. There were then present the Right Hon'ble —

Earl of Southampton, Sir Nicholas Tufton,

Earl of Dorsett, Sir Thomas Roe,

Earl of Warwick, Sir Fernando Gorges,

Earl of Devonshire, Sir Anthony Aucher,

Lord Cavendish, Sir Nathaniel Rich,

Lord Sheffield, Sir John Dauers,

Lord Pagett, Sir Philip Cary,

Sir Edward Sackvill, Sir Thomas Weynman,

Sir Edwin Sandys, Treasurer, Sir Walter Earle,

Sir Thomas Smith, Sir John Wolstenholme, with

Sir Dudley Diggs, divers others.

The councellors of State in Virginia propounded in the fore-
noon were confirmed, and to them was now added Mr. Hor-
wood," the chief of Martin's Hundred.

" Mr. Treasurer now the second time surrendered his place.

" The Earl of Southampton acquainted this court that himself
with the rest of the Lords and Gentlemen, requested thereunto
by the last quarter-court, had presented their humble desires to
his Majesty for the free election of their Treasurer. Whereunto
his Majesty had most graciously condescended, signifying unto
them that it would be pleasing unto him, they made choice of
such a one as might at all times and occasions might have free
access unto his Royal Person. And further declaring it was the
mistaking of the messenger having not received the message im-

*^ Thomas Harwood, a member of the Council in 1620-21 ; member of
House of Burgesses 1629-49; Speaker, 1648-49; was sent to England
in 1634 by the House of Burgesses tp justify their action in deposing Sir
John Harvey. On arriving there he was imprisoned, but was released.
Member of the Council in 1653. The nam^ has since been prominent
in Virginia.

78 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

mediately from his own royal mouth, to exclude them from the
liberty of choosing any but the four nominated, whom his
Majesty's intent was indeed to recommend, but not so as to barr
the Company from the choice of any other.

** Whereupon, the whole court rendered to his Majesty all
humble thanks, and ordered that, by writing, it should be signi-
fied unto his Majesty.

" Then Mr. Herbert delivered unto the Company, that whereas,
by some distractions and dissentions in the Company, the busi-
ness much suffered in the reputation and otherwise, they should
now think of some person of such worth and authority as might
give full remedy thereunto, which since it could not be performed
by the late Treasurer, a man of that great ability and sufficiency,
together with his industry and integrity as of his rank there
could not be found any to pass him, there was now left no hope
unless it might please some of those honourable personages then
present to vouchsafe to accept of the place, who, by addition of
nobility, might effect that which others by mere ability could
not do.

" Which motion being exceedingly approved, the whole court
immediately, with much joy and applause, nominated the Earl of
Southampton with much earnestness, beseeching his Lordship,
that for the redeeming of this noble plantation and Company
from the ruins that seem to hang over it, he would vouchsafe to
accept of the place of Treasurer.

'* Which it pleased him, after some final pause, in fine to do
in very noble manner out of the worthy love and affection that
he bare to the plantation, and the court, in testimonial of their
bounden thankfulness and of the great favour and respect they
owed him, did resolve to surcrease the ballotting-box, and with
out nomination of any other, by erection, his Lordship was
chosen Treasurer and took his oath. Which done, his Lordship
desired the Company that they would all put on the same minds
with which he had accepted that place.

**And the court further declared themselves that it was not
their intent that his Lordship should be further bound to the
performance of the business of this court than his own more
weighty business did permit,

" For the place of Deputy this court nominated Mr. Ferrar,
Mr. Keighdey and Mr. Cranmer, who being put to the ballotting-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 79

box, Mr. Ferrar was chosen by plurality of balls, who took his
oath.

'* Auditors were then chosen, amongst whom was Sir Edwin
Sandys, who said that though he had been head he would be
contented to be the foot for the benefit of the plantation. There
were also chosen a committee secretary, husband and beadle.

"July 7th, 1620. Sir Edwin Sandys signified unto this court
that he had a project of much importance which he desired, be-
fore the acts of the former court were read, to impart unto them,
for that it mainly concerned the better managing of their affairs
in Virginia, and good advancement of the plantation there.

* * Whereupon the court granting leave to proceed, he deliv-
ered the matter in writing, which matter he first read entirely
himself to the court, and after it was appointed to be read by the
Secretary by parcels, and each part was weighed and considered
of by the court, and being approved, there were several commit-
tees appointed to the several parts, which writing, with the com-
mittees, being generally ratified by the court, doth here ensue :

^^Propositions considerable for the better managing of the busi-
ness of the Company and advancing of the plantation of Vir-
ginia in this year^ 1620.

" The late distractions of the Company, by partialities and fac-
tions, are first to be removed, and that by taking away the causes
of them, which are two: i, matters of accompts ; 2, and ques-
tioning of Captain ArgolFs government. First, therefore, let Sir
Thomas Smith's accounts be divided into four parts, vizt. : i,
receipts by moneys adventured ; 2, receipts by lotteries, with
payment of the prizes and other charges to them incident ; 3,
receipt by sale of goods returned from Virginia, by fines also,
by collections, and other means whatsoever ; 4, and lastly, his
disbursements. Let the auditors accordingly divide themselves
into four companies, each taking their parts and following them
throughly till they be dispatched ; for their proceeding, let it be
by such rules as they themselves, in a general meeting, shall set
down, and for their ease and quick dispatch let them have the
help of such other of the Company as they shall desire ; let each
Company dispatch his part by AUhatlowtide next, and then all
meet to bring the whole to perfection.

80 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

" I. For the receipts by adventurers — Sir John Dauers, Sir
Edward Sandys.

** 2. For the receipts by lotteries, with payment of the prizes
and other charges — Mr. John Wroth, Mr. Henry Brigs.

** 3. For the receipts by goods from Virginia, with fines, col-
lections, etc. — Mr. Ferrar, Deputy, Mr. William Cranmer.

•* 4. For the disbursements — Mr. Thomas Keightley, Mr. Wil-
liam Cranmer.

" For other accomptants who refuse or forbear to be ordered
by the auditors, let them, according to a former order of court, be
con vented by the Council, and there the differences be ended
and right done to the Company.

" Touching Captain ArgoU's business, which divided itself into
three parts, vizt. : i. Matter of state. 2. Depredation of the
public, with other wrongs done to the Company. 3. Oppression
of the colony with wrongs done to particular persons. Let each
part be commended unto two choice men, who may make them
fit for hearing against Allhalowtide next, so that the next quarter-
court passing a final sentence in the business of Captain ArgoU,
and perfecting and concluding all matters of accompts, the return
of firm peace and unity may be expected.

'* For matter of state — Sif John Dauers, Mr. Samuel Wrote,
Mr. Edward Herbert.

" For depredation of the public — Mr. Herbert, Mr. Keightley,
Mr. Wrote.

** For oppression of the colony — Sir Edwin Sandys, Mr. John
Ferrar, Mr. James Berblock.

" The next principal matter is the reputation and justice of the
Company in paying their old debts, whereof there may be near
two thousand pounds remaining yet. I wish that after the dis-
patch of this ship and of another pinnace to be shortly set out,
the next employment of money may be in paying those debts ;
and in the meantime that the auditors, with the assistance of all
other ofiicers, make a true examination of those debts and a col-
lection thereof, and present it to the court in the beginning of
next term.

" These matters and troubles in the way being thus cleared, it
foUoweth to proceed in the advancing of the plantation, the
foundation whereof is the getting of moneys, being the sinews
and moving instruments in these great actions.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 81

" Four ways there are of getting in moneys —

" I. The first and most certain is by the lotteries, which must
be continued to the end of this year, if there may be found places
so many where to keep them.

" 2. The second is by debts due to the Company upon sub-
scriptions, whereof there remain yet sixteen thousand pounds.

" This year it is to be hoped they will be cheerfully paid, es»
pecially if there be good order in soliciting the parties ; to which
I wish that a collection be made of all those debts remaining, to
be divided afterwards into three parts according to the several
qualities of the persons indebted — the first, noblemen; the second,
knights and gentlemen; the third, merchants and other citizens —
^nd that the soliciting thereof be committed to three choice pair
of gentlemen and citizens each suited to their fittest parts.

''And those that are or shall be in the city to be solicited in
persons, the rest by letters, to be prepared by these solicitors
and signed as heretofore by all the auditors, wherein also his dis-
cretion is to be observed to begin with the best debts first, and so
to the other.

" For the Lords — Sir Edward Sackvil, Sir John Dauers, Sir
Robert Killegrew, Sir Thomas Roe,* Mr. Brooke.

" Sir Thomas Roe was a distinguished traveller and negotiator, born
at Low Layton, in Essex, about 1580; knighted by James I in 1604, and
soon after commanded an expedition sent by Prince Henry to make
discoveries in America. On his return, by the desire of the East India
Company, he was sent as an Ambassador to the Great Mogul in 1614,
and resided at his court until 1618; his observations upon it maybe
found in "Purchases Pilgrim" and in "Churchill's Voyages." He next
visited the Court of Shah Abbas, in Persia, and negotiated a treaty for
free trade with that country. On his return home, in 1620, he was
elected a Burgess for Cirencester, and the following year was nomina-
ted Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte, which post he held under five
successive Sultans, and rendered numerous and important services to
the commercial interests of his country. During his Embassy, Sir
Thomas drew up " A true and faithful relation of what lately happened
in Constantinople concerning the death of Sultan Osman and the set-
ting up of his uncle Mustnpha." 1622. London. 4to. He also kept
minutes of his negotiations, which remained in MS. until 1740, when they
were published, under the title of " The Negotiations of Sir Thomas
Roe, in his Embassy to the Ottoman Porte." During his residence in
the East he also made a valuable collection of Greek and Oriental MSS.,
which he presented to the Bodleian library, and was constituted the

6

82 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

" For the Knights and Gentlemen — Sir Henry Rainsford, Mr.
Gibbs, Mr. Berblock, Mr. Wrote.

"For Merchants and Citizens — ^Sir John Wolstenholme, Mr.
John Ferrar, Deputy, Mr. Richard Caswell, Mr. Daniel Dar-
nelly.

" 3. The third way of getting in money will be from the ac-
comptants, of which kind of debts, I suppose, there will fall out
much to be due. This is in charge of the auditors.

" 4. The fourth kind is the remaining of the moneys by collec-
tions, there being 3''et nine Bishops from whom nothing hath
come in. There must be some therefore appointed for the
soliciting their Lordships :

" For the soliciting of the Lord Bishops — Sir Edward Sackvill,
Sir Dudley Diggs, Mr. Morrice Abbott.

" Having made these preparations, we are, in the next place, to
proceed to the employing of these moneys to the benefit of the
plantation, which is to be done in three kinds : First, in supplies
of people; second, in supplies of cattle of all sorts ; third, and
lastly, in provisions for setting up the best and richest com-
modity.

" For people I advise that this year there be sent at the publick
charge to Virginia eight hundred persons, vizt :

bearer of the fine Alexandrian MS. of the Greek Bible, sent by Cyril,
patriarch of Alexandria, as a present to Charles I. In 1629 he was sent
as Ambassador to mediate a peace between the kings of Poland and
Sweden, and gained so much credit with Gustavus Adolphus that he
was mainly instrumental to the design, formed by that spirited prince in
1630, to head an expedition into Germany, to restore the freedom of the
Empire. He was subsequently employed in other missions to the Ger-
man princes, and was present at the Congress of Hamburg, and on
its removals to Ratisbon and Vienna. In 1640 he was elected represen
tative for the University of Oxford; and in 1641 was sent to the Diet at
Ratisbon to negotiate for the restoration of the ex-king of Bohemia.
On his return, the king created him a Privy Counsellor and Chancellor
of the Order of the Garter. He died in 1644,. his close of life being much
embittered by the national disturbances of the period, and he left be-
hind him the character of an able and upright mmister, a true patriot,
and an accomplished gentleman. Besides the writings before men-
tioned, he left in MS. " A Compendious Relation of the Proceedings of
the Diet held at Ratisbon in 1640 and 1641;'' and a ''Journal of several
Proceedings of the Knights of the Garter."— jffic^. Brit, Athen^ Oxon.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. * 83

" Four hundred tenants to the Company's land to make them up
full five hundred, whereof two hundred to be placed at Elizabeth
City with the deputy, one hundred at Henrico, one hundred at
Charles City, and at James City there are already one hundred.

" One hundred tenants to such officers, etc., as the court hath
and shall appoint, viz: ten to the deputy of the college, forty to
the Company's deputy, twenty to the secretary, ten more, be-
sides fifty already sent to the ministers, and twenty to the physi-
cian.

" One hundred young maids to make wives, as the former ninety
already sent.

" One hundred boys more for apprentices likewise to the public
tenants.

" One hundred servants to be disposed amongst the old planters,
which they exceedingly desire, and will pay the Company their
charges with very great thanks.

" These people are to be procured, as they have formerly been,
partly by a printed publication of the supplies intended, together
with the conditions offered to these publick tenants, partly by
help of such noble friends and others in remoter parts as have
formerly given great assistance, being desired in the like kind,
this ship now in providing, being dispatched with one hundred
and twenty persons. The rest may follow after in the very
beginning of the spring.

** Touching cattle, etc. These are requisite to be §ent one
hundred kine for this addition of five hundred tenants.

" One hundred kine more to remain in perpetual stock upon
the Company's land, to be sent to new planters as hath been for-
merly ordered.

*' Four hundred goats from Wales ; twenty mares.

" Eighty asses from France.

*' The providing of these and all things necessary for them is
to be referred to the care of the general committee yet, so that
some be particularly appointed to the several parts and kinds.

** For the kine, goats and mares — Mr. James Bagg, Mr. Rich-
ard Wiseman, Mr. John Bland.*®

^John Bland, son of Adam Bland, skinner, and j^randson of Roger
Bland, of Orton, Westmorland, born 1573 ; married Susan Deblore ;
parents of Theodrick Bland, of " Berkeley," Virginia, founder of the
family of the name here, born January 16, 1629 ; died 167 1 ; married

84 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

"For the asses — Mr. Abraham Chamberlain, Mr. George
Chambers, Mr. James Bagg.

" Provisions necessary for the setting up of the staple com-
modities are these :

**For silk, to procure great store of silk-worm seed about
Michaelmas next^ and men skilful in the ordering of the worms,
and their silk to be sent away in a pinnace in October betimes.

** For oil, besides great quantities to be made out of their great
store of walnuts, olive plants may be also procured from Mar-
cellis and Leghorn.

*• For wines, to procure men skilful in the planting and dress-
ing of vines out of France and from the Rhine, from thence also
to procure plants, as likewise from the Canaries.

" For hemp and flax, soap ashes and potashes, pitch and tar,
to proceed in the treaty with Mr. More to procure men skilful
in those trades from the eastern parts.

" For fishing, first, to set up M. Pountus again by making up a
stock of ;^i,ooo, whereof the one half to be from those foreign
adventurers, a fourth from the Company, and a fourth from
Southampton Hundred.

** Secondly, by general petition unto his Majesty to preserve
the fishing at Cape Codd free and indifferent to both the colonies,
as was intended in the first patent.

" For salt, if men skilful in the making it, in pits and by the sun,
be not be had at home to procure them from France, and by all
means to set forward the making of it in abundance, being a very
great help to increase the plantation.

** For iron, there is sufficient done already.

" And for sawing-mills, besides those already gone thfa spring,
there are four men lately come from Hamborough, very skilful,
to be sent in the next ship.

** It is very necessary, for the benefit of the colony, that divers
skilful millwrights be provided and sent to set up corn water-
mills in the several parts of the colony.

'* It is also convenient that the deputy for the Company have a
pinnace, and other boats belonging to him, to trade and traffick
for the Company and their tenants under his charge.

Anna, daughter of Governor Richard Bennett. His nephew Giles, son
of his brother, John Bland, was executed by Governor Berkeley for
participation in •* Bacon's Rebellion " in 1676.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 86

" For these staple commodities, besides the general committees
who are to take charge of the whole, some several parts are to
be committed to divers particular persons:

" For the silk-worm seed, olive plants and vines — Mr. Arthur
Bromfield, Mr. Abraham Chamberlyn.

** For salt men — Mr. Abraham Chamberlyn, Mr. Richard
Wiseman.

" The last matter, but of great difficulty and chief importance, is
the establishing of good government in the colony for religion,
justice and strength, together with their effects, peace, plenty
and prosperity.

** This part requireth the serious consultation of the Council
and the great labour of learned committees, that, being reduced
into a body of laws and magistracy, it may be first presented to
his Majesty's view, and, being there approved, may receive con-
firmation also of a quarter-court, and lastly the assent and ratifi-
cation of the colony.

** Some small directions therein I will be bold to offer, I wish
that a committee be made of twelve select persons for the com-
piling into a body the politic laws and magistracy of England
necessary or fit for that plantation, which part to be committed
to four learned gentlemen, professors of the law.

" The second to be a like collection of orders and constitutions
already in being, which are proper and peculiar to this colony.
Wherein first to gather those that are to be found in his Majesty's
letters-patents and instructions.

'* Secondly, those that are contained as well in the book of the
orders of Virginia as also in the several charters, commissions
and instructions sent to Virginia.

"Lastly, such orders as they themselves there have made in
their General Assemblys : all which, being likewise digested into
order, and conferred and interlaced with the laws of this realm, it
will be easy to see in a view of the whole body what limb or
sinew is redundant or defective, as well for laws as magistracy,
whereof a reformation or a supply to be made agreeable to the
rest. This part is to be commended to four other, such as are
skilful in all the affairs as well of the Company here as of the
colony in Virginia ; and thus much for matter of general govern-
ment.

**A third part remaineth of the particular government by way

86 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

of incorporation for every city and borough, which I wish may
be for all one and the same model uniformity, being not only a
nourisher of amity, but also a great ease to the general govern-
ment. This part is to be committed to four committees, expert
in the government of the corporation of this and other cities of
this realm, to frame out of them a form most fit for that people.

•* These particular committees having brought their labours to
an end, are then to meet and out of these parts to make an whole
entire body of laws and magistracy for that government, to be
presented by them to the Council, and being there reformed or
allowed to pass on to the gracious view of his Majesty.

**And here I will be bold to put the Council in mind of one
principal part of their duty and oath, to have care, by wise and
politic constitutions, to hold the colony in assuredness of firm
and perpetual loyalty to his Majesty* and this crown, which cau-
tion in regard of the far distance of that place I hold to be
necessary.

'* For matters of religion, I think it requisite that the Company
desire direction from the Lord Archbishop's grace and the Lord
Bishop of London, they being both of the Company, and my
Lord Bishop of the Council also.

*' For matter of strength by way of fortification, I refer to the
treaty with Mr. Englebert.

" The military discipline requires a committee by itself of men
most judicious in that profession.

'\ These things performed, I nothing doubt the plantation will
prosper, and ourselves give good accompt of our proceedings to
his Majesty.

'*For the laws of England — Sir Thomas Roe, Mr. Christo-
pher Brooke, Mr. Selden," Mr. Edward Herbert, Mr. Philip
Jermyn.

**For the order of Virginia — Sir Edward Sandys, Sir John
Dauers, Mr. John Wroth, Mr. Samuel Wrote.

*' For the particular corporation — Mr. Robert Heath, Recorder,
Mr. Robert Smith, Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, Mr. William Cranmer,
Mr. George- Chambers.

"John Selden, the distinguished lawyer and author; born i6th De-
cember, 1584 ; died 30th November, 1654, adding by bequest his fine
library to the Bodleian collection.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 87

"For military discipline — Sir Edward Sackvill, Sir Dudley

Diggs, Captain Bingham, Captain Edward Maisterson, Captain
John Bargrave.

The charges of this project are estimated thus :

500 tenants at ;^i6 the person, - - . ^^8,000

300 maids, boys and servants, - - - 2,000

200 kine at ;^io the head, - - - - 2,000

400 goats at £s ^os. the goat, - - -. i»400

020 mares at ;^i5 apiece, - - - - 0,300

080 asses at £j los. apiece, - - - - 0,600

A pinnace, ------ 0,250

Setting up of the fishing of Mr. Pountus, - - 0,250
Procuring of vignerons, saltmen, for silkworms* for

flax, for hemp, potashes and soap ashes, with plants

and all materials, ----- 1,000
Discharging the old debts yet remaining of Sir Thomas

Smith's time, ----- 2,000

Total, - - - - ;^i7,8oo

Means of raising this sum as may be reasonably
estimated :

By lotteries, - - - - - - ;^8,ooo

By debts up subscription one-third part, - - 5>300

By collections for the college - - - 0,700

By debts upon accompts and reckonings, - - 4,000

Total, - . . . ;^i8,ooo

" Sir John Dauers moved that the court would be pleased to
give order for drawing a patent for Sir William Mounson and his
associates, that they may have for seven years the sole benefit
and transportation of two such new commodities as they shall
discover, plant or find out in Virginia, not being yet discovered,
planted or found out by any other, for which they offered to pay
one hundred pounds p. annum, and to plant 25 men every year
during the said term. And moved further, likewise, that six of
the patentees, in regard of the great charge they must be at for .
this discovery, might be free of the Company.

''July the 1 2th, 1620. A motion was made, which was gene-

88 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

rally agreed untOi that those that go over to Virginia as planters
should first take the oath of allegiance, to be administered unto
them by some chief magistrate there where they shall embark
themselves, who by letter from hence should receive direction to
administer the same, and to return their names to be entered here
in a register book for that purpose to be kept.

**John Wood, in his petition, desired that the court would
please, in regard he is resolved to inhabit in Virginia, to grant
him eight shares in Elizabeth river, for eight shares of land
formerly granted unto him, because thereon is timber fitting for
his turn, and water sufficient to launch such ships as shall be
there built for the use and service of the Company. The court
thereupon hath ordered and agreed to recommend the considera-
tion of the premises to the Governor and Council of Virginia to
deal therein as they shall think fit.

"My Lord of Southampton being now come to the court, de-
clared that his absence and long stay was about business of the
Company's, and that he had received a gracious answer from his
Majesty concerning their petition against the restraint of tobacco,
who was pleased to afHrm that it was never his meaning to
grant anything that might be prejudicial to any of both those
plantations, and, therefore, had referred it to the consideration
of the Lords of the Council, with whom my Lord of Southamp-
ton said he had been all that while, and that their Lordships de-
sired that certain of the Company. * * * *

** After orders upon certain other matters, my Lord of South-
ampton desired the Company that they will now, with the same
alacrity and cheerfulness of mind as they should ever find in him,
go on to the dispatch of those weighty businesses committed to
their care and charge, which, for expedition sake, were divided
into parts and commended to several committees ; hereupon the
several committees promised with all care and diligence to expe-
dite the same accordingly; his Lordship further desired that a
special committee be desired to attend the Lords of his Majesty's
Council upon Friday next about the petition referred by his
Majesty unto their Lordships concerning the restraint of tobacco;
whereupon these committees were nominated.

"July i8th, 1620. The court, taking into consideration the
treaty with the undertakers for the sole selling of tobacco, find-
ing the proportion for Virginia to be so small as not possible to

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 89

be divided amongst such a multitude of people with any shadow
of content, and considering that the Somer Islands, having no
means to subsist but merely by the vent of their tobacco, will
stand in need of all help which in that kind may be given them,
have consented that the whole 55,000 weight of tobacco allowed
to be vented in this realm by both the plantations, shall be appro-
priated to that of the Somer Islands alone, and themselves shall
humbly submit themselves to his Majesty's Royal pleasure de-
clared in his last proclamation, and forbear to bring any tobacco
at all this year, nothing doubting but his Majesty, in his princely
consideration, will commiserate the estate of the poor people in
that plantation and restore them to their liberty when he shall
see dme convenient. In the meantime protesting against the
undertakers of the late project tending not only to the hurt but
also to the utter ruin of both plantations.

" The court being resolved as aforesaid to forbear the bringing
into England any tobacco this year, but bring the same to Flush-
ing, Middleborough, or any other parts to be vented there, did
appoint these committtees here underwritten to consult and re
solve of the fittest course to be taken for the providing of a
magazine or storehouse there, and to treat with the states there
by letters for the bringing in and carrying out of the tobacco at
the easiest rates. And to consider of the best means for the
ordering and sale thereof by factors to the most advantage of
the Company.

" November 4th, 1620. My Lord of Southampton signified
that he had received brief letters of the safe arrival of all the
ships in Virginia, save one, which were sent the last spring. And
that three of the best of them had made a prosperous voyage in
six weeks or thereabouts, and that of two hundred persons trans-
ported in the Jonathan there died above sixteen ; of seventy in
the Swan, of Barnstable, not one ; of two hundred in the Lon-
don Merchant, but one only, and that the Duty in her passage
lost one likewise ; and lastly, of the number of the cattle which
they then ako sent, they had intelligence by the report of one
man that they had lost ten, for which they had a gain in their
passage eight calves, but there was no certificate thereof as yet
returned from the Governor.

"His Lordship having desired the Company to think of the
preparation of ships to be sent this next spring, Mr. Deputy

90 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

gave notice of a very good convenient ship called the Abagail, of
about three hundred and fifty tons, belonging to Mr. Bland, Mr.
Wiseman and some others, brothers of this society, that was now
offered to go upon the same conditions that the. Jonathan and
London Merchant did the last spring — viz., to transport in her
two hundred persons and fifty tons of goods for ;^700 in hand
and ;^6oo upon certificate of arrival in Virginia, which offer the
court thought very reasonable, and did generally assent there-
unto.

** It was likewise moved that for the more commodiousness
and for procuring of people the better that the Abigail might
take in her people at the Isle of Wight ; and that some other
ships might be sent from Barnstable by the help of Mr. Del-
bridge, who was reported to have deserved well of the Company
for his care and pains hitherto afforded, which Mr. Delbridge
promised still to continue to the good of that plantation, and
would use his best endeavours to do the Company service, and
therefore desired that the court would be pleased for their better
encouragement and enabling of them to transport their passen-
gers, to take some present course that he might have free liberty
to fish upon the northern seas as formerly they had done, from
which, as he conceived, they were utterly debarred by the late
grant from his Majesty to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and some
others.

** Whereupon, Sir Edwin Sandys did intimate unto the court
that he was informed that Sir Ferdinando Gorges had procured
unto himself and others a new patent, now passed his Majesty's
great seal, wherein certain words were conveyed that did not
only contradict a former order of the Lords of the Council, which
their Lordships, after a full hearing of the allegations on both
sides, and set down in June last, by which this Company had
yielded some part of theif right to do them good, and therefore
promised to fish only for their necessities and transportation of
people in tender regard of the infance of that plantation, but by
his new grant the adventurers of the northern colony had also
excluded those of the southern from fishing at all upon that coast
without their leave and licence, first sought and obtained, which
was contrary and manifestly repugnant to that community and
freedom which his Majesty by the first patent, as is conceived,
hath been pleased to grant to either colony.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 91

" The court, therefore, seeing no reason why they should loose
their former right granted unto them by their first patent, the
sea also being to all as free and common as the air, and finding
less reason why Sir Ferdinando Gorges should now appropriate
and make a monopoly of the fishing, which had already cost this
Company ;^6,ooo, and were the only means left (now the lotte-
ries were almost spent and other supply began to fail) to enable
them to transport their people and support their plantation
withal, did with a general consent resolve to petition his Majesty
for redress therein, and to pray a further declaration of his High-
ness' pleasure and gracious intention concerning that clause of
prohibition and restraint inserted in the new patent, whereby
they were defeated of their liberty of fishing. Whereupon, they
appointed these committees to draw the said petition and make
it substance agreeable to those three points Sir Edwin Sandys had
delivered in open court, and for that Sir Thomas Roe said that
he was the next day to go to the court, they desired him to pre-
sent the same to lus Majesty.

" Sir Edwin Sandys desired the Company to consider how use-
ful it was to set forth a printed publication that might in effect
contain these four points :

** I. First, to solicite the justices of peace generally for send-
ing to this Company all such young youths of fifteen years of
age and upwards as they shall find burthensome to the parish
where they live, with sum of five pounds in money towards a far
greater charge which the Company must be at for their apparel
and transportation into Virginia, where they shall be entertained
in good manner as servants and apprentices under the Com-
pany's tenants.

" 2. The second point to be in behalf of the lottery, now of
late very much disgraced, that it may be delivered of many foul
aspersions unjustly cast upon it by malignant tongues, notwith-
standing it is evident that the money thereof arising hath sent
already to Virginia eight hundred persons, to the great advance-
ment of that plantation.

" 3. Thirdly, to hasten the dispatch of these things against
January next.

" 4. Fourthly, to put such adventurers in mind of their sub*
scriptions as have not as yet paid in their moneys, as likewise to
intimate unto them what authority and power the Company hath

92 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

by his Majesty's gracious letters-patents to recover the same by
suit if they shall, wilfully stand out in point of law, and so com-
pel them to use extremities.

" Sir Edwin Sandys desired this court to take into their con-
sideration how material and necessary it was, as well to suppress
hereafter the inordinate excessive planting of tobacco so gene-
rally distasted hitherto, as also to hearten and encourage them to
plant such staple commodities as they are principally directed to
apply, to give notice to the colony in Virginia that the Company
there will hereafter expect to be repaid for such servants as they
shall send over to them for apprentices in no other commodity
but corn, silk codds, silk grass, hemp, flax, and such other staple
commodities, wherein he that shall excell and abound more by
his good industry and husbandry, shall be respected and re-
warded hereafter with the first choice of such youths and servants
as shall be sent thither for their use this next spring, for which
cause he wished that a committee of merchants, skilful in these
particular commodities, might be appointed to set such indifferent
good rates and prices upon them now at first as might not only
make the Company here savers thereby, but give the plantation
also better encouragement to raise and improve the same abun-
dantly by their industry and labour.

' ' Whereupon the court nominated the committees.

" Upon the humble petition of Sir Richard Worsleep, Knight
Baronet ; Nathaniel Basse," Gentleman ; John Hobson," Gende-
man; Anthony Olevan, Richard Wiseman, Robert Newland,
Robert Gyver, and William Wellis, associates and fellow-adven-
turers with Captain Christopher Lawne,^ deceased, the court was

" Captain Nathaniel Basse, bom 1589 ; came to Virginia in 1622 and
settled at " Basse's Choice " ; Burgess, 1623 ; for Warrosquoyoke, Octo-
ber, 1629 ; for Warwick River, 1631 ; Member of the Council ; in March,
1631-32, he was authorized to go to New England and offer the inhabi'
tants a settlement on Delaware Bay. Samuel Basse lived with him in
1623.

"A member of the Virginia Council in 1642.

•*Lawne*s Creek, in Isle of Wight county, preserves the name of its
first planter, Captain Christopher Lawne, Burgess, November 21, 162 1.
Edward Bennett, a London merchant, obtained a patent and made a
settlement here. His associates were Robert and Richard Bennett, (his
nephews — ^the latter subsequently Governor of Virginia,) Thomas

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 98

pleased to grant unto them and their heirs a confirmation of their
old patent, with ail manner of privileges therein contained, and
that the said plantation shall from henceforth be called the Isle of
Wights plantation, provided that the heirs of the said Christo-
pher Lawne be no way prejudiced thereby ; and in regard of the
late mortality of the persons transported heretofore by the said
Captain Lawne, the court hath likewise given them till midsum-
mer, 1625, to make up their number of their said persons men-
tioned in their former patents.

" Sir Thomas Roe, at the request of the Company, having
delivered their petition to his Majesty, made now a report of his
Highness' s gracious answer thereunto, who said that if anything
were passed in New England patent that might be prejudicial to
them of them of the southern colony, it was surreptitiously done
and without his knowledge, and that he had been abused thereby
by those that pretended otherwise unto him. It pleased his
Majesty to express as much in effect to my Lord of Southamp-
ton, with many other gracious words in commendation of this
plantation, and signified further that his Majesty forthwith gave
commandment to my Lord Chancellor then present, that if this
new patent were not sealed for to forbear the seal, and if it were
sealed and not delivered, he should then keep it in hand till he
were better informed.

** His Lordship further signified that upon Saturday last they
had been with my Lord Chancellor about it, where were present
the Duke of Lenox,* the Earl of Arundle, Mr. Secretary and

Ayres, Thomas and Richard Wiseman. The first settlers were Puri-
tans, and their first minister was Rev. William Bennett, who served
until 1623. It is probable that to this settlement the Rev. Henry Jacob,
of London, came in 1624, and soon died. The plantation was some-
times called Warrosquoyoke and sometimes Edward Bennett's.— iV<?///'j
Virginia Company ^ p. 194.

•* James Stewart, fourth Duke; in 1641 created Duke of Richmond ;
Lord Great Chamberlain, and Admiral of Scotland, Lord Steward of
the Household, Warden of the Cinque Ports, Gentleman of the Bed
Chamber, and Knight of the Garter. In the times of Cromwell, he sub-
scribed ;^4o,ooo in support of the royal cause, saying : *' I would serve
the King in his person, though I carry but his cloak, as well and cheer-
fully as any in the greatest trust.'* He ended his faithful services to
Charles I by helping to place the unfortunate monarch in his grave at
Windsor, He died in 1655.

94 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

some others, who, after a full hearing of the allegations of both
sides, did order that the patent should be delivered to be perused
by some of the southern colony, who are to report whatf excep-
tions they find thereunto against the next meeting.

" November 15th, 1620. After the acts of the former court
were read, a stranger stept in presenting a map of Sir Walter
Rawleigh's, containing a description of Guiana, and with the same
four great books as the gift of one unto the Company that de-
sired his name might not be made known, whereof one book was
a treatise of St. Augustine, of the city of God translated into
English, the other three great volumes were the works of Mr.
Perkins,*" newly corrected and amended, which books the donor
desired might be sent to the college in Virginia, there to remain
in safety, to the use of the coUegiates hereafter, and not suffered
at any time to be lent abroad or used in the meanwhile, for which
so worthy a gift, my Lord of Southampton desired the party that
presented them to return deserved thanks from himself and the
rest of the Company to him that had so kindly bestowed them.

'* Sir Edwin Sandys acquainted the court how careful Mr. Cham-
herlyn had been at the request of the Company to compound
with the states of Middleborough for the custom of the tobacco
to be brought thither this year from Virginia, signifying that he
had brought them near to an agreement, so that for bringing the
said commodity in they should pay but a half penny the pound,
and for carrying the same out again to pay after the same rates ;
and for that the said states might have the better assurance of
the performance thereof by the Company, it was humbly de-
sired that it would please my Lord of Southampton to intimate
the same unto them by his Lordship's own letter in the name of
the Company, which my Lord very nobly promised to dispatch
accordingly.

**Sir Edwin Sandys signified that whereas certain instructions
were sent in writing in the Bona Nova concerning the planting
of mulberry trees and making fit rooms for the silk-worms
(which, in his opinion, was exceedingly well done), and having

••William Perkins, a learned divine, born 1558; died 1602; a rigid
Calvinist, and the treatises which he published in defence oif his doc-
trines involved him in a controversy with Armenius, which lasted until
his death. His works were collected and published in three vols, folio,
in 1606.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 96

now understood of a French book of the same subject, com-
mended unto him as an excellent treatise of that kind, moved
that some of the Company would please to take the pains to
translate it into English, and that a good number of them might
be printed and sent over to Virginia, and there dispersed
amongst the planters, so that every household might have one,
and that in the said books the particular rates of those staple
commodities (which the committees were desired to set down), to
be paid for them to the planters, might likewise be inserted with
some instructions also for the ordering of other commodities,
which motion was well approved of and generally assented unto.

" Mr. Deputy having presented to my Lord of Southampton
a note of such staple commodities as are supposed may either
now or very shortly be had in good abundance in Virginia,
which were rated particularly by a committee of merchants at
such prices as they are now sold at here in England, it was
thought fit and desired that the said committees would again
take some farther pains on the behalf of the planters in Virginia
to moderate and abate the said prices to such a reasonable rate,
with consideration of fraight and hazard, as both the merchants
might be induced to buy the same, and the planters be sure of a
certain vent hereafter of the said commodities.

" Sir Edwin Sandys declared that the Commonwealth and state
of the colony in Virginia began generally to prosper so well as
that they did not desire any more provision of meal to be sent
unto them, but rather prayed that the Company would be pleased
to be at some charge to send them some trifling commodities, as
beads and such like toys, whereby to truck with the Indians for
corn and other necessaries, to increase and maintain thereby a
Christian commerce and trade with the savages, which they
exceedingly desire may be continued.

"Touching Gabriel Wisher's former offer at the last court to
procure but of Swedeland and Poland men skilful in making
pitch and tar, soap ashes and potashes, dresses of hemp and flax,
clapboard and pipe staves, and for making of saltpetre and powder,
after the rate of ;^io los. a man, that shall be there by the end
of May next, the court hath ordered that he shall have ;^ioo
allowed him to provide ten skilful men as aforesaid, but for the
manner of the contract to be made with him and some other
necessary circumstances incident thereunto, they have referred

96 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the said Gabriel Wisher to be further concluded with by the com-
mittees.

" Thomas Wood, being now willing (tho* he conceived it a
hard bargain) to accept of the offer of the former court, which
was that for every cow of our English breed transported by him
or his agents safe and sound to Virginia he should be paid ;^ii,
and for every she goat £^ los., upon certificate at his return
from the Governor there, he moved, therefore, now that he might
have some assurance under the Company's seal for the payment
of the said money. Whereupon, the court ordered that, accord-
ing to his request, he should have his security confirmed under
the seal of the Company, for which they gave order to Mr.
Deputy to see it done.

" Mr. Caswell moved that the Lord Mayor of this city might
be solicited to afford this Company the like number of children,
with the like allowance as formerly they had, but he wished
withal that it might be effected upon more easy conditions than
the former committees, for the city sought to draw them unto
who as it appeared stood more upon an over-advantageous bar-
gain on the behalf of the said children, than they did upon the
good of the plantation for which they were procured. It was
therefore thought fit, and so ordered, that a letter should be writ
to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen specifying the conditions par-
ticularly for which the Company would accept of them and in
good manner place them as servants or apprentices with the
Company's tenants.

" Mr. Smith, conceiving that the sum of ;^5 demanded with
every child that should be sent out of the country to be trans-
ported to Virginia was a greater charge than would willingly be
disbursed by the common sort, seeing they might with a less
charge as ordinarily for five marks bind their children appren-
tices at home to good trades, and therefore it was unlikely they
would be drawn to give a greater sum to send them to a foreign
country, he therefore moved that the ;^5 specified in the publi-
cation might be abated to five marks, for which main reason the
court thought fit, and ordered that the abatement should be made
of the said ;^5 accordingly.

•* Mr. Deputy signified that he was solicited by the marshal of
this city and some others that had taken pains to procure those
children out of the city, that were heretofore sent to Virginia, to

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 97

move this court for a reward for their care and travel therein, that
they might be encouraged hereafter to take the like pains when-
soever they should have again the like occasion, the court there-
upon referred it to the committees to give such a sum and to
proportion the same amongst them as they shall think fit.

**Some of the Somef Islands Company moved that the court
would be pleased as well in respect that the Bermudas was sold
unto them for a far greater quantity of land than they now find
it to be, as also for the better enabling of them to subsist and to
procure and maintain a mutual dependance and traffic hereafter,
to grant and confirm unto them now in this great and general
quarter-court a good portion of land in Virginia on that side of
the coast as lies nearest unto them, either at Ronoque southerly
or else whereas shall be most convenient for them, not being yet
inhabited, which request taking into consideration did order and
agree that according to the number of their shares (being in all
400 or thereabouts), they should have for every share loo acres
of land in Virginia, and 50 acres for every person that shall be
transported thither: provided that none of them sell his said
shares unless he sell together with it his share of land in the
Summer Islands; and for a public stock they have likewise
granted unto them 5,000 : provided, that between this and the
year 1625 they transport for every share for that plantation at
least one man : provided, also, that so many as shall not under-
write and accordingly pay in his money ratably by the setting of
his first voyage, shall not be capable of the said 100 acres for a
share ; and lastly, the court ordered that a letter should be writ
to the Governor to set out their bounds and limits where they
shall like best to seat themselves, so as they may not be preju-
dicial to any other plantation there already.

" My Lord of Southampton signified unto the Company that
himself and some others had been this afternoon before the Lords
of the Council to make report what just exceptions they had
taken against New England's patent, whereby they found them-
selves utterly excluded from fishing upon the north seas, but
withal his Lordship signified that by a late conference had with
Sir Ferdinando Gorges about it, they did not doubt but they
should now accord, for that it was agreed on both sides for some
important reasons to renew either of their patents, which was
promised should be done by mutual advice of the Council.

98 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Whereupon their Lordships ordered that in the meanwhile this
patent of Sir Ferdinando Gor^^es should be sequestered and de-
posited in my Lord Chancellor's hands (as undelivered) accord-
ing to his Majesty's expressed commandment. And that this
Company should, notwithstanding, go on without loss of time
upon the privilege of their former grants, whereby it was con-
ceived they had liberty to fish upon the seas now debarred.

**At the rising of the court, Mr. Smith acquainted his Lordship
and the rest of the Council present that it was the humble suit of
the generality unto them that they would please to enter into
consultation and advise about such further privileges and immu-
nities as were fitting to be moved at this next Parliament. And
that it might redound as well to the honour of this Qoble Society
as the future advancement of the plantation in general, whereof
they had now cause sufficient to conceive the greater hope to
speed the better, in respect his Majesty began of late to fix his
gracious eye upon, as being ready upon all occasions to afford
them his royal favour and protection.

" December I3ih, 1620. My Lord of Southampton being ab-
sent upon important business. Sir Edwin Sandys signified that
they had received a certificate of the safe arrival of all the ships
sent the last spring, as namely : the Francis and Bona Venture
with all their people, the London Merchant with all hers, the Duty
with all save one, and so likewise the Swan, of Barnstable, but
the Jonathan, in her tedious passage, of two hundred had lost
sixteen, so that by this last supply they had landed in Virginia
in all near the number of eight hundred persons, for which great
blessing (with the loss of so few) he rendered unto the Almighty
all possible thanks.

" Mr. Dr. Bohune having desired that he might be a physician -
general for the Company, according to such conditions as were
formerly set down by way of articles, unto which place they had
allotted five hundred acres of land and twenty tenants, to be
placed thereupon at the Company's charge. The court was pleased
to accept of his humble suit for that place and employment, and
therefore ordered that he should have ten men provided forth-
with to go now with him, and ten more should be sent in this
next spriiig, which should be transported at the Company's
charge and furnished as other of the tenants be, provided that
twenty tenants being there established and made good for one

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. '99

whole year after their landing, the said Dr. Bohune do after, if
any of them die, covenant to supply and maintain from time to
time upon the said land, and at his decease or otherwise surren-
der of the said place, have the like number of men and stock of
cattle as are by order of the court to the said office allowed and
appointed ; and as for other particulars touching his contract
with the Company, the court hath referred him to the committees
who are desired to treat and conclude with him about the same.

** Mr. Deputy signified that he had received good store of
silk- worms* seed both out of . France, Italy and Spain, and
doubted not of much more very shortly, so that their greatest
want was of men skilful in the ordering of them, whereof they
had some hope e*er long to procure some out of France by the
help of Mr. Chamberlain, a man very careful in that business.
In the meantime, he acquainted the court with one that Mr. Dar-
nelly had procured for them, being the servant of Mr. Jasper
Stallenge, who had these five years together been brought up in
tending of the king's silk-worms under his said master, whereby
he was become very skilful in breeding of the worms and in wind-
ing of their silk, and was also a good gardner, and that his said
master was very willing that he should go to Virginia to be em-
ployed in the service of the Company for three years (which
time he had yet to serve of his apprenticeship), upon condition
' that the Company would please, in consideration of his said time,
to give his said master ;^20, which after the court thought very
reasonable, and being put to the question was generally assented
unto, provided that in those three years he would undertake to in-
struct others that should learn of him sufficiently in the premises.

** He further signified that the first part of the French book,
concerning the making of fit rooms for keeping silk-worms and
the manner of planting mulberry trees to feed them, was now
almost finished, as likewise the valuation of the several com-
modities to be had in Virginia, ordered heretofore to be affixed
unto the said book, would, in a few days, be together ready to be
printed.

" It was moved, that for the better encouragement of such old
planters as had exceeded others in the building of fit houses for
silk-worms, and in planting mulberry trees and vines according
to a former direction in that behalf, might have the advantage
before others in the first and best choice of such apprentices as

100 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

should shortly be'sent unto, the rather to stir up others hereby
to contend for the like favour and reward hereafter, and for
recompence of the great charge the Company here shall be at to
furnish the said apprentices well indeed, and for sending them
over to the planters. It was likewise moved that their masters
might be injoined to repay them again within one year (no whit
in tobacco), but in a good quantity of corn, silk, silk-grass and
other such commodities, and that at the same rates as was par-
ticularly set down unto them in a book containing their several
valuations. And that signification hereof might be had in the
Councils' letters to the Governor, which farther continuation of
a charter intended to be passed at the next quarter- court to
that effect, whicn propositions the court did generally agree unto,
and ordered for performance. of the same accordingly.

**Sir Edwin Sandys moved, that whereas the bringing over of
sassafras in so great abundance had brought the price thereof to
so low a rate as it was now worth little or nothing ; for remedy
whereof, if the court so thought fit, they would make an offer to
the Company in Virginia to compound with them for the same,
which being brought over in a less quantity and all into one
warehouse might be araised to a better value, whereof the benefit
should be duly answered to them again in ordinance, powder,
shot and other such munition for their better strength and safety,
and that they would signify so much in the Council's letter to the*
Governor ; which motion was well approved of, and thereupon it
was ordered that it might be effected accordingly.

'' It was hkewise moved that some might be appointed to draw
the said Council's letter unto the Governor, which was to go with
the ship now bound to Virginia. Whereupon the court entreated
Sir Edwin Sandys to take some pains therein, as he had often
formerly done in the like kind; at which request he was pleased
to undertake the dispatch thereof

"Captain Roger Smith, being desirous to go this present voy-
age to Virginia, moved that he might have the charge of some
of those people now sent to be the Company's tenants ; and fur-
ther, that the Company would be pleased to bestow upon him
some means to make him the better fit for the said voyage. For-
asmuch, therefore, as the said Captain Smith was recommended
to be a gentleman very fitting for that employment, and in regard
of his good experience already (having been heretofore in Vir-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 101

ginia about some three years) might thereby do the Company
great service, the court was pleased for his better encouragement
to give him ;^30 freely to furnish him with necessaries, and
ordered that he should have the command of fifty persons now
transported to be tenants upon the Company's land.

" Captain Maddison having been heretofore twelve years to-
gether in Virginia, and there employed by Sir Thomas Dale (the
Governor), in discovering the said country and several rivers
therein, did now petition that he might return to the colony and
proceed in a further discovery of commodious places for habita-
tion within the land, the court hereupon ordered that he should
be treated with by the committees, both for the manner of his
discovery as also to make it to appear what the charge thereof
will be unto the Company.

" A motion being made on the behalf of Captain Somers for
confirming unto him such land as was due unto his uncle, Sir
George Somers, for his adventure, which appeared by accounts
to be jC^jo ; and whereas, further also, there was demanded a
proportion of land for the personal adventure of the said George
Somers, and in requital of his other good service ; to the first
request the court made answer that it would not be denied him,
but for the other it was not in the power of any other but a
quarter-court to give any proportion of land upon merit.

**In a proposative court, held the 29th of January, 1620-21,
my Lord of Southampton signified unto this court that foras-
much as Sir George Yeardley's commission of Governorship
would e*er long be expired, being to continue but till November
next, it was therefore expedient now at this quarter- court (in re-
spect of the shortness of the time) either to confirm Sir George
Yeardley again in his said office by a new election, or to proceed
to the choice of some other fit person of quality to succeed him,
who might be prepared to go to Virginia by July next at the
farthest, which latter course his Lordship did the rather incline
to, because he had received advertisement of Sir George Yeard-
ley' s importuning desire to relinquish his said office at the expi-
ration of his said commission, in regard he had so long a time
together (now almost three years) attended wholly upon the
public service.

'* His Lordship, therefore, proposed unto the Company a gen-
tleman recommended unto him for his many good parts (namely.

102 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Sir Francis Wyatt*'), who was well reputed of both in respect of
his parentage, good education, integrity of life and fair fortune
(being his father's eldest son), as also for his sufficiency other-
wise, being deemed every way, without exception, fitting for this
place, who was likewise desirous to take this charge upon him if
the Company would please to accept of this willingness to do

^ Sir Francis Wyat, or Wyatt — great grandson of Sir Thomas Wyat
(beheaded 4th April. 1554), by his wife Jane, daughter of Sir William
Hawte; grandson of Sir Thomas Wyat, Knight of AUington Castle,
Boxley, Kent, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Brooke (Lord

Cobham) ; and son of Sir George Wyat, by his wife , daughter of

Sir Thomas Finch, of Eastwell. Knight, by his wife Katharine, daughter of
Sir Thomas Moyle— was knighted at Windsor 7th July, 1618, and arrived
in the colony in October, 162 1, with an appointment to relieve Sir
George Yeardley (whose term expired i8th November). He was accom-
panied by his brother, Rev. Hawte Wyat (who served as minister at
Jamestown ; returning to England, was inducted to the living of Boxley
,3d October, 1632, and rector of Merston county, Kent; died 31st July,

1638; married twice, first, Elizabeth , died 31st October, 1626;

second, Anne , died February, 1631 ; had sons who settled in Vir-
ginia, where their descendants still are), Dr. John Pott, afterwards
Governor of the colony ; William Claiborne, subsequently prominent
and designated in history as ** the rebel,'* as surveyor, and George San-
dys, Treasurer of the colony. The death of his father, Sir George
Wyatt, in 1626, calling Sir Francis to Ireland to attend to his private
affairs, he was succeeded as Governor by Sir George Yeardley. He
was reappointed Governor in November, 1639, and was relieved by Sir
William Berkeley in February, 1642 ; died and was buried in the family
vault in Boxley Abbey 24th August, 1644. He married Margaret,
daughter of Sir Samuel Sandys, Knight, of Warwickshire, and sister of
Sir Edwin and of George Sandys, and had issue : i, Henry, received
grant of fifty acres of land in Virginia December 16, 1641 ; ii, Francis,
King's College, Cambridge, 1639 ; Inner Temple, 1641 ; iii, Edwin, whose
Epitaph is at Boxley, Kent: ** Sergeant at Law and J. P. of the county,
Recorder of Canterbury, Recorder and Burgess in Parliament for Maid-
stone " ; married Frances, daughter of Thomas Crispe, of Knox, in
Thanet, England, and had issue : i, Thomas ; ii, Edwin ; iii, Francis ; iv,
Richard ; v, Margarette, and other daughters. Buried in the chancel.
Henry, son of George Wyatt, of Middle Plantation, deceased, conveyed,
26th January, 1671, to John Page 50 acres at the Middle Plantation. Ed-
ward Wyatt and his wife, Jane, conveyed land at Middle Plantation to
George Poindexter, i6th January. 1667. Anthony Wyatt, of the parish
of Jordan's, died before 1686, was Burgess from Charles City county,
Virginia, 1645, 1655, 1656. Nicholas Wyatt, his son and heir, patented

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 108

them service. Notwithstanding, his Lordship prayed the Com-
pany not to neglect the nomination of some other if they could
think of any one or more sufficient persons of quality that would
willingly undergo this weighty burden of government, who might,
together with this gentlemen aforenamed, stand for the election
at the next quarter- court.

"A general quarter-court was held the 31st of January, 1620-21,
at which were present the Right Honourable —
Earl of Southampton, Earl of Devonshire,

Earl of Dorset, Lord Paget,

Sir Thomas Finch,** Sir Samuel Sandys,

Sir Robert Philips, Sir Edwin Sandys,

in 1686, all his plantation on the south side of James river called Chap-
lin's Choice (so named from Isaac Chaplin, member of the Council), in
Charles City county, but now in Prince George county, which his father
had purchased long before. William Wyatt patented lands in Glouces-
ter county in 1653 ; Major William in Gloucester and New Kent counties
in 1663-1664; William, Jr., in New Kent in 1670, adjoining the lands of
Major William Wyatt, Sr. In 1655 Major William Wyatt was a witness
to a deed from the Indian King of Chiskoyoke to ** Mr. Edward Wyatt,
Gentleman,'* which was patented in Gloucester county in 1662. In 1653
Major William Wyatt, of Gloucester county, deeded lands to his wife,
Anna, and his daughter, Anna Jackson. Thomas Wyatt patented in
1643, 2,000 acres on the ** south side of Rappahannock river, 20 miles
up." Richard Wyatt patented 500 acres in Mobjack Bay in 1642. George
Wyatt, *' of Virginia Loop," patented lands in York county in 1642.
Ralph Wyatt was living in Virginia before 1636. Henry Wyatt (bom
1647) was living with his wife, Alice, in New Kent county in 1686. There
are descendants in England of George, brother of Governor Francis
Wyatt. In the records of York county, Virginia, of date 9th April. 1653,
appears a deed from Mrs. Hannah Clarke, of Queen's Creek, to Dr.
Jeremiah Harrison, of Queen's Creek, Gentleman, for 300 acres of land
on Queen's Creek, patented by Stephen Gill 26th September, 1636; sold
by him to Robert Booth 6th November, 1637, and sold by the last to
John Brock 6th December, 1638, and sold by said Brock to Thomas
Gerard, Gentleman, 26th October, 1648, and sold by Gerard 22d July,
1650, to Sir Dudley Wyatt, Knight, deceased, and left by him by will
dated 26th March, 1650-'!. and recorded in the Secretary's office, James
City, 25th April, 1651, to Mrs. Clarke. Mrs. Clarke was probably the
daughter of Sir Dudley Wyatt, and Mr. Wyatt, elsewhere mentioned in
connection with his estate, his son.

•Henry Finch, probably a relative, was a member of the Council in
Virginia in 1630.

104

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Sir John Dauers,

Sir Henry Manuering,

Sir Edward Lawley,

Sir Nicholas Tufton,

Sir William Twisden,

Mr. Gibbs,

Dr. Gulstone,

Mr. Deputy,

Mr. Bromfield,

Mr. Wrothby,

Mr. George Sandys,

Mr. Robert Smith,

Mr. Lynsey,

Mr. Palavicnie,

Mr. Whitley,

Mr. Berblock,

Mr. Casewell,

Mr. Keightley,

Mr. Jermyn,

Mr. Steward,

Mr. Sheppard,

Mr. Cranmer,

Mr. Scott,

Sir Philip Carey,

Sir Waiter Earl,

Sir Francis Wyat,

Sir Francis Waynman,

Mr. John Wroth,

Mr. Nich. Ferrar,

Mr. Rugles,

Mr. Darnelly,

Mr. Bland,

Mr. Swinhoe,

Mr. Chamberlyn,

Mr. Bull,

Mr. Cartwright,

Mr. Edwards,

Mr. Chamberlyn,

Mr. Mellinge,

Mr. Steward,

Mr: Bernard,

Mr. Lawrence,

Mr. Lover,

Mr. Widdows,

Mr. Covel,

with divers others.

'* My Lord of Southampton signified unto the Company that
he had been mindful of their former requests, and for that cause
had that morning been with my Lord of Doncaster, to know his
Majesty's answer concerning their letter, which his Lordship had
formerly presented to his Majesty, who reported that, having the
same day moved the King to that purpose, it pleased his Majesty
to say (having read that letter) that he found nothing therein
which might not in reason be granted, and therefore they should
find him ready to do this Company all the favour and right they
justly could desire ; and touching their request to renew their
patent, his Majesty was likewise pleased they should go to the
drawing up of their book, being confident they would be careful
to insert nothing therein that might be prejudicial either to his
power or profit ; for which cause his pleasure was that after they
had finished the same, his learned Council might peruse it, which
afterwards, according to their own desire, might also be con-
firmed by act of Parliament, for which most gracious and princely

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 105

fiivour extended towards them, the court, with exceeding great
joy and comfort, did generally testify their bounden thankfulness
unto his Majesty, as likewise unto his Lordship and to that other
noble Lord, who had together taken so great pains and care in a
business of so great importance and consequence unto them all.

"Sir Edwin Sandys signified that my Lord of Southampton,
being one of the greatest and most ancient adventurers of this
Company, having now a desire, with the help and assistance of
his friends, to undertake and advance a particular plantation in
Virginia to the number of three hundred shares, moved that a
patent might be granted to his Lordship, and order taken for some
preparation in the mean time to be there made for the better en-
couragement of the adventurers, and setting forward of so noble
a design ; which motion the court generally condescended unto,
as being willing to give his Lordship all the help and furtherance
they could in an action so full of honour, and which by example
might draw on others with like resolution to advance more par-
ticular plantations in Virginia, and thereby in short time replen-
ish that country with good multitudes of people.

" Other businesses having been ordered and the court now
full, my Lord of Southampton moved that if the Company so
pleased they would now go to the election of their new Governor
of Virginia, who was to succeed Sir George Yeardley after' the
expiration of his said commission (which is to determine in No-
vember next\ Sir George Yeardley having then a desire also to
release and disburden himself of the said place of government.
The court, therefore, proceeded, having agreed to a present
election. My Lord prayed the Company that if, according to
his former admonition, they had bethought themselves of any
person of quality fitting for so eminent a place, that would be
willing to undertake the managing thereof, that they would now
please to nominate the man, who might be put to the ballotting-
box, together with Sir Francis Wyat, who was formerly proposed
and recommended to them.

''But no other person being so much as named, and for that
this gendeman. Sir Francis Wyat, was both recommended and
so well known to be every way sufficient to take this charge upon
him, he was in this great and general quarter-court, with the
whole consent and approbation of the same (save two only, whose
balls were found in the negative box), chosen to be the successive

106 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Governor of Virginia after Sir George Yeardley, which place Sir
Francis Wyatt having, with much thankfulness, accepted of and
with a free acknowledgment of his affection and resolution con-
stantly bent to do the Company the best service. It was like-
wise moved that for his better encouragement therein, the court
would be pleased to bestow {another favour upon him by admit-
ting him one of his Majesty's Council here for Virginia, which
motion was thought very reasonable and generally assented
unto, as being willing in point of honour to enable and encourage
him the better to undertake the said place of government upon
him.

"At an extraordinary court held the 22d of February, 1620-21,
Sir Edwin Sandys signified unto the Company that my Lord of
Southampton, by reason of this busy time of Parliament, could
not be spared to be here at this present meeting, and therefore
desired to be excused. He farther acquainted them that the oc-
casion of their being assembled this day was to let them know
how careful he had been in the drawing up of their new patent,
now presented to be read unto them, wherein he reported what
extraordinary pains he had taken, as well to amend in this new
draught the deserts he had noted in all the former patents ; also,
to supply out of them and other precedents of like nature what
he in his own experience and judgment had observed to be ne-
cessary for them ; as also he had not omitted to insert therein
such necessary cautions as would hereafter secure and save them
harmless against any proclamation or patent that might (as here-
tofore) be procured to their prejudice, the same being once
passed under the seal and confirmed by act of Parliament ; but
before the reading of this new patent, he desired to acquaint
them with some alterations he had made differing from the
former patents, especially in two points, namely : in the head
and in the body thereof. First, in the head, that whereas in the
former patents their chief officers were called treasurers, he
had in this given him a more eminent title, by styling him their
Governor, because the name treasurer seemed to imply an in-
ferior officer and one that was to be an accountant.

**And because the northern colony adventurers had to their
territories given the name of New England, he thought fit that
theirs did still retain the name of Virginia, for by this means all
Virginia should be theirs. In the body of this patent, as namely,

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 107

in their new incorporation, he said he had likewise differed from
the former in two points : first, in the material part thereof, by
abridging the same and restraining it only to such adventurers
and planters as have at least one share of two hundred acres in
Virginia, etc. In the formal part thereof, as well to avoid the
infinity of names by reason of the multitude of adventurers (in-
creasing still more and more) as for that many were already
named in a former patent, he therefore thought good in this only
to name the Lords of the higher house of Parliament, and add
thereunto these words, comprehending in effect all the rest, vizt :
together with all other adventurers and planters in Virginia, etc.
Some other part of the said patent, which in the reading he
would notify unto them, desiring their attentions to the reading
thereof, and to give their best advice about the same.

" Before the patent was read through, because the afternoon
was far spent, it was, upon a motion, ordered and agreed that
the court should continue till all businesses were ended.

*' It was also moved by some of the Sumer Island Company,
that the court would please to think of some course that might be
forthwith taken in hand, either by petitioning to his Majesty or
to the House of Parliament, to declare thereby the great hin-
drance and loss that both the plantations had sustained by the
late proclamation and the grant of the sole importation of tobacco
to certain patentees, as likewise, under colour thereof, of their in-
jurious proceedings against both the Companies, in that they
have not only stinted them to too scant a proportion, but have
also restrained them from selling their tobacco lately brought
from the Somer Islands without their seal and allowance first
had, for which they were to pay for garbling the same after the
rate of four pence p*r pound.

" The court, therefore, generally agreed to prefer a petition in
the name of the Company of Virginia, being also members of
the Somer Islands, to the lower House of Parliament, and therein
to complain of the former grievances tending to the utter de-
struction and overthrow of both the plantations, whereof they
doubted not but they should find the like redress as of many
other monopolies of like nature which the lower House had
called into question, and by his Majesty's gracious permission
intended utterly to extinguish.

" It was therefore ordered that a committee should be appointed

108 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

for drawing the said petition, and for this purpose nominated Sir
Francis Wyat, Mr. George Sandys and Mr. Deputy Ferrar, who
are desired to take some pains therein, and to make it in sub-
stance agreeable to that which Sir Edwin Sandys had delivered
unto them.

"The patent being read and put to the question to know
whether they would have it so to pass, or desired anything to be
added thereunto, it was generally well approved of, and thought
to be drawn fully and exactly, for which the Company gave unto
Sir Edwin Sandys many deserved thanks for his great pains
taken therein.

"Whereupon, Mr. Wrote took occasion to pray the court to
take into consideration such suits as depend between the Com-
pany and any other person, being heretofore commenced in the
name of the Treasurer and Company (which by this new patent
was hereafter to be called the Governor and Company), were not
so concluded, as they must of necessity be inforced to begin their
suits of new. Whereunto answer was made that this change of
title would be no prejucice at all to any such suits, considering
the former patents should not be surrendered, but remain still in
force.

" Sir Edwin Sandys having moved that some might be ap-
pointed to solicit the dispatch of this new patent under seal, and
to procure the King's warrant to Mr. Solicitor to make the same
ready for his Majesty's signature, it was desired that the Lords
might be entreated, on the behalf of the Company, to take that
pains to procure the said warrant, and to hasten the dispatch
thereof with some expedition.

"Captain Bargrave having presented a treatise which he had
made concerning the government of Virginia, moved that a
committee might be appointed to peruse the same. Whereupon
the court nominated Sir Edward Sackvil, Sir Francis Wyat, Mr.
Gibbs, Mr. Wrote, Mr. Deputy, Mr. George Sandys, Captain
Masters, Captain Bingham, Mr. Nicholas Ferrar and Mr. Rugles,*

"George Ruggle, born in Lavenham, Suffolk, November 13, 1575;
received the degree of A. M. from Cambridge in 1597, and entered into
holy orders ; in 1598 he was a Fellow of Clare Hall. After Nicholas
Ferrar was elected Deputy of the Virginia Company, Ruggle vacated
his fellowship and became an assistant in the affairs of the Company.
He died in November, 1622. In his will dated 6th September, 162 1, he

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 109

who are desired to meet upon Monday, the 26th of this present
month, to consider thereof and to certify at the next court their
opinion touching the same.

''April the 12th, 1621. Sir Edwin Sandys being desired to
make report what has been done touching the new patent, signi-
fied unto the Company that, whereas the Lord Viscount Don-
caster had formerly presented a letter from the Council to the
King wherein, among other things, they did humbly entreat his
Majesty's most gracious favour to renew their patent, and the
same might be also confirmed by act of Parliament, the better to
strengthen the plantation in general by engaging of the whole
State in the interest and support of the action. It pleased his
Majesty to signify his gracious pleasure by my Lord of Doncas-
ter to Mr. Attorney General for drawing up of the same. To
which end he said that he and Mr. Herbert and Mr. Deputy had
attended Mr. Attorney about the same time, presenting him the
draught which had formerly been read here in court ; and having
acquainted him with the order he had used throughout the said
book, by reducing it into three heads, vizt.: The first containing
such immunities as had been granted in their former patents, the
second some additions as they had taken out of the Somer
Islands patent, the third such new clauses as time and experience
had taught to be necessary for them ; whereunto he added like-
wise a fourth; which was the amplifying and enlarging some
necessary points as were in general words employed in their
former grants.

" In reading whereof Mr. Attorney well observed, that their
new incorporation differing in name from the old (the Treasurer
being in this called by the name of Governor) was not warrant-
able in law in that manner as they had drawn it without surren-
der of the former patents, for that it did thereby imply two
distinct corporations ; but this point Mr. Attorney undertook to

left £100 " towards the bringing up of the infidePs children in Virginia
in Christian religion." He was the author of *' Ignoramus," a comedy
in which the pedantry of the common law forms, and obsolete phrase-
ology of the lawyers were ridiculed. It was twice played before King
James, at the University by the students, and he was so pleased witn the
farce that he said " he believed the author and the acts together had a
design to make him laugh himself to death."— iVW^j Virginia Veiusta,
pages 1 80-1.

110 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

amend by altering^ the form and framing it another way ; but as
for such new clauses and additions which they had made, Mr.
Attorney desired he might have a special warrant from his
Majesty to that effect ; to which purpose Sir Edwin Sandys said
there was now a petition drawn to be exhibited to his Majesty for
procuring a reference to such of his Highness' s most honourable
privy council as it should please his Majesty to assign, to take
consideration of those new clauses which they desire to be in-
serted in their patent, which petition my Lord of Doncaster, out
of a noble desire to further all occasions tending to the good of
the plantation, was pleased to undertake to present unto his
Majesty, and to solicit for answer touching their request.

" Sir Edwin Sandys moved that in regard Mr. Edward Bennet,
a citizen, had so well deserved of this Company by a treatise
which he made touching the inconveniency that the importation
of tobacco out of Spain had brought into this land, and by his
often attendance upon the committees of the lower House of
Commons about the same (who were well inclined to afford their
best assistance for prohibiting the bringing in of Spanish tobacco),
that therefore he might have the favour to be admitted a free
member of the Company, which motion was thought very rea-
sonable, and being put to the question, was generally assented
unto and confirmed by erection of hands.

" Whereas, Captain William Newce, out of a generous dispo-
sition and desire to advance the general plantation in Virginia
(being induced hereunto by reason of a good success he had in
Ireland upon the like worthy action), hath freely offered to the
Company to transport at his own costs and charges one thousand
persons in Virginia betwixt this and midsummer, 1625, to be
there planted and employed upon a particular plantation, and in-
tendeth to go over himself in person, the better to direct and
govern his own people, over whom he prays he may be ap-
pointed their general, and to that end desireth a patent, with that
proportion of land, and with such large and ample privileges be-
sides, as are usually granted to others in like kind ; and farther,
as well in consideration of the chargeableness of the enterprize
he undertakes, as also for his better encouragement thereunto,
he desireth the court would be pleased to grant him the place of
marshall in Virginia, which ofHce he affecteth, the rather because
he hath ever been exercised in military affairs and arms, as may

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. Ill

«

appear by his many worthy services performed in Ireland, well
known to divers honourable persons of this kingdom, who have
testified the same upon their own knowledge, to his exceeding
great commendation ; and desires likewise that he may be allowed
fifty men, lo be placed as tenants upon the lands to be allotted
unto the said office, which he undertakes to transport and furnish
with apparel and necessary implements for ;^8 the person charge
unto the Company (whereof the moiety he desired present pay-
ment), which persons, being there arrived, he will maintain and
uphold at his own charge from time to time during his continu-
ance in the said office. The court having, therefore, duly con-
sidered of his propositions (touching which the Council had also
treated with him formerly), were pleased to give order that a
patent should be drawn for him, as ample as any other with all
manner of privileges, saving the title of general, which they
could not grant him, because it was a title properly belonging to
the Governor only.

**And forasmuch as Captain Newce has given so large a testi-
mony of his experience and skill in militia discipline, wherein
he hath been exercised and employed a long time upon many
services in Ireland, as also in matters of fortification and other
warlike employments no whit inferior to any (as hath been also
testified), and for that he hath also promised to employ his best
endeavours and service to the good of that plantation (which is
like to prove a matter of great consequence unto it), in con-
sideration whereof, although there be no present necessity or use
of such an officer in Virginia (in regard of the perpetual league
lately made between the Governor and the Indian King), yet to
gratify his worthy undertaking the Company are pleased to grant
him the said place of marshall, with fifty men to be his tenants.
And if the state of their cash (which the adventurers are now
desired to examine) will permit, they will pay him in hand one
moiety of the money that he desires, and the other moiety upon
certificate from the Governor of his arrival in Virginia, As for
the other conditions of the contract to be made between the
Company and him, it is agreed and ordered that the general
committees, assisted with some of the Council hereafter named,
shall further treat and conclude with him about the same touch-
ing all particularities whatsoever.

"Sir Edwin Sandys signified that there was one unknown to

112 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

him (by face) who was now in hand with an excellent treatise^
consisting of these five special heads : defense, plenty, health,
trade and manners — ^all tending to the reformation of the colony
in Virginia and the future advancement of the general planta-
tion — moved, therefore, that the court would be pleased to make
request that the said treatise might be perfected against the next
meeting. Whereupon, the court entreated the same might be
ready against that time.

''It was likewise that forasmuch as there hath hitherto been
observed so great neglect and remissness in the Governors of
Virginia, from time to time, to the infinite prejudice of that plan-
tation, in that they have not duly performed those directions
which have from hence been commended to their care and execu-
tion, whereby little or nothing hath been effected answerable to
the great care and charge the Company hath been at for planting
good and staple commodities in that country, to the great scandal
of the government there, and no less discouragement of the ad-
venturers here, that for reformation thereof such an officer may
be chosen to be sent thither who might, in the quality of a Trea-
surer, not only to take into his particular charge the rents and
duties of what kind soever belonging to the Company here
(there being at this instant above ;^i,ooo due unto them), but
also take into his special regard and care (as principally re-
commended to his peculiar charge only, and for which a good
account will be expected, ) to see those directions and command-
ments which he shall receive from hence duly and faithfully exe-
cuted from time to time, or otherwise to render a sufficient reason
to the contrary, whereby the Company hereafter may be better
satisfied and informed in the proceeds of their business and affairs
in Virginia ; which motion the court greatly applauding, as that
which carried with it the greatest consequence, and being desirous
that such an important officer might be forthwith thought upon.

" It pleased my Lord of Southampton to propose a gentleman
well known unto them all as a man very fit to take that charge
upon him, namely, Mr. George Sandys, who, indeed, was gene-
rally so well reputed of for his approved fidelity, sufficiency
and integrity as they conceived a fitter man could not be chosen
for that place, and thereupon agreed to his election, referring him
to the former committees to be further treated and concluded
with concerning the same.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON.. 113

" Hereupon, and upon. declaration of the state of the new patent
made by Sir Edwin Sandys, Mr. Smith took occasion, first to
protest that his eye, in that he had to speak, reflected not either
upon the person of the now Governor in Virginia, or upon the
new Governor here in court, or upon. any other in particular, biit
for the general honour and welfare of the plantation, was to en-
treat of my Lord of Southampton and the Council, that in the
said patent (if no such addition of power were therein inserted)
authority might be given to the quarter- courts to question the
Governor of Virginia here in England, if the ill-merit of his
government should so deserve, and to punish him by fine or
otherwise. For he could not but declare that not publicam, but
prvvatum cammodum did seem to be their ends of effecting that
place ; for his private letters (whereof he had at times received
above forty) did, as he thought, truly inform that no directions
or instructions (which with singular wisdom, diligence and care),
had from time to time issued from the Treasurer and Council
here, had been put by them in execution to the loss of many men's
lives there, to the hindrance and scandal of the whole plantation,
and to the disesteem and slighting of the persons of the Treasu-
rer and Council here, and the authority of the whole court, which
he only presumed to commend to their consideration.

^ But hereunto answer was made that it was the opinion of
Mr. Attorney General, upon a smaller matter in their new patent
than this was (namely, the punishment of labourers, artificers and
such like offenders), that he feared it would have much ado to
pass with such a clause the House of Parliament. And, besides,
they had already power in their said patent to displace the Gov-
ernor upon just occasions, which was conceived to be as much as
would be granted unto them by act of Parliament touching that
point.

" Mr. Smith ™ likewise moved, that forasmuch as the lotteries
were now suspended, which hitherto had continued the real and
substantial food by which Virginia hath been nourished, that in-
stead thereof, she might be now preserved by divulging fame and
goodfeport, as she and her worthy undertakers did well deserve,
declaring that it could not but much advance the plantation in
the popular opinion of the common subjects to have a fair and

^ Captain John Smith.

114 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

perspicuous history compiled of that country, from her first dis-
covery to this day ; and to have the memory and fame of many
of her worthies, though they be dead, to live and be transmitted to
all posterities, as namely, Sir Thomas Dale, Sir George Somers,**
Sir Walter Raileigh, the Lord Delaware," Sir Thomas Gates,

" Sir George Somers, Knight, one of the original patentees for coloci-
izing Virginia, was born at Lyme Regis in 1554, and in 1604 was
knighted as of Boxholm. He was a naval officer of experience and
honorable service. When became to Virginia, in 1609, he was a mem-
ber of Parliament. Appointed Admiral of Vii'ginia; died at Ber-
muda, whither he had gone for provisions for the colony. November
9th, 1610.

" Sir Thomas West, third Lord De La Warr (or Delaware as the name
now obtains), member of the King's Privy Council, the first resident
Govemor-in-Chief of the colony, was born about the year 1579. His
relatives and family connections, who were closely allied with royalty,
were among the most active and influential agents of American coloni-
zation. The Virginia colony being in a languishing condition, the Lon-
don Company obtained, 23d May, 1609. a second charter, with enlarged
privileges and territory, and under it Lord De La Warr received the
appointment of ** Governor and Captain -General of Virginia " for life.
He is contemporaneously characterized as " one of approved courage,
temper and experience," and as being '' religious, wise, and of a valorous
mind." The newly organized Company embraced an imposing repre-
sentation of rank, wealth and influence, and to the *' example, constancy,
and resolution " of Lord De La Warr is ascribed the revival of " that
which was almost lifeless." De La Warr arrived at Jamestown loth
June, 1610, and immediately instituted vigorous measures for the recu-
peration of the drooping settlement. The church at Jamestown was
repaired and religious services regularly held ; two forts were built
on the Southampton river and called after the King's sons, Henry
and Charles, respectively. The administration of Lord De La Warr
though ludicrously ostentatious for so insignificant a dominion, was yet
highly wholesome, and under his judicious discipline the settlement was
restored to order and contentment. His health failing. Lord De La
Warr sailed 28th March, 161 1, for the Island of Mevis, for the benefit of the
warm baths, leaving the colony in the charge of Captain George Percy.
His health improving somewhat, he desired to return to his govern-
ment in Virginia, but was overruled by medical advice, and sailed for
England instead. His generous exertions for the welfare of the colony,
here continued, were most assiduous, and were largely instrumental in
the frequent procurement for it of new supplies, and in securing a third
and yet more advantageous charter for the Company, which was granted
by the King 12th March, 1611-12. Lord De La Warr set sail fromEng-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 116

and divers others, whereunto, were it not for suspicion of flattery,
he would wish also the names of many others of her worthies
yet living, and some of them now present in court, might have
also their good and honourable deservings commended to eternal
thankfulness, for that our inabilities had as yet np truer coin to
recompense their pains and merits, affirming also that the best
now planted parts of America under the Spanish government,
nor their annals or histories of those times, in their like ages of
ours, now twelve years old, Virginia afforded better matter of
relation than Virginia hath done and doth, with what effect such
a history (deduced to the life to this year) would work through-
out the whole kingdom with the general and common subject,
may be gathered by the litde pamphlets or declarations lately
printed ; and besides few succeeding years would soon consume
the lives of many whose living memories yet retained much, and
devoured those letters and intelligences which yet remain in loose

land to return to Virginia some time in March or April, 1618, but un-
fortunately died in or near Delaware Bay on the 7th of June following,
sealing his devotion to the colony with his life, after having dissipated
his fortune in thtf advancement of its interest. He married Cicely,
daughter of Sir Thomas Shirley. A copy of his portrait, at Buckhurst
Park, county Sussex, England, the seat of the present Earl De La Warr,
is in the State Library at Richmond. Lord De La Warr prepared a
*' Relation *' of the planting of his colony in Virginia, which was pub-
lished at London in 161 1. It was reprinted (50 copies) in 1859, and
again by R W. Griswold (20 copies) in 1868. A letter from Lord De La
Warr, 7th July, 1610, from the Harleian MSS. is printed in the Hakluyt
Society's edition of Strachey, page xxiii. Hon. L. S Sackville West, a
younger brother of the present Earl is now British Minister to the
United States. Three brothers of Lord De La Warr were identified
with Virginia*; Captain Francis West, acting Governor of the colony
from 14th November, 1627, until 5th March, 1629, when he went to Eng-
land ; returning to Virginia he was a member of the Council in 1633,
and by tradition was subsequently drowned. John West, another
brother, was Muster Master General of the colony, and acting Gov-
ernor from 28th April, 1635, to 2d April, 1636. In March, 1659-60, the
House of Burgesses passed an act acknowledging " the many impor-
tant favors and services rendered to the country of Virginia by the
noble family of West, predecessors of Mr. John West, their now only
survivor." He is the ancestor of the several families in Virginia claim
ing descent from the Earls De La Warr. A third brother of Lord De
La Warr, Nathaniel West, served as a member of the Council.

116 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

and neglected papers, for which boldness in moving thereof he
prayed his Lordship's pardon, led thereunto by the request of
some of his fellows of the generality, which worthy speech had
of the whole court a very great applause as spoken freely to a
special purpose, and therefore thought fit to be considered of and
put in practice in his due time. And for which also Mr. Smith
(as preferring always motions of special consequence) was ex-
ceedingly commended.

" In a preparative court the 30th of April, 1621, it was thought
fit the Governor should commence his voyage the first of July,
and the men be taken in at the Isle of Wight.

** Mr. Deputy signified, that according to the directions of the
former committees, they had made enquiry, and had already
found out a very good ship, called the George, very fitting for
their purpose, which Mr. Wiseman offered upon these conditions
following, vizt: that she should carry no more than eighty men,
and them at £6 a man, after which rate he desires to have the
whole payment in hand ; he demands, likewise, for each ton of
goods, ;^3, and to carry no more than may be conveniently
stowed in the hold, without pestering the decks ; he hath prom-
ised likewi.se to every two passengers, one chest, freight free ;
and further, for his freight homewards he will take it as it falls
out, and offereth to bind himself to bring the Company's tobacco
at 3d. per pound, or otherwise to leave it at their pleasure for
the price, and whether they wHl accept to have it brought in his
ship or no, which Mr. Ewens also agreed unto, offering to carry
their tobacco as good, cheap as another, and otherwise they did
not desire it.

** Which propositions the court thought very reasonable, and
therefore recommended it to the quarter court, and, withal, en-
joined the said Mr. Ewens to have his ship in readiness by the
first of July next, either at the Isle of Wight or where the com-
mittees shall appoint, whom he is required to attend for that
purpose.

" Sir John Dauers delivered (and referred it to the considera-
tion of the court), a motion that fell out to be made after the
treaty of the committees concerning the former officers was
concluded, which was, that in regard of the usual constitution of
men and lands to belong to every chief officer's place, and some
reason and experience had found that the officers' tenants were

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 117

chiefly regarded, and the Company's tenants the more ne-
glected; it, therefore, might be fitting to cast and allot all the
Governor's and other officers' tenants into the number of the
public, and out of the whole . profit belonging to the Company,
and the said Governor and other officers should have their parts
proportionable to the number of tenants appointed unto them.
By which means there would be a more general care for the ad-
vancing public affairs, and profit of the general Company, since
all the officers* interest and commodity was therein employed ;
which motion, being conceived an innovation, and to overthrow
things already established, was (as the case now sitood) thought
more likely to introduce a conceit in the people, of inconstancy
of their government, and consequently, a discontent, than such
a due reformation as might be hoped. Nevertheless, it was
worthy consideration whether the Treasurer's place, and others
hereafter to be established, might not very fittingly be referred
to receive their proportionable maintenance from the profits of
the public tenants, since it was very probable that these, so to
be maintained, would employ their own care, and likewise^ by
their diligent watchfulness, induce the former established officers
to bestow their pains more fully and diligently for the raising
of the Company's profit, and not so much to intend their own
particulars; which motion was thought fit to be considered of
hereafter.

" At a great and general quarter-court held the second of May,
1621, there were present the Right Honourable —
Earl of Southampton, Lord Cavendish,

Lord Paget, Sir Thomas Roe,

Sir John Dauers, Sir Nicholas Tufton,

Sir Henry Ranisford, Sir Richard Worsly,

Sir Samuel Sandys, Sir Edwin Sandys,

Sir Walter Earle, Sir Francis Wyate,

Mr. Deputy Ferrar, Mr. Foby Palavicnie,

Mr. George Sandys, Mr. Thomas Gibbs,

Captain William Newce, Captain Bargrave,

Mr. John Zouch," Mr. John Smith,

"Probably the son of Sir John Zouch, a friend of Governor Samuel
Matthews, who visited the colony of Virginia in 1634, where he had a
son and daughter. The Governor told the Council that he (Sir John)
was '*of the Puritan Sect ^'—NeilVs Virginia Car'olorum, page 118.

118

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Dr. Winstone,
Mr. Oxenbridge,
Mr. Ranisford,
Captain Tucker,
Mr. Challoner,
Mr. Moone,
Mr. Sheppard,
Mr. Ewens,
Mr. Cartwright,
Mr. Scott,
Mr. Newland,
Mr. Chamberlain,
Mr. Tomkyns,
Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Wiseman,
Mr. Bennett,
Mr. Covell,
Mr. Lover,
Mr. Bland,
Mr. Casewell,

Dr. Anthony,

Mr. Kempe,

Mr. Edward Gibbs,

Mr.' Robert Smith,

Mr. Porter,

Mr. Jefferson,**

Mr. Nicholas Ferrar,

Mr. Pennistone,

Mr. Wale,

Mr. Palmer,

Mr. Biddolph,

Mr. Boothby,

Mr. Jadwin,

Mr. Clarke,

Mr. Agres,

Captain Hamor,**

Mr. Paulson,

Mr. Bull,

Mr. Rugles,

Mr. Barblock,

"A John Jefferson came to Virginia in 1619 in the Bona Nova^ and
was the same year Burgess for Flowerdieu Hundred. In 1626, he had a
patent of 250 acres at Archer's Hope. Thomas Jefferson, of Henrico
county, married Mary, daughter of Wm. Branch, and died 1697, leaving
issue : i. Captain Thomas,* J. P. of Henrico county, 1706 ; died 1731 ;

married Mary, daughter of Major Field ; ii, Martha,' married Wynne.

Captain Thomas ' Jefferson had issue: i, Field'; ii. Colonel Peter,* mar-
ried Jane, daughter of Wm. Randolph, and of his issue was Thomas,*

President of the United States ; iii, Judith, married Farrar; iv, Mary,

married Thomas Turpin ; v, Martha.

'* Captain Ralph Hamor, Jr., whose father of the same name, a mer-
chant tailor, was a member of the Company. Hamor had been secre-
tary of the colony, and after the marriage of Pocahontas and John
Rolfe, visited Powhatan, to induce him to let Sir Thomas Dale take to
his bed a younger daughter, scarce twelve years old. Hamor visited
England in 1614, and in 1615 published in 4to " A True Discourse of
the Present Estate of Virginia until i8th of June, 1614.'* He was long
a member of the Council. In the ** Muster " of 30th June, 1624, his
name appears with that of his wife Elizabeth. In 1626 he appears as
a patentee of 250 acres in Hog Island, and 500 acres at Blunt Point. His
residence was in James Town.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 119

Mr. Barker, Mr. Barber,

Mr. Swinho, Mr. Geo. Smith,

Mr. Mellinge, Mr. Swayne,

Mr. Widdows, Mr. Martin,

Mr. Pierce, Mr. Peake, with divers others.

'* Mr. Deputy signified that my Lord of Southampton could not
be here at the beginning of this, reason of some special business
this afternoon at Parliament. And therefore they might begin to
order something in regard of many matters they had to dispatch.
Whereupon, after the acts of the former courts were read, he
began to remember them of those particulars that had been pro-
pounded in the preparative court, and referred to the confirmation
of the greatest quarter-court.

** And first, that whereas it hath been taken into consideration
how necessary and useful it is to establish two such officers in
Virginia as a Treasurer and a Marshal, whereby the one might be
accomptant here to the Company for such rents and duties as
shall yearly accrue and grow due unto them ^ there being already
;^i,ooo due in that kind) and especially take care to cause such
directions as from hence shall proceed, touching the setting for-
ward of good and staple commodities, be duly and exactly exe-
cuted, from time to time, the neglect whereof hitherto has been
an infinite prejudice unto the plantation : and the other officer,
namely, the Marshal, might undertake the care and charge as well
of the fortifications as of the arms and forces of the colony, and
to settle it in that proportion of strength as it may be able to de-
fend itself against all foreign ennemies.

** To which end, and that these officers might be maintained,
care had been taken by the committees, assisted with some of
the Council according to an order of court, and to state and
endow the said offices with a convenient salary, which they had
proportioned in manner following :

"First, unto the place of Treasurer they had allotted 1,500
acres of land, to be cultivated and manured by fifty persons to be
placed thereupon in quality of tenants at halfs, to belong to the
said office forever, whereof twenty five to be sent this present
voyage, and as many more the year ensuing, which number of
fifty persons the Treasurer is bound to maintain and leave to his
successor. Moreover, towards the charge of necessary pro-

120 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

visions to be made for the said Treasurer, they had allowed (ac-
cording to former precedents) ;^I50 and the free transportation
of his own family, not exceeding twenty persons.

'*And unto the place of Marshal, in like manner they have
thought fit to allow the like proportion of land and tenants to be
appropriated to the said office forever ; and forasmuch as Cap-
tain William Newce, now proposed for the place of Marshal, upon
special recommendation of his sufficiency to perform the said
office, hath undertaken to plant and furnish out with necessaries
the said number of fifty persons, all within one year upon the
said land, and them to maintain and leave to his successor ; in
consideration whereof the said committees have thought fit, the
better to enable him thereunto, to allow him ;^200 in hand to-
wards the charge of his present setting out, and other ;^200 upon
certificate of his arrival in Virginia.

" Which several allowances, this court having duly considered,
conceived to be very reasonable, and being put to the question
did ratify and confirm ; but for the manner of managing the said
offices, it was thought fit to recommend that to the care and wis-
dom of the Council, to prescribe the same and to order and limit
their proceedings by instructions.

" It was further signified that the said committees have like-
wise thought fit to allow the Governor no less than ;^200 for all
necessary provisions to be made for this present voyage, with free
transport of his own family (not exceeding twenty persons),
which being now put to the question, was ratified and confirmed
by a general erection of hands.

" Proceeding to the election of Marshal, for so much as Cap-
tain William Newce was only proposed to stand to the election
and be put to the ballotting-box, was by the same chosen, with a
general consent (save of three balls only found in the negative
box), to be Marshall of Virginia.

** Mr. George Sandys, likewise being nominated for the place
of Treasurer, and accordingly ballotted, was, with like consent
(save of three balls only), chosen and confirmed to be Treasurer.

**It being moved that two such eminent officers as the Mar-
shall and Treasurer, whereunto so worthy gentlemen are now
elected, might be both admitted of his Majesty's Council here,
and also of the council of state in Virginia, the court conceived
it very fit, and ordered unto them both accordingly.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 121

** Mr. Oulsworth also, upon Mr. Smith's recommendation of
his worth and sufficiency, having been a justice of peace here in
England for so many years, and of the quorum, was now chosen
and confirmed to be of the council of state in Virginia.

'* In regard of the extraordinary well deservings of Sir Edwin
Sandys, and his continual constant endeavours, both before and
in the time of his government and since, to uphold and advance
the plantation by his industry, care and providence, the Com-
pany thought fit now, in his absence especially, to shew some
testimony of their love and thankfulness, tho' noways able to
gratify his pains in that complete manner as he had deserved, by
bestowing twenty shares of land on him for the present till better
means accrue that might enable the Company to be further
jthankful unto him ; which twenty shares being put to the ques-
tion were, by a general consent, ratified and confirmed.

" Forasmuch as it hath been observed that the alienating and
selling shares of land at an undervalue, as commonly men do for
forty or fifty shillings, did not only defraud the treasury of much
money that would come upon an orderly purchase thereof from
the Company, but did also slight and disesteem the free and hon-
ourable bounty of this court, and in a manner embase the Vir-
ginia soil, and, besides, not a little discourage such as had paid
in their j£i2 los, for every single share; for prevention whereof
it was therefore moved that the court would please, in bestowing
shares of land hereafter upon merit, to grant it with such limita-
tions as no man may have liberty to sell or transfer his shares to
any other for any consideration whatsoever unless the committee
appointed for distribution of shares should be moved upon some
special reasons to give way thereunto. Whereupon the court
ordered that from this day forward all shares of land given by
the Company shall be limited under the former caution, unless
the said committee shall think fit to allow otherwise thereof.

"After auditors and committees had been chosen and other
business done, it was 'moved that, seeing my Lord of Southamp-
ton was not yet come, they might notwithstanding proceed to the
election of their new Treasurer for the year ensuing ; which mo-
tion being agreed unto, and my Lord of Southampton only pro-
posed for election, his Lordship was forthwith ballotted according
to order and thereby chosen, with a full and general consent of
the whole court (as appeared by the balls, there being not one

'9^ OF THB ^'^

UNIVERSITY

12S ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

against it,) to continue and hold the said place of Treasurer for
the ensuing year, whereof his Lordship being advertized at his
coming, and of the humble and earnest request of the whole
court to that purpose, was pleased to accept of their willing
choice in very noble manner, excusing his remiss in coming to
their courts the year past, as also the occasion of his long stay
this day at Parliament, which the court did not only signify their
readiness to dispense with, but rendered also to his Lordship the
greatest thanks that possibly they could for his honourable care,
pains and endeavours to uphold and advance the plantation ever
since his happy entrance into this place of government.

" Sir Edwin Sandys signified unto the Company that whereas,
to their great care and cost of ;^4,ooo, they had heretofore given
directions for the setting up of certain iron-works in Virginia,
and to that end procured skilful men for the making of iron, they
had received credible information that three of their master work-
men were dead: in supply of whom, because the hope of that com-
modity is very great, having already received a good proof there-
of by iron sent from thence, they have already sent three other
skilful workmen to advance again the said work, and now it was
their good hope to light upon a fourth gentleman (named Mn
John Berkley), who, in the judgment of those that knew him
well, was held to be very sufficient that w.iy, who did now offer
himself to go upon the said service and carry over with him
twenty principal workmen, all experienced in those kind of
works; whereupon the court thought fit that the committees
hereafter named, or any five of them, should treat and conclude
with the said Mr. Berkley, and likewise with his son, being de-
sirous to go over with his said father, touching their demands for
performance of the said service.

"Mr. Norwood'* being recommended by Captain Tucker for
his sufficiency in surveying of lands and one desirous to go over
to Virginia, upon that was now chosen for that place, and referred
to the former committee to treat with him concerning some allow-
ances to be given unto him.

** My Lord of Southampton signified that it was his suit unto
the Company that Mr. John Ferrar, of whose fidelity and suf-

'• A Charles Norwood was clerk of the Virginia Assembly in 1655.
Major Henry Norwood was Treasurer of the colony in 1661.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 128

ficiency they had already so good experience, might still con*
tinue his place of Deputy, which, with a general consent, was
very willingly condescended unto and chosen by ballotting-box.

" My Lord moved, on the behalf of Captain Matthew Somers,
that forasmuch as he undertakes to transport one hundred per*
sons into Virginia to plant upon a particular plantation, that
therefore he might have a patent to enable him thereunto, which
the court accordingly granted.

*' Captain John Smith, in his petition, showeth that for so much
as he hath not only adventured money for the good of the plan*
tation and twice built James Town and four other particular
plantations, as he allegeth, but for that he discovered the country
and relieved the colony willingly three years with what he gained
from the salvages with great peril and hazard of his life ; that,
therefore, in consideration thereof the Company would please to
reward him either out of the treasury here, or out of the profits
of the generality in Virginia ; touching which request the court
hath referred him to the committees appointed for rewarding of
men upon merits.

" May 23d, 1621. Mr. Deputy signified that Mr. John Berkley
and Maurice, his son, being formerly- treated with the 5th of this
present month by a committee, and afterwards at the next court,
held the 12th of the same, they having declared willing to go
upon the same conditions that Mr. Blewit formerly had done
(except in some few particulars), and undertook to procure
twenty persons well experienced in making iron to be employed
in the Company's service in Virginia for seven years, together
with themselves. In consideration hereof the said court was
pleased to give him ;^30 towards the charge o( furnishing him*
self and his said son with apparel and other necessaries, with free
transport of three of his own servants, and ;^20 more to defray
the charge of conducting the said twenty persons to the Isle of
Wight by the first of July next, which said twenty persons and
his said three servants are likewise to be transported, furnished
and victualled as other tenants, for one whole year at the Com*
pany's charge, which allowance this court thougt^ very reason-
able, and being now put to the question, did ratify and confirm
the same ; and further gave order to Mr. Deputy for the more
speedy dispatch of the said Mr. Berkley, and that he might have
a sufiicient time to gather his people together to be ready at the

124 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

day prefixt^ to draw the articles of agreement according there-
unto with such necessary additions as she should think fit, and
after to apply the Company's seal unto the same.

*'Ina preparative court June the nth, 1621. Touching to-
bacco, which hath been always so generally affected by the plan-
ters in Virginia, Sir Edwin Sandys signified how extremely
displeasing it was to the King and scandalous unto the plantation
and unto the whole Company, that notwithstanding it hath been
prosecuted these many years by many wise and worthy persons,
and wasted in that time a mass of money, yet hath it not pro-
duced any other effects than that smoky weed of tobacco, and
therefore the Council, as heretofore it may appear by all their
former instructions and letters, so now again had taken it into
their consideration how they might restrain the general planting
thereof, or at least bring it down to a far less proportion and
quantity than now is made.

" He further declared that the chiefest cause that all other com-
modities were neglected, was found to be the long maintaining
of the high price of tobacco at 3s. the pound, which had already
destroyed a magazine of at least ;^ 1,000 charged unto certain
adventurers for apparel and other necessary provisions whereof
the colony stood in need, which they repaid again in nothing but
tobacco, forcing it at that price upon the cape merchant, whereof
a good part of it was scarce sold, and now again they have re-
paid the whole Company in the like manner at the same price for
all the charge they have been at in sending them apprentices,
servants and wives, which cost the Company here near ;^2,ooo.

" Mr. Deputy signified that whereas the Duty was now returned
from Virginia and attended in the Downs for h^r directions
whither to go, the Council and committees having met about it,
having given order to Dameron, master of the ship, to send her
to Flushing, and also agreed with Mr. Arthur Swain, a merchant
of London, commended for his fidelity and sufficiency to be their
factor there for putting of their tobacco to their most profit,
allowing him two in the £ for his pains, with which he was con-
tented ; and to this end gave him a commission, under the Com-
pany's seal, and certain instructions which the Council thought
necessary for his direction in that business, whereof he doubted
not but they should have a good account of his doings.

*' He likewise signified that l^e had received intelligence of a

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON.

125

ship lately arrived in Ireland that came from Virginia, but what
ship it could be he knew not, but hoped it was the Tryall, which
was yet behind.

"At a great and general court held for Virginia the 13th of
June, 1621, there were present —

Earl Huntington,
Earl Southampton,
Earl of Warwick,
Sir Dudley Diggs,
Sir Edwin Sandys,
Sir Philip Cary,
Sir Nathaniel Rich,
Mr. Gibbs,
Mr. Wrote,
Mr. Oxenbrige,
Mr. Nicholas Ferrar,
Mr. Bidolph,
Mr. Nevel,
Mr. Roberts,
Mr. Widdowes,
Mr. Robert Smith,
Mr. Earle,
Mr. Sandys,
Mr. Deputy,
Mr. Foxton,
Mr. Swinhoe,
Mr. Langton,
Mr. Pennistone,
Mr. Bynge,
Mr. Berblock,
Mr. Wiffe,
Mr. Mellinge,
Mr. Ayres,
Mr. More,
Mr. Hart,
Mr. Taylor,
Mr. Symond,
Mr. Woodall,
Mr. Bagwell,
Mr. Keightley,

Lord Cavendish,
Lord Paget,
Sir Nicholas Tufton,
Sir Francis Wyat,
Sir William Newce,
Sir Edward Lawley,
Mr. Hyde,
Mr. Martin,
Mr. Combes,
Mr. Wroth,
Dr. Gulstone,
Mr. Frank,
Mr. John Smith,
Mr. Scott,
Mr. Bland,
Mr. Casewell,
Mr. George Smith,
Mr. Cole.
Mr. Kinstone,
Mr. Morewood,
Mr. Brown,
Mr. Dawes,
Mr. Barbor,
Mr. Dowe,
Mr. Riseley,
Mr. Wale,
Mr. Edwards,
Mr. Alleynes,
Mr. Somers,
Mr. Lawne,
Mr. Challoner,
Captain Hamor,
Mr. Ewins,
Captain Maddison,
Mr. Tomlyns,

126 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Swaine, Mr. Lawne,

Mr. Askur. Mh Jadwin,

Mr. Damelly, Mr. Kelley.

Captain Bargrave, Mr. Russel,

Mr. Lewis, Mr. Bromfield,

Captain Goldingham, Mr. Porter,

Mr. Newport, Captain Tucker.

Mr. Thomas Gibbs.
'*Upon reading of the acts of the former quarter-court, held
the 2d day of May last. Sir Edwin Sandys, taking knowledge of
twenty shares of land bestowed upon him by the Company, did
now declare his thankful acceptation of the same, professing that
altho' he had already land in Virginia by adventures of money
paid into the treasury more than he could as yet well plant, yet
did he with a grateful acknowledgement of their bounty accept
this testimony of their love and favour towards him.

" It was informed that forasmuch as Sir George Yeardley com-
plained of the small number of the council of state in Virginia
remaining alive, and of their seldom meeting by reason they
dwell so dispersedly asunder and had no manner of allowance for
attendance in that kind, it was the cause he wanted such neces-
sary attendance as was fit and requisite. It was therefore taken
into consideration how this defect of counsellors might be sup-
plied and their meetings thereafter made more frequent, and it
was offered to the judgment of this court whether it was not more
expedient that the said council should be appointed to assemble
four times a year and to hold quarterly sessions for one whole
week together to assist the Governor, from time to time, as well
in matter of council as of state and in all causes of importance,
as also for redress of general and particular grievances. The
court conceiving this to tend much to the advancement of justice
in genera], did therefore order that the said sessions should here-
after be duly observed and kept, and that direction should be
given in the Governor's instructions for establishing of the same.
'* It was likewise signified that care had been taken to make
some addition to the council of state in Virginia of men of worth
and quality, namely, Sir William Newce, Knight Marshal of Vir
ginia and Mr. George Sandys, Treasurer of the same, and having
formerly chosen Sir Francis Wyat to be the successive Governor
immediately upon the expiration of Sir George Yeardley's com-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 127

mission, there remained now but one officer more of the council
to be continued or changed, namely, Mr. Secretary Porey, whose
commission, being but for three years, ended in November next.

**.Mr. Deputy therefore moved to know their pleasure, whether
they would have Mr. Porey' s commission renewed or the place
to be supplied by another, whereupon the Coqipany, desiring to
make a change, there were four gentlemen proposed for the said
place, namely, Mr. Smith, Mr. Paramore, Mr. Davison, and Mr.
Waterhouse, being all of them recommended by worthy persons
for their honesty, sufficiency and experience in secretary affairs,
but because no more than three would stand for the election, it
was put to the question which three they would have nominated
for that purpose, whereupon Mr. Smith was dismissed and the
other three appointed to stand for the election, who being all
three put to the ballotting-box, choice was made of Mr. Davison ^^
by having the major part of balls, who, being called in to take
notice that the Secretary's place was fallen upon him, did declare
his thankful acknowledgement unto the Company of their favour
towards him, promising to perform his best to answer their expec-
tation of him.

" It was also agreed, upon request made, that he should be ad-
mitted a free brother of this Company, and be of the council of
state in Virginia.

** It was further signified that the Council had taken into their^
consideration matter of future support of the plantation to sup^
ply the defects of the Company's stock, if they could by pro-
curing poor people to be sent hereafter to Virginia, at the com-
mon charge of the parishes where they live, which ofTer being
made to the lower house of Parliament at the last sessions, upon
occasion of great complaint of the multitude of poor people
swarming in every city, town and parish, it was accepted of that
house with a very great and grateful applause. Whereupon the
court agreed a bill should be drawn to that effect against the
next session of Parliament, and entreated Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir
Edwin Sandys, and Sir John Dauers, to take some pains in the
drawing of the said bill.

"Christopher Davison. He is supposed to have been the son of Sir
Wm. Davison, Secretary of Queen Elizabeth. In the census of 1625,
Alice Davison, a widow, is registered at Jamestown. She was probably
his wife. — NeilPs Virginia VetustUy page 127.

iA/

128 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

A motion was made for so much, that the companies of Lon-
don, and other cities and towns of this kingdom, had adventured
good sums of money towards the plantation in Virginia, some
course to be thought upon to excite them to make some profit of
the lands due unto them, they having already done the like in
Ireland with very good success. This motion was well approved,
and the court entreated the committee, hei^eafter named, to make
some declaration to the several companies, cities and towns, what
portion of land was due unto them in respect of their moneys
adventured, as also what the charge will be to plant the same
with people ; and lastly, what returns of good commodities they
may make in a short time, being duly prosecuted. The names
of the said committees are these, vizt :

Sir Edwin Sandys, Sir John Dauers,

Mr. Deputy, Mr. John Smith,

Mr. Cranmer, Mr. Berblock,

Mr. Bernard, Mr. Casewell,

or any four of them are desired to meet upon Friday following to
advise about the same.

'' Intelligence being given, that a gentleman refusing to be
named had written a treatise for tlie good of the plantation, which
consisted of these five general heads, namely: sustenance, health,
defence, commerce, and censure, in handling of whicb^ be had,
with great judgment, observed the causes of the defects in every
of them in the colony, and proposed several ways how to remedy
the same. The court gave order that the Company's thanks
should be given unto the said gentleman, with earnest request
that he would proceed to the finishing thereof, and that after it
had been perused by a select committee, it should be put in
print, to peruse which book, the court entreated these, vizt:

Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir John Dauers,

Sir Edwin Sandys, Sir Francis Wyatt,

Mr. John Smith, Mr. Gibbs,

Mr. George Sandys, Mr. Wrote,

Mr. Secretary Davison, or any four of them.

" Mr. Deputy moved, that in respect some doubt was made
that the seed miscarried which was sent in Doctor Bohune's
ship, a pinnace might be provided against September next to

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 129

carry some more seed, which seed was already spoken for, and
promised to be there against that time, which pinnace should
also carry in her some barley and garden seeds, and some fruit
trees of two years* grafting. The court agreed that a pinnace
should be hired, and referred the bargain to be made for the said
ship and all other things thereunto appertaining unto the general
committees.

" Mrs. Catharine Binion shewed in her petition, that whereas,
one John Martin, late of London, EsqV, was bound to the peti-
tioner's father, Mr. Thomas Binion, lately deceased, for payment
of ;^205, at certain days; she therefore moved that in respect
the said Captain Martin had paid no part of the said debt, and
by reason of his residing in Virginia she knew not how to come
by the same, that the Company would please to take some course
to cause him to give her satisfaction, which request being taken
into consideration, it was conceived the grant of her desire might
prove an ill precedent, and would dishearten many to see a
course taken there to force such men to pay their debts that
had fled thither with hazard of their lives for relief and safe-
guard in regard of their disabilities to discharge the same; and
on the other side being unwilling to make Virginia a sanctuary
for bad debtors, that had wherewithal to discharge the same,
and yet out of obstinacy and ill conscience would take no course.
That in such cases, direction should be given (upon complaint)
to the Governor of Virginia, to cause the party indebted to satisfy
the same out of the profits of his labours, with caution, never-
theless, that there be always left unto such debtor, some compe-
tent means of subsistance ; but if they shall be found sufficiently
able, and still deny satisfaction out of a perverse wilfulness, that
with such ill minds strict order be taken for present payment as
the equity of the debt shall require ; and because a question was
moved whether the Company had power by their patent to re-
mand any back from Virginia, to give satisfaction there, if need
did require, it was thought fit that Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Earle
did consider of this point, and examine the authority of the
Company touching the same.

'' Whereas the plantation in Virginia, founded by his Majesty's
royal power and prosecuted by the adventurers and planters with
the charge of about one hundred thousand pounds out of their
own private estates without any profit as yet, hath in these latter

130 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

years been chiefly supported by his Majesty's most gracious
grant of the use of lotteries, which are now suspended, the Com-
pany for Virginia, in this great and general quarter-court, have
ordered that the auditors of the same Company make up a true
and perfect account of all the said lotteries, to be presented in all
humble duty and thankfulness to his Majesty ; in which account
is to be set down as well the several sums received as also the
uses whereupon they have been expended for the advancement
of the plantation ; and for the better effecting thereof, it was
ordered likewise that the several treasurers of the said Company
should fourthwith transmit unto the auditors so much of the said
accompts respectively as belongeth to the several times of their
offices.

** The appointed committee having treated with Captain Wil-
liam Norton, did now report that, finding him resolved to plant
himself in Virginia with his family at his own charges, being
about the number of ten persons, and to make offer to carry
over with him four .Italians and two servants of his own, whom
he had persuaded to go with their wives and children, on qondi-
tion that they may be furnished in good manner at the Com-
pany's charge, which six persons shall within three months after
their arrival in Virginia set up a glass furnace ^^ and make all
manner of glass, and to content themselves with the one-half,
and the other half of their labours to be the Company's, whereof
they desire a patent of privileges for seven years, that they and
no other in that place may set up the said works : in considera-
tion thereof, and in, regard of the benefit that is like to come to
the general Company, the committee certified they were of
opinion the Company might grant him such a patent without
making precedents for monopolies ; and forasmuch as Captain
Norton himself undertakes the oversight and government of this
work, and promiseth to instruct and train up apprentices or any

^^ Norton died in 1623, and Sandys, colonial treasurer, wrote that the
Italians were disorderly, and " Vincenzio had cracked the furnace with
an iron crowbar." The glass factory was not successful, and the ground
upon which it stood was sold by Governor Harvey to Anthony Cole-
man, and by successive assignments became, ist June, 1654, the property
of Major Francis Moryson — twenty-four acres near Jamestown, upon
which stood the old ''Glasse House"— NeilTs Virginia Carolorum,
p. 284.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON* 181

Other person that the Company shall appoint to be taught therein,
the said committees have thought fit to allow him a fifth part of
the Company's moiety, and besides, he being desirous of a quan-
tity of land, forsomuch as they found him so free and generous
in his propositions, they have proposed four hundred acres of
Old Adventure to be bestowed upon him for his inheritance;
which several propositions the court taking into their considera-
tion, did agree— first, that the said persons should be furnished
in the best manner at the Company's charge, and shall have the
patent they desire for seven years : provided, that in lieu of their
moiety of beads, which is a matter of trade with the Indians
properly belonging to the Company, they take a valuable con-
sideration either out of the Company's moiety of glass, or in
corn or other like commodities, as the Governor and Council of
Virginia shall think meet; and for Captain Norton's own allow-
ance the court have confirmed unto him the fifth part of their
moiety and the proportion of land he desires, and shall have two
men more for cutting wood for the said works, whereof he is to
furnish out one at his own charge.

**The committee, appointed by the preparative court to treat
with Mr. Cleyborn" (commended and proposed for the sur-
veyor's place), having met the next day and taking into their
considerations the allowances that a former committee had
thought fit to state that office, withal in respect of the service he
was to perform, as well in general as in particular surveys, did
agree for his salary to allow him thirty pounds per annum, to
be paid in two hundred weight of tobacco, or any other valuable
commodity growing in that country, and that he shall have a
convenient house provided at the Company's charge, and twenty
pounds in hand to furnish him with instruments and books for
his ofHce, which he is to leave to his successor.

* * It was signified unto the court that an apothecary offered to
transport himself and his wife at his own charge to Virginia if
the Company would please to give them their transport of two

"William Claiborne, subsequently secretary of state of the colony,
designated as " the rebel*' in history, died about 1673 ; son of Edmund
and Grace (Bellingham) Claiborne, and third in descent from Richard
Clyborne, or Clayborne, of county Westmoreland, and his wife, Emma,
daughter and co-heiress of George Kirkbred of county Northumber-
land, England.

132 • ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

children, the one being under the age of eight, and the other
being a youth of good yeafs, which offer the court did very well
like of in respect of the great want of men of his profession, and,
being put to the question, did agree thereunto, provided that the
said apothecary, at his coming over, did exercise his skill and
practise in that profession, which it should be lawful and free for
him to do, and to that end should be recommended to the Gover-
nor.

" It being referred to this court to direct some course for the
disposal of two Indian maids, having been a long time very
chargeable to the Company, it was now ordered that they shall
be furnished and sent to the Somer Islands, whither they were
willing to go with one servant apiece towards their preferment in
marriage with such as shall accept of them with that means, with
special direction to the Governor and Council there for the care-
ful bestowing of them.

*' Intelligence being given of two ministers that offered them-
selves to go to Virginia, the court referred them to be treated
and concluded with by the committees.

'* And forasmuch as Sir Francis Wyat desired he might make
choice of one that was willing to go with him, the court assented
thereunto.

"July 2, 1621. Mr. Deputy signified of a letter he had re-
ceived from Mr. Gookin," of Ireland, who desired that a clause
in the contract between him and the Company touching cattle,
which he had undertaken to transport to Virginia after the rate
of ;^ii the heifer and the goats at jQ^ los. apiece, for which he

^ Daniel Gookin, a native of Kent, England, had been living at or
near Cork, Ireland. He arrived in Virginia 22d November, 1621, and
settled at Newport News. He became one of the most prominent men
in the colony. His son, Daniel, in 1642, then about thirty years of age,
was President of the County Court of Upper Norfolk, and was a mem-
ber of the Puritan church there established. In 1644 he went to Massa-
chusetts, and became the friend of Eliot, and Superintendent of Indian
Affairs. He died in March, 1687, and his tombstone still remains at
Cambridge. Chief Justice Small, who visited him whilst he was dying,
gave tribute in his journal that he was *'a right good man." His
descendants are numerous, and one of them, the accomplished histori-
cal writer, the late J. Wingate Thornton, published a sketch of his life.
Neiirs Virginia Company y page 196. Rev. Roger Wingate was a mem-
ber of the Council in Virginia 1629-30.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 133

might take any commodities in Virginia at such prices as the
Company here had set down, he desired that those words might
be more clearly explained ; and to this effect Mr. Deputy signi-
fied that they had drawn a letter in the name of the Council and
Company unto Mr. Gookin, declaring that their intent and mean-
ing was that it should be lawful and free for him and his factors
to trade, barter and sell all such commodities he shall carry
thither at such rates and prices as he shall think good ; and for
his cattle shall receive either of the Governor or other private
persons any of the commodities there growing at such prices as
he can agree ; and lastly, that according to Mr. Gookin's request
in his letter they had promised that he should have a patent for
a particular plantation as large as that granted to Sir William
Newc*, and should also have liberty to take one hundred hogs
out of the forest, upon condition that he repay the said number
again unto the Company within the term of seven years, pro-
vided that he use them for breed and increase, not for present
slaughter.

"And further to this effect, they had also drawn a letter to the
Governor and council of state in Virginia, both which being now
presented and read, the court did very well approve of and gave
order that the seal of the Council should be affixed to that ad-
dressed to Mr. Gookin, and that some of the Council should sign
that to the council of state in Virginia.

"July loth, 1621. Mr. Deputy signified that the occasion of
warning the court this present day was to acquaint them of the
arrival of Bona Nova, riding at anchor near the Isle of Wight,
by which ship having received divers letters and one general
letter from the Council of Virginia directed to the Company
here, he thought fit to impart unto them at this meeting, and
thereupon prayed they would attend the hearing of them, which
being read, the particular relations gave the Company very great
content to hear that some staple commodities as vines began to
be planted according to the Company's former directions, and
that they prospered with so good success, as also to hear of a
confirmation of a peace and of a league with the Indian King,
whereby not only a great trade and commerce with them here-
after for corn and other commodities is like to ensue, and good
means also for converting them to Christianity and to draw them
to live among our people, but fit occasions likewise seems now

134 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

to be offered of further discoveries up into the country, both for
the finding out of the south seas and certain mines mentioned in
the said letters, yet will undoubtedly conduce to the great honour
and enlargement of the general plantation in a short time. There
was also read unto the Company a relation of three several voy-
ages made this last summer ; one to the southward to Roanoke,
made by Mr. Marmaduke Rayner.^

** A second, by Ensign Savage,®' in the great bay, wherein is
a relation of a great trade of furs by Frenchmen ; a third, Mr.
Dimmer's discoveries from Cape Charles to Cape Cod, up Dela-
ware river and Hudson's river, being but twenty or thirty leagues
from our plantation, and within our limits, within which rivers
were found divers ships of Amsterdam and Home, who yearly
had there a great and rich trade for furs, which have moved the
Governor and council of state in Virginia earnestly to solicit and
invite the Company to undertake so certain and gainful a voyage,
and Mr. Chamberlyn likewise informed the Company of the great
trade the Frenchmen had in those parts of Virginia to their in-
finite gain, which might, with far less charge and greater ease,
be undertaken by the Company.

** This being done, Mr. Deputy further signified that the Bona
Nova, now returned from Virginia, staid only for directions from
hence to what port she shall repair, she being laden with some
40 or 50,000 weight of tobacco (as he heard), for the general in-
voice he had not as yet received, whereof, by* Mr, Pierce, the
cape-merchant's letters, there appeared to be about 16,000 weight
upon the account of the old magazine, and about 11,000 upon

®^ He became a noted sea captain. In the later records of North
Carolina this name of Marmaduke Rayner is found. — NeiWs Virginia
Company, page 175.

® Thomas Savage came to Virginia in the "John and Francis "in
January, 1608. He was given to Powhatan as a hostage for Namon-
tuck, a young Indian who Captain Newport took with him to England.
Eventually he settled in Accomac county, at a point still known as
Savage's Neck, and was considered a valuable interpreter. He died in
1627, and his only son, John, born 1624, was a justice of the peace, and
a member of the House of Burgesses. His widow, Hannah, who came
over in the **Sun Flower" in 1621, married, secondly, Daniel Cugley,
who came to Virginia, aged twenty-eight years, in the " London Mer-
chant" in 1620.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 186

the account of last year's magazine. Whereupon the court's
resolution was that there should be order given to the master to
depart instantly for the port of Middleborrow, in Zealand, and
that the goods should be delivered to Mr. Arthur Swain, who
was formerly sent over as the Company's factor, and that he
should take them up according to the invoices, and receive the
freight of 3d pr. pound due unto the Company and afterwards
deliver the general parcel to the owners or to whom the owners
here should consign them, and, in particular, the adventurers of
the old magazine concerning the disposing of theirs did order.

" That Mr. Swaine, upon receipt of the freight of 3d pr. pound,
should deliver the tobacco belonging unto him to Mr. John De
Clark, whom, by the persuasions and recommendations of Mr.
Alderman Johnson and Mr. Chamberlyn, they did choose to be
their factor.

" Upon the right honourable the Earl of Southampton's recom-
mendations of Mr. Bolton,"* minister, for his honesty and suffi-
ciency in learning, and to undertake the care and charge of the
ministry, the Company have been pleased to entertain him for
their minister in some vacant place in Virginia and have therefore
referred him to the committees to be treated and concluded with,
touching his allowance and seated where they shall think fit and
most convenient for him.

" A motion was made that Mr. John Pountice, as well in respect
of his own worth and sufficiency as also in reward of his pains
and endeavors in the Company's service, that some place of com-
mand might be bestowed upon him, and for so much as there
was so great use of a vice-admiral in Virginia to take care of the
Company's ships that came thither, and of other matters apper-
taining, it was therefore desired the said place might be conferred
upon him, which the court consented unto and ordered his com-
mission to be drawn up for the execution of the said place, pro-
visionally for one year, and after during the Company's pleasure,
recommending it to the next quarter-court for confirmation.

" Francis Bolton first served at Elizabeth City. In 1623 he was the
minister of the plantation on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay.
He succeeded Rev. Hawte Wyat at Jamestown. Thomas Warnett, a
merchant of that place, left him a legacy in his will, dated r3th Febru-
ary, 1629-30.

186 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

" For SO much that it appeared that Mr. Whitaker^ had obeyed
the Company's orders in building a guest-house for the enter-
tainment of sick persons and for the relief of such as came weak
from sea, and had also begun to plant vines, corn and such good
commodities and railed in one hundred acres of ground, it was
moved that the court would please to bestow some reward upon
him for his better encouragement in so good a course, whereupon
it was agreed and ordered that he should have two boys sent him
when the Company shall be able, and that the reward of tobacco
allowed him by the Governor of Virginia shall be confirmed unto
him.

*' Upon the humble petition of Mrs. Newport, widow, the court
ordered that Sir Francis Wyat, the elect Governor, and the rest
of the council of state in Virginia, should be entreated to set
out thirty-two shares of land in Virginia, heretofore bestowed
upon Captain Christopher Newport,* her late husband deceased,
in reward of his service, with an addition of three whole shares
for the persons of six men transported at her charge in the
Jonathan, Anno, 1619, in any place not already disposed of, which
is commended to the care of Captain Hamor, to see it done
according to Mrs. Newport's desire.

** At an extraordinary court, held the 12th of July, 1621, the

®* Jabez Whitaker, a member of the council in 1626, was probably the
brother of Alexander Whitaker, the devoted clergyman at Henrico who
was drowned in 1617. The second wife of William Whitacre, or Whit-
aker, the head of St. John's College, Cambridge, and father of Alexan-
der, soon after her husband's death gave birth to a son who was
christened ]abez.—Neiirs Virginia Carolorum, page 406. Edward
Whittaker was granted one hundred acres of land adjoining palisadoes
of Middle Plantation, James City, i8th February, 1638; Captain Wm.
Whitacre. ninety acres in James City 5th June, 1656, and Richard Whit-
taker grants in James City in 1666 and in Middlesex county in 1667. A
family of Whittaker in North Carolina claims to be of the family of
Rev. Alexander Whitaker.

* Newport, who had so well served the colony, was employed by the
East India Company to command the ship which carried Sir Robert
Shirley as Ambassador to Persia, and on 20th June, 1613, was at Sal-
banha. On i6th May, 1617, he was with the ship " Lion " at Salbanha,
ready to sail for Britain. In 1618 he was at Bantam, in command of the
** Hope." He died in the East Indies, and left a son named John. —
NeilVs Virginia Vetusta, pages 93, 94.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 187

court having made request unto Mr. Chamberlyn to procure
them some good quantity of silk-worm seed of St. Valentia, to
be held generally the very best, for that those worms would
prosper in any place, whereas the seeds of other parts would
only thrive in their native and proper climate, and nowhere else,
and therefore he promised, at their request, to solicit some of his
friends that he should do their best to procure (if they could)
some six pounds of seed from Valentia according to their de^
sires, for which the Company gave him very great thanks, and
prayed it might be done with as much expedition as may be.

** At a court held the i6th of July, 1621 : Whereas, at a court ^
held the 12th of this month, the bargain made with Captain Nor-
ton and the Italians for setting up a glass furnace in Virginia, for
making of glass and beads, wais taken into serious consideration,
and finding the charge of transporting and furnishing out the
said workmen with their servants, wives and children (being in
all eleven persons) with apparel, tools, victuals, and all other
necessaries, would come to a far greater sum than was at first
proposed when the agreement and contract with Captain Norton
was first made, whereby the Company's stock was noways able
to undergo the burden of this new charge, inasmuch as this
business, forwant of sufficient means, was likely to fall to nothing.

" It was therefore now moved; that seeing the Company were
not able to go through with it, it might be left free to private ad-
venturers to undertake the same upon like conditions, in point of
profit, as they should have done. Unto this motion (so just and
reasonable) the court did willingly, and by their said order did
discharge, quit and release the said Captain Norton of his former
contract with the Company, whereupon the said bargain being
anew entertained by certain adventurers now present, they did
now acquaint this court that it was not their intent thereby utterly
to exclude the Company from a business of this special conse-
quence unto them all (seeing the commodity of beads was like
to prove the very corn of that country), and therefore intending
to raise a joint stock of at least ;^400, the better to accomplish
so good a work, they have agreed among themselves that the
Company should come in for a' fourth part of the charge, and
therefore moved that for the better advancement of the said
work, and encouragement of the said adventurers therein, that
the court would please to grant him these propositions following:

188 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

** First, that the said adventurers might have a patent c^ the
said glass furnace for seven years for the sole making of glass
and beads.

*' Secondly, that they might have fifty acres of land for every
person they should transport upon this business, and that the
Company would give them their part of the land.

"They desire it may likewise be now promised, and at the
next quarter-court confirmed, that the sole making and trans-
porting of soade (being a material of special use in making of
glass) may be appropriated unto them for seven years.

" Lastly, they desire, for the better relief and comfort of their
people, that the guest-house which Mr. Whitacres hath built may
be appointed for entertainment of their people some two months
after their first landing, that they may be able to build their
houses, and this may be specially recommended to the care of the
Governor to see it done ; all which propositions, the court taking
into due consideration, conceived to be very reasonable, and
being put to the question did willingly condescend unto them,
and promised further that they should be recommended to the
next quarter-court for confirmation.

" Four several rolls were now read and offered to such as will
please to underwrite. The first being for a magazine of ap-
parel and other necessary provisions, such as the colony stood
in great need of. The second, for sending of one hundred maids
to be made wives. The third for the advancement of the glass
furnace as hath been already mentioned. The fourth was of the
setting out a voyage to trade with the Indians in Virginia for
furs, it being certainly informed by Mr. Chamberlyn and others
and now of late from the Governor and council of state in Vir-
ginia of the great trade of furs which the French and Dutch
have yearly in Lawan and Hudson's river some twenty or thirty
leagues in distance from the southern plantation, to their in-
credible gain and wealth. For better performance of which
voyage, a means would now be found to do it at less charge than
at other times.

" These said good undertakings were generally approved of
and moved many here present to underwrite in the said rolls.
And for the better furtherance and advancement of this action,
it was moved and thought fit that direction should be given to
the Governor to afford his best assistance therein.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 189

** For SO much as the physician's place to the Company was
now become void by reason of the untimely death of Doctor
Bohune, slain in the fight with two Spanish ships of war, the 29th
of March last, Doctor Gulstone did now take occasion to recom-
mend to the Company for the said place one Mr. Potts " a master
of arts and, as he afirmed, well practised in chirurgery and phy-
sic, and expert also in distilling of waters, and that he had many
other ingenious devices, so that he supposed his service would
be of great use to the colony in Virginia, but prayed that whereas
Doctor Bohune was tied by his contract to supply such of his
tenants as should die the first year at his own charge, that Mr.
Pots might be released of that covenant, being too strict and
overhard as he supposed, but it was answered it was not in the
power of any other but a quarter- court to reverse or alter the
same, but should always find the Company in all things very rea-
sonable to all well deserving men, and, therefore, if Mr. Potts
would accept of the place upon the same conditions as Doctor
Bohune did he should be entertained, and for his better encourage-
ment should be specially recommended to the governor to be well
accommodated, and should have a chest of physic of ;^20 charge
unto the Company and all things thereunto appertaining, together
with ;^io in books which should always belong to the Company,
which chest of physic and books Doctor Gulstone was desired to
buy, and seeing he intended to carry over with him his wife, a
man and a maid, they should have their transport free, and if
one or more chirurgeons could be got they should have their
passage freed ; which conditions, Mr. Pott having accepted of,

*Dr. John Pott, as President of the Council, upon the departure for
England 5th March, 1629, of Captain Francis West, succeeded him as
Governor. He was superseded by Sir John Harvey in March, 1630, and in
July following, by a strange mutation of fortune. Pott was tried for cattle-
stealing and was convicted. This was the first trial by jury in the
colony. He was also charged with pardoning Edward Wallis, of Ar-
cher's Hope, a wilful murderer. Harvey confined him at '* Harrope,"
his plantation of two hundred acres, seven miles from James City, now
Williamsburg, and confiscated his property. His wife proceeded to
England to appeal against the wrongs done her husband. The commis-
sioners who examined the case, reported that the condemning. of Dr.
Pott, upon superficial hearing, for felony was very rigorous. The king,
25th July, 1631, pardoned him, especially as he was "the only physician
in the colony."

140 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

was referred to the committees to be further treated and concluded
with.

" It was signified that Sir Thomas Wyat's brother, being a mas-
ter of arts and a good divine and very willing to go with him
this present voyage, might be entertained and placed as minister
over his people and have the same allowance towards the furnish-
ing of himself with necessaries as others have had, and that his
wife might have her transport freed, which motion was thought
very reasonable, and ordered by erection of hands that he should
be entertained and have the place he desired, and the like allow-
ance of money granted unto Mr. Bolton, lately entertained.

** It was moved that whereas there was heretofore sent fifty
boys in the Duty, which cost the Company ;^500, for which the
planters repaid them in sixty-six weight of tobacco at 3s. per
pound, rating it at ;^io a boy, which tobacco, being sold by the
Company, they could hardly reach to ;^5 the boy, that therefore
order might be taken to cause such of the planters as had the
said boys to make up a full allowance of the rest to the just rate
and valuation of ;^io the person, as it stood the Company in,
which motion was very well approved of, and ordered that a
present course should be taken to require the said proportion of
the planters, that the Company might not be losers in the dis-
bursement of their money to their use and benefit.

** Whereas credible information hath been given of the death
of Doctor Bohune, Mr. Auls worth and Mr. Tracey, chosen to be
of the council of state in Virginia, the court now thought fit and
requisite in supply of them to make addition of other gentlemen,
vizt., Mr. Pott, Mr. Leech, Mr. Paulett,*' minister, and Captain

" Robert Paulett, minister at Martin's Hundred. He was also a phy-
sician and surgeon. He did not accept the office of councillor. Captain
Thomas Paulett, Burgess for " Argal's Guifte " in 1619, was a councillor
in 1621. In 1623 he was granted 2,000 acres of land in Charles City
county, which included the noted seat " Westover." Dying in 1643, he
bequeathed it to his brother. Sir John Paulett, who sold it in 1666 to
Theodrick Bland for ;f 175 sterling, who bequeathed it to his eldest son,
Theodrick, who admitted into joint tenancy his brother, Richard. They
sold it in 1688 to Colonel William Byrd, the first of the name and family
in Virginia, for the consideration of ;^8oo sterling and 10,000 pounds of
tobacco and casks. A church (of which a graveyard with tombs in-
dicates the site), and the county buildings near the banks of James
river, remained at "Westover" until sometime in the i8th century.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 141

Roger Smith, to be as provisional counsellors till they may re-
ceive confirmation at the next quarter court, and their names be
inserted in the commissions.

"At a court held the 24th of July, 1621, the three commissions
formerly ordered to be granted to the Governor, Treasurer and
Secretary of State in Virginia, as also the instructions and one
other commission for the place of Vice* Admiral, granted to Mr.
John Pountice, being now presented to the court, were read and
approved, and order given to Mr. Deputy to affix the seal unto
every of them, and further ordered that duplicates of each of
them should be sent by the next ship,

"Mr. Deputy signified that having presented to the Earl of
Southampton the four rolls of parchment whereunto divers had
subscribed, testifying thereby their zeal and constant resolution
to advance the plantation (notwithstanding the many discourage-
ments they had received), as also acquainted his Lordship with
the five rolls proposed since for the sending of shipwrights and
other principal workmen for making ships, boats and other ves-
sels, whereof the colony had great need, growing now to be
populous, and having plenty of materials for shipping, so as they
only wanted artists to make use of the same, it pleased his Lord-
ship, in furtherance of so worthy projects, to subscribe for pay-
ment of no less than ;£200 for his Lordship's part ; which rolls
being presented likewise to Sir Edwin Sandys, it pleased him
also to subscribe for payment of the like sum.

**Dr. Gulston moved, in the behalf of Dr. Potts, chosen for
the physician's place upon his recommendation, that the court
would further please to bestow upon him, at his request, some
;£io for his necessary provisions for the present voyage, which
the court taking into consideration was pleased to allow him his
demands, the better to encourage him to perform the service he
had undertaken for the general good of the colony.

"At a court held the 15th of October, 1621, Mr. Deputy sig-
nified that the occasion of calling up this court was to acquaint
them that, according to a message received from the Lords of
the Council, some of the Virginia Company had appeared before

Sir John Paulett was the grandson of Sir Amias Powlett, of the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, and a zealous Royalist. He became Baron Paw-
lett, of Hinton, St. George, and died 20th March, 1649. He was the
ancestor of the Lords Powlett.

142 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

their Lordships the 12th of this present month, unto whom the
Lords declared that it was complained unto that board that this
Company had set up a trade at Amsterdam, and brought thither
all their commodities from Virginia. They, therefore, now re-
quired to know the XTompany's answer, whether or no they
would bring all their commodities into this kingdom or continue
their trade there at Amsterdam.

' * For Amsterdam answer was made that they never sent any
commodities thither, but for such tobacco as came from Virginia
this year they had carried it to Middlebrough, being restrained
by the King's proclamation and order from that table from
bringing any into this kingdom this year.

*'And touching their Lordships' proposition of bringing all
commodities hither, they humbly besought their Lordships tliey
might have some time to call a court, and they would return
their answer upon next Wednesday following, as their Lordships
commanded.

"Mr. Deputy, therefore, now desired this present court that
they would please to take this weighty business into their con*
sideration. Whereupon, after miich dispute and many reasons
given of the impossibility of being bound to bring in all their
commodities into England without falling into very great incon-
veniences, they did agree to have these reasons, together with
such other as the Council, having met, have thought upon, to
be drawn up into heads against the next Wednesday morning,
at which time they would have a court to peruse and perfect
them.

** October 17th, 162 1. Mr. Deputy presented to the court,
according to former directions, the answer which was to be given
to the Lords of the Council this afternoon, if the court did ap-
prove these of being framed upon those reasons which the former
court had set down, which were these that follow :

** The most humble answer of siich of the Virginia Company as
cou'd at present be assembled, to the Right Honourable the
Lords of the Council touching their Lordships^ proposition for
the importing of all goods from Virginia into England.

" May it please your Honpurs :

" They will take it as a ^lost singular favour that they may
enjoy their former liberty for bringing their commodities into

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 143

England and transporting them elsewhere ; but to be bound to
bring in all their commodities and to pay custom here for all
(^howsoever markets rule abroad), in that they most humbly de-
sire to be pardoned, and earnestly entreat they may not be
compelled for these subsequent reasons and divers other mighty
considerations :

'* I. It is liberty and freedom that his Majesty's subjects
throughout his dominions do generally practise and enjoy to be
free to carry their commodities to the best markets.

" 2. It is a greater restraint than the Muscovy or any other
ancient corporation hath, unto whose greatest privileges and im-
munities by his Majesty's gracious letters- patents they are enabled
and equalled.

**3. The same Company have granted divers sub-patents with
the same privileges as they themselves enjoy, whereby some of
the patentees have been induce to go over in person, being men
of noble and worthy families, to expend great sums of money in
the plantation and some others their whole estates, and it is not
in the Company's power now to revoke or restrain them without
a general disheartning of all present and future adventurers.

"4. Many commodities do now begiti and are like to arise in
Virginia that will not be rendible in England, as namely, fish»
cavearie, pipe staves, quantities of sassafras and sarsaparilla, and
the meaner sort of tobacco, which in other foreign ports will yield
something, but being brought hither will not yield nor discharge
the custom.

* * 5. They do not conceive that they have power to dispose of
the goods of private planters in Virginia, who are free, and have
merited, by their long and hard service, all manner of freedom
and encouragement.

** 6. Nor to forbid them to trade and barter their comniodities
freely with such ships as carry passengers, most of which after-
wards proceed on other voyages and return not directly for
England.

" 7. They have begun a trade from Ireland to Virginia, whereby
the colony is supplied with cattle and other necessaries from
thence, and have passed their contracts to repay them in tobacco,
which, if they shall be compelled to bring thither, the trade is
like to perish in the very beginning, to the exceeding prejudice
of the colony, whose wants we know not how to supply but by

144 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

these and the ]ike means, our stock being entirely exhausted by
these two last years' great and large supplies.

** 8. Lastly, it is not in our power to conclude this great busi-
ness, wherein above a thousand adventurers here in England and
almost four thousand inhabitants in Virginia have their interest.

" For the rest, they humbly beseech your Lordships to be-
lieve that they affect no foreign trades with any neighbour na-
tion more than in case of necessity and for the better sustaining
and advancement of the colony, but shall always endeavour such
a mutual trade between England and Virginia as shall stand with
the honour and benefit of both ; and so humbly desire your
Lordships to conceive of them, that God's glory they chiefly
aim at the good of this kingdom, the advancement of his Maj-
esty's honour, and speedy increase of his Highness's profit and
revenue.

**For which* ends they have, out of their own private states
(besides their labour and time), expended above one hundred
thousand pounds, without return of profit or of any part of the
principal itself to any one of the adventurers to their knowledge,
and yet doubt not, but by God's blessing, his Majesty's accus-
tomed gracious favour, and your Lordships' honourable further-
ance, in short time to bring this great work to a good perfection.

" This answer being read and truly debated, the court did -well
approve of, and thereupon desired some of the Company would
be pleased to accompany Mr. Deputy to present it to their Lord-
ships as the act of the Company.

** At a court held the 22d of October, 1621, Mr. Deputy sig-
nified unto this court that he had presented the Company's an-
swer unto the Lords of his Majesty's Privy Council, which being
given they were willing to depart, and upon being called in again
their Lordships seemed not satisfied therewith, but told them
that they did not intend they should give answer touching the
bringing in all their commodities, but only that of tobacco, where-
by the King's last year's revenue might be still upheld.

* ' And therefore required them on Wednesday next to return
their answer, whether they would bring in all their tooacco into
England or none at all, or otherwise to accommodate the business
with Mr. Jacob, with whom on Friday last some of the Company
having had conference, Mr. Jacob signified unto them that he
had no project to accommodate the business, but only by way of

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 146

advice and council persuaded them to bring in all their tobacco
as most for their good.

"Mr. Deputy, therefore, desired that this court would take
into their consideration what answer they would give unto their
Lordships against Wednesday next. Whereupon some reasons
were propounded and considered, which being well approved were
appointed to be drawn up against Wednesday following in the
morning, when it was desired the court would meet again to
consider them.

** October 24th, 1621. The answer of the Virginia Company
to the Right Honourable the Lords of his Majesty's Privy Coun-
cil touching their Lordships' propositions for the bringing in or
not bringing in of all their tobacco from Virginia into England,
being now presented to be read and taken into due consideration,
was well approved of, and ordered to be presented to the Lords
that afternoon in the name of the Company, and divers others
appointed to attend Mr. Deputy about die same.

" The most humble answer of the Virginia Company to the Right
and Honourable^ the Lords of his Majesty's most Honourable
Privy Council.

*' May it please your Lordships :

"They have, according to your Lordship's order, given Mr.
Jacob a meeting, but could not from him understand any possible
means of accommodation but such as would breed the utter ruin
and overthrow of the plantation, which, out of their bounden
duty to God and to his Majesty, they may not agree.

** For their parts they made offer to deliver him all their to-
bacco belonging to themselves here at home for goods sent here-
tofore, and this last year's, which they conceive may amount to
fifty thousand weight this year, if he wou'd give them good
security to make them but savers, which he refused to do, whereby
your Lordships may see how great their desire is to give your
Honors satisfaction, and humbly beseech to have free liberty to
bring into England or not to bring in their tobacco according as
they shall find it most advantageous and beneficial unto the plan-
tation. By which liberty they hope to effect those great matters
of honour and profit to his Majesty and his kingdom, which they
have promised from Virginia.

146 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

" But if this seem not convenient to your Lordships for profit
of his Majesty (which they most sincerely affect), rather than be
a hindrance of the improvement thereof, altho* to their own very
great prejudice, they will for this year restrain themselves and for-
bear to bring in any tobacco at all from Virginia this year ensuing.

"Mr. Deputy acquainted that one Mr. Copeland,** a minister
lately returned from the East Indies, out of an earnest desire to
give some furtherance unto the plantation in Virginia, had been
pleased, as well by his own good example as by pursuasion, to
stir up many that came with him in the ship called the Royal
James to contribute towards some good work to be begun in Vir-
ginia. Insomuch that he had procured already a matter of some
,£^0 to be employed that way, and had also writ from Cape Bona
Speranza to divers factors in the East Indes to move them to
some charitable contribution thereunto. That he hoped they
would see very shortly his letters would procure some good effect
among them, especially if he might understand in what mianner
they intended to employ the same. It was therefore ordered

* Rev. Patrick Copeland, or Copland, was a preacher of the East India
Company as early as 1613. Early in 1617 he sailed for India as chaplain
of the " Royal James," whose commander was Martin Pring, who had
explored the north Atlantic coast of America. While sailing in the
East India fleet, he became acquainted with Captain Newport and Sir
Thomas Dale, and through them became interested in the Virginia
colony. April 18, 1622, he preached before the Virginia Company in
London a sermon, "Virginia's God be Thanked, or A Sermon of
Thanksgiving for the Happie Success of the Affairs in Virginia this last
Year." He secured a subscription of £^0t 8s. 6d. towards the building
of a free school in Virginia, and in June, Leonard Hudson, a carpenter,
with his wife and five apprentices, sailed from England to erect the
school building at Charles City, Copland being elected rector of the
intended college at Henrico, but the news arriving of the Indian mas-
sacre, the project was suspended. Copland now went to the Bermudas,
arriving there in 1626. In June, 1642-3, with others, Copland left the
Church of England and formed an Independent Church, and delegates
were sent to Parliament to secure an act for toleration which, in 1645,
was granted. Governor Sayle, while in London, succeeded in forming
a company for the settling of one of the Bahama Islands, and obtained
from Parliament a patent allowing to the settlers entire liberty of con-
science. Copland, with seventy others, reached, in 1647, Eleuthera, the
isle, it is said, where the foot of Christopher Columbus first touched
the soil of the Western Hemisphere. It is supposed that Copland died
here before 1655.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 147

that a committee shou'd be appointed to treat with Mr. Capeland
about it, and forsomuch as he had so well deserved of the Com-
pany by his extraordinary care and pains in this business, it was
thought fit he should be admitted a free brother of this Company,
and at the next quarter-court it should be moved that some pro-
portion of land might be bestowed upon him in gratification of
his worthy endeavour to advance his intended work ; and further,
it was thought fit also to admk him to the number of some other
special benefactors unto the plantation whose memorial is pre-
served.

"October 31st, 1621, Mr. Deputy declared unto the court that
he and those gentlemen appointed by the last court had delivered
unto the Lords of the Council the Company's answer and
resolution to forbear to bring in any tobacco at all for this year
following, which, as their Lordships formerly intimated, they
conceaved would have given them full satis&ction, but their
Lordships termed it an undutiful answer, and commanded them
on their perils to bring in all their tobacco. Against which him-
self and the rest alledged all the reasons that were so often in
the court discussed, of impossibility, inconveniency, and the sup-
posed overthrow of the plantation. But their Lordships told
them that they were not to dispute at that board, and again gave
them an absolute demand to bring in all their tobacco. At this
report the court remained much grieved, and conceiving it a
matter of greater importance and difficulty than to admit of any
present deliberation, especially of so few, they were resolved
that the business should be reserved entire for the preparative
and quarter-courts to take into their grave consideration how the
Company should proceed between two such extream difficulties
as their Lordships' command and the utter disheartening of all,
both adventurers and planters.

"Notwithstanding these apprehended disasters, Mr. Deputy
exhorted the Company not to be discouraged, for that he hoped
God had still a hand in the protection of Virginia, who turned
all things for the best, when divers other projects, formerly in
their first appearance, seemed to tend to the very destruction of
the plantation, and therefore hoped that having put their hands
to the plough they would not now look back and be weary of
well doing, for the action itself was such as he knew no man,
but confessed it most Christian, honorable and glorious, and of

148 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

high consequence unto this Commonwealth, and though they
might seem to some to have cast their bread upon the waters,
yet after many days he doubted not but they should find it again
to their great comfort, the rather in regard their Lordships pro-
fessed to wish the prosperity of the plantation, from whom we
may not despair of help or redress upon farther information.
Mr. Deputy further declared that albeit the Company's stock
being well nigh exhausted, was able to do but little this present
year for sending of people to Virginia, yet it pleased God to stir
so many worthy minds for the advancement of this noble action,
as there was no less within the space of these six months than
twenty sail, with those that were already gone, and that would
after Christmas (by God's assistance) set out for the plantations,
whereby above one thousand persons will be transported, whereof
near nine hundred went upon private men's charges, and at home
so abroad, likewise even from Cape Bona Speranza, God had
raised up many benefactors towards this good work, insomuch
as the company of gentlemen and mariners that lately came home
from the Indies in the Royal James, had given the contribution
of £70 towards the building of a church or school in Virginia,
besides a probable hope of a further supply from divers factories
in the East Indies through the solicitation of a learned minister
(namely, Mr. Copeland), by whose good example and persuasion
they were moved to this pious work.

* ' He also signified that forasmuch as it was referred unto the
Company to determine whether the said money should be em-
ployed towards the building of a church or a school as aforesaid,
the committee appointed have had a conference with Mr. Cope-
land about it, and do hold it fit, for many important reasons, to
employ the said contribution towards the erection of a public
free school in Virginia, towards which an unknown person hath
likewise bestowed ;^3o, as may appear by the report of the said
committee ndw presented to be read.

**Mr. Deputy informed the Company of the great pains that
Mr. Bonnel, the Frenchman master of the King's silk-worms at
Oatland, had taken in penning a treatise in French concerning
the ordering of silk-worms and making of silk, which treatise,
for that it might be of special use unto the planters in Virginia,
he therefore moved this court would be pleased to recommend
it to some to translate it into English, and afterwards that it

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 149

might be perused, and being approved, it might be printed,
which the court assented unto, and prayed Mr. Deputy to see it
done, and that a good number of the said books might be sent
unto the colony in Virginia by the next ship that goes.

** Mr. Robert Slapter a minister commended much by Mr.
Abraham Chamberlyn, and by certificate from many divers resi-
dents in this city, reporting him to be of honest conversation
and a good scholar, being desirous to go to Virginia, did now
make request that the Company would ^please to entertain him
for their minister there.

" But the Company wanting means to furnish him out, did
move that some of the particular plantations might employ him.

"Whereupon Mr. Darnelly signified that bethought they of
the Martin's Hundred wanted a minister, to whom he was recom-
mended.

" November 14th, 1621. Mr. Deputy acquainted the Company
that at the end of the last Somer Islands' court, held the seventh of
this present month, there came a letter unto his hands from an
unknown person, directed unto him and the rest of the Council
and Company for Virginia, which letter, for that many of the
Virginia Company were there present, he caused to be opened
and read, the contents whereof are as foUoweth :

*' A letter dated the yth of November, 1621^ directed to Mr,
Deputy Ferrar, and to the rest of the Council and Company
of Virginia:

** You shall receive here inclosed, £\o, for a sermon to be
preached before the Virginia Company, this Michaelmas term,
and before the quarter-court day. The place I leave to the
Company's appointment, Also, I desire that Mr. Davenport^
may preach the first sermon if the Company approve thereof.
I will, if God permit, make a perpetuity in this kind. So be-
seeching your good acceptance of this small mite, as also that
you, Mr. Deputy, perform your promise in concealing my name,
I take my leave and rest a dayly orator for

Virginia.

"This letter being read, and the Company then present de-
* Rev. John Davenport.

160

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

manded on what day they would have this sermon preached, it
was then agreed to have it upon this day before the Virginia Com-
pany, and, after sermon, it was, upon motion, also agreed to sup
together, Mr. Gibbs being entreated to give notice hereof to Mr.
Davenport accordingly. Now, forasmuch as it further appeareth
by the said letter that the author of this gift hath promised upon
the Company's good acceptance hereof, to make a perpetuity
of this kind, Mr. Deputy moved, therefore, that this court would
please to recommend it to the next quarter*court to appoint on
what day hereafter this yearly exercise shall be performed, which
motion the court did well approve of, and accordingly referred
it to the judgment of the quarter-court to order it, and in the
meantime entreated Mr. Deputy, who knew the gentleman, to
signify the Company's especial thanks unto him.

•* At a quarter-court held the 21st of November, 1621, there
were present —

Sir John Dauers,
Mr. Gibbs,
Mr. Lent,
Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Whitley,
Mr. Wrote,
Mr. John Smith,
Captain Bargrave,
Mr. Ayres,
Mr. Swinhow,
Mr. Sheppard,
Mr. Challoner,
Mr. Bing,
Mr. Covel,
Mr. Baron,
Mr. Hacket,
Mr. Mansell,
Mr. Monwood,
Mr. Berblock,
Mr. Truelove,
Mr. Botton,
Mr. Rider,
Mr. Viner,

Mr. Deputy,
Mr. Bromfield,
Mr. Seaward,
Mr. Wiseman,
Mr. Caminge,
Dr. Anthony,
Mr. Palavicnie,
Captain Martin,
Mr. Copeland,
Mr. Baynham,
Mr. Nich. Ferrar,
Mr. Porter,
Mr. Bull.
Mr. Leur,
Mr. Mellinge,
Mr. Roberts,
Mr. Lawrence,
Mr. Sparrow,
Mr. Hanes,
Mr. Seaward,
Mr. Peake,

Mr. Phrise,

Mr. Widdows,

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 161

Mr. Ditchfield, Mn Heckford^

Mr. Lay, Mr. Waterhouse,

Mn Amport, with divers others.

" The adventurers, under the contract with Captain .Norton for
setting up of a glass furnace in Virginia to make glass and beads^
'moved that the Company would please to bestow amongst
them all the lands that should be due for transportation of people
sent thither to be employed upon the said work,' which motion
the court conceived to be very reasonable and fit to be granted
in. respect of the great charge they have and must still be at in
prosecution thereof; being, therdbre, put to the question, the
court confirmed the same unto them.

'' The committee appointed by the former court, having taken
into consideration what proportion of allowance they conceived
to be necessary for the present support and maintainance of a
Vice- Admiral in Virginia, whereof they conceived there was a
very great necessity, and that the want of such an officer hath
been no small loss and prejudice unto the Company's ships and
provisions and other public service, have thought fit, in resp)ect of
the quality of the place, to state the same with 300 acres of laild,
and the number of twelve tenants to be placed thereupon for the
planting and cultivating thereof, which allowances were thought
very reasonable, and thereupon being put to the question, were
ratified and confirmed.

**And forasmuch as Mr. John Pountis was especially recom-
mended for the said place of Vice-Admiral, in respect of his sul^
fficiency and continual regard of the public good, of the Com-
pany's directions, in <:onsideration whereof, he was, by a former
court, chosen to execute the said place by commission pro-
visionally for one year until it might be further confirmed unto
him by order of a quarter-court ; it is therefore now agreed and
ordered that the said John Pountis shall continue in the place of
Vice-Admiral for three years, beginning from the date of these
presents.

" Whereas, there was a contribution of ;^7o freely given by

certain gentlemen and mariners of the East India Compaiiy that

came home in the Royal James, which they desired Height be

employed in the building either of an East India church or

' school in Virginia, at the choice of the Virginia Company ;

152 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

whereupon, it being referred to a committee and by them taken
into consideration, they did now certify that many important
reasons had moved them to agree in opinion that the said
moneys were fit to be employed in the building of a free school
in Virginia, which they likewise thought fit shou'd be called the
East India School in honor of the said benefactors. They also
signify'd that an unknown person, out of a zealous affection to
advance so pious a work, had given ;^30 more, both which sums
were now brought into the court and laid upon the table. It was
also further declared, in the report of the said committee, being
entered at large in the court held the last of October, that they
thought fit, for the maintenance of the said schoolmaster and
his usher to be placed in the said school, to allow no less than
one thousand acres of land and five persons, besides an overseer
of them, which they thought fit should be forthwith sent upon
this present charge, in condition of apprentices, to cultivate and
manure the said lands, which allowance of land and servants
being intended for this as for a collegiate school, the court con-
ceived to be very reasonable, and thereupon, being put to the
question, were accordingly confirmed.

" Forasmuch as it was also informed that Mr. Copeland was a
good means, by his own exemple, to move the said Company to
give that contribution of ;^70, being preacher in the said ship,
and had further also writ to divers factories in the East Indies to
stirr them up to the like charitable contribution towards this
pious work, it was therefore thought fit and ordered that the said
Mr. Copeland, by way of gratification, should have three shares
Old Adventure bestowed upon him as a free gift, and should also
be admitted a free brother of the Company.

" Mr. Deputy gave notice of nine patents now presented in
court to pass the seal*" of the Company, having been particularly

** In the original patent of loth April, 1606, to Sir Thomas Gates and
others, for the colonization of Virginia, " two several colonies and com-
panies" were provided for, each to have a council of thirteen persons,
to be guided by the King's instructions, and each to have a seal with
the King's arms engraved on one side " and his portraiture on the
other " ; on one side of the seal of the first colony were to be the words

SiGILLUM REGIS MAGN^E BRITANIiE, FRANCIiE AND HlBBRNIiE; OU

the other side Pro Concilio PRiMiE CoLONiiE Virginije. The seal
of the second was the same as the first except the change in the legend

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 153

examined by the morning court, which did approve thereof,
which patents were of two sorts— the one of such as were adven-
turers by moneys paid into the treasury, for which they had
allowed one hundred acres of land for every single share of
twelve pounds ten shillings ; the other being for planters only
who had allowed fifty acres for every person transported to Vir-
ginia. According to which, two forms were drawn and accord-
ingly engrossed ready for the seal, being these that follow :

on one side to Pro Concilio Secundje Colonije Virginia. There
was also provision made for a Council, resident in England, known
as the King's Council of VirginiUy which should have the managing
and direction of the settlement within the limit of the thirty-fourth and
forty-fifth degrees of north latitude. This Council was to have a seal
like the others, but with the legend on one side Pro Concilio suo
ViRGiNiiE. (NeilPs Virginia Vehisia, pages 4, 5— a cut of the last
described seal appearing on page 5. The cut is also given in Narrative
and Critical History of America^ vol. iv, page 140. Chapter v, " Vir-
ginia, 1606-1689," by R. A. Brock.) An example of this seal, with the
same dimensions and devices, but with the differing legend on the re-
verse of CoLONiA ViRGiNiiE — CoNSiLio — Prima is in the collections
of the Virginia Historical Society. It is of red wax, between the leaves
of a foolscap sheet of paper, and is affixed to a patent for land issued by
Sir John Harvey, Governor, dated 4th March, 1638. Another seal was
adopted by the Virginia Company 15th November, 1619. An escutcheon
quartered with the arms of England, France, Scotland and Ireland, with
crest of bust of a maiden queen with flowing hair and eastern crown, and
supporters of two men in armor, beavers open, helmets ornamented
with three ostrich feathers, each holding a lance. Motto: En dat
Virginia quintum. A cut of this seal is given in NeilPs Virginia
Vetusta, page 135. It also appears on the frontispiece to Beverley's
History of Virginia^ and on the title page of every legislative publica-
tion of the colony to the era of the Revolution. It was doubtless the
continued insignia of authority by the Assembly of the Council under
the Virginia Company, and distinct from the Royal seals used after the
dissolution of the Company. Dr. William P. Palmer, in his Introduc-
tion to the Calendar of State Papers of Virginia (Volume I, page xxvi,)
states that the small number of documents preserved in the archives of
the State *' bearing impressions of the Royal, Colonial and other offi-
cial seals, * * * is limited to the short period included between the
time of James II and the latter part of Queen Anne*s reign," and that
"the earliest of these, dated 1686, September ist, is a writ of election
for certain members of the House of Burgesses, issued at ' Rosegill '
[the seat of the Wormeley family, whom he was then doubtless visit-
ing] by the Governor, Lord Howard, Baron Effingham. * * * The
impression of the colonial seal on this document (as with all others

154 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

'* To Arthur Swain, Nathaniel Basse, adventurers, and to their
associates, who undertake to transport loo persons to Virginia.

"To Rowland Truelove and divers other patentees, adven-;
turers, and to their associates, who undertake to transport loo
persons.

'*To John Crowe, of Newton, in the county of Washford, in
Ireland, Esquire, an adventurer, who undertakes to transport loo
persons.

herein) [the CaUndar] is upon wafer. It displays a shield in the centre
field, quartering the arms of England and France first and fourth, with
those of Scotland and Ireland second and third, enclosed by the Order
of the Garter and its appropriate motto. In the exergue appear the
words : * En dat Virginia quintum, * the whole surmounted by the
crown proper, and flanked right and left respectively by the characters
' C ' AND * R.' " This was evidently a continuation of the use of thie
seal of the preceding reign of Charles II, of which the editor has seen
examples, under the government of Sir William Berkeley. In the
Richmond Dispaich of 15th October, 1882, appeared a communica-
tion from the editor, including one to him from Charles Deane, LL.D.,
Cambridge, Mass , giving a proclamation from James II, dated 21st De-
cember, 1687, appointing a new seal for Virginia, as follows: •* En-
graven with our Royal Effigies sitting in our Royal Robes enthroned,
having on each side a Landskip, and upon the Canopy, which is sup-
ported by two Angels and a Cherubim overhead, this Motto : In [En]
DAT Virginia Quintum, with our Royal Title in the Circumference,
and on the other »de our Royal Coat of Arms, with the Garter, Crown,
Supporters, and Mottos, with this inscription in the Circumference :
SiGiLLUM DoMiNii NosTR. : ViRGiN : AMERICA." This sealr which was
brought from England, where he went on a visit, to Virginia by Col. Wm.
Byrd, the first of the family in Virginia, it appears was never used. The
first use of such a seal, broad and pendant, was in the reign of Queen
Anne, by proclamation dated 6th October, 1712, which veritable docu-
ment is published, with engraving of the accompanying original waxen
seal, in the American Historical Record^ B.J. Lossing, LL.D., Editor,
Vol.V., No. 4, April, 1872, pp. 160-162, and is thus described: " Engraved
on the one side with an effigy and an Indian on his knee presenting
tobacco to us. This inscription En dat Virginia Quartam, being
under the effigy, and around the circumference : Virginia * in *
America ♦ Sigillum * Provincije * * * On the other side
of the said seal is engraven our arms, garter, crown, supporters, and
motto, with this inscription around the circumference : Anne * Dei
* Gratia * Magn^e * BRiTTANNiiE * FRANCiiE * et * Hiber-
NiiE * Regina * FiDEi * Defensor, for use to affix the said
seal to all patents and grants of land, and to all public acts and instru-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 155

**To Edward Ryder and his associates, an adventurer under-
taking to transport loo persons.

" To Captain Simon Leeke, planter, who undertakes to trans-
port lOO persons.

"To Daniel Gookin, of Cork, in Ireland, planter, loo persons.

**To Edward Bennett, Richard Bennett, Robert Bennet,
Thomas Ayres, Thomas Wiseman and Rich'd Wiseman, plant-
ers, who undertake for 200 persons.

meats of government, which shall be made and passed in our name
within our said colony." On the 6th of March, 1706-07, the queen had
given her royal assent to an *' Act for an union of the two kingdoms
of England and Scotland, and thenceforth the motto read Quartam in-,
stead of Quintum. Previously from the reign of Elizabeth, if not
earlier, the royal style had been king or queen, or king and queen of
England, Scotland, France and Ireland (four realms) ; but afterward^ it
was queen or king of Great Britain, France^nd Ireland (three realms)
until the union of Great Britain and Ireland, after which, by royal pro-
clamation, dated 3d January, 1801. the style was altered to what it hasever
since remained, king or queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland — dropping France and all pretension to the crown thereof. It is a
quite common error, into which many writers have fallen, that Charles 11
gave the motto En dat Virginia Quintum in recognition of the loy-
alty of the colony during his exile, but the title was held as early as the
reign of Elizabeth, when Virginia was the soU dominion of the crown
of England on the Continent of America. In the inscription accompa-
nying an admirably-engraved portrait of the ''Virgin Queen," by
" Henricus Hondius— Hague Comit: Cum Privilegio Illust,: D. D,
Ord, Generalium, 1632^^ hanging in the hall of the Westmoreland Club-
house, Richmond, Virginia, in which the Virginia Historical Society
has its rooms, she is entitled " Sbrbnissima Ac Potbntissima Princbps

]SlISABBT D. G ANGLIiG, FrANCI^, HiBERNIiG BT VlRGINIiE Re-
GINA PiDBI CHRISTIANiE PrOPUGNATRIX AcERRIMA."

The use of the great or broad pendant seal appears to have been com-
mon to all the colonies from the time of Queen Anne, the editor possess-
ing examples of several of them, with like designs of obverse and reverse,
as have been described. They are of white wax, papered, and measure
about five inches in diameter and one-fourth of an inch in thickness,
The editor also possesses documents, local commissions issued during
the reigns of George II and George III, with small pendant seals of
white wax, crown-shaped, and without other insignia. Whether the
use of such seals was merely provisional, or in local contradistinction
to the use of the great or broad seal, representative of royal preroga-
tive, the editor is not in the possession of the data requisite to deter-
mine.

168 ABSTRACT OF PROCBSDINGS OF THE

" To Sir Charles North, of Wakringham, in the county of
Nottingham, for loo.

"To Mr. Lewinge, loo.

" So that the whole number undertaken by the adventurers
and planters to be transported to Virginia comes' in all to 1,200
persons.

''All which patents being put to the question were confirmed
and ordered to be sealed.

" Mr. Deputy likewise signified of four commissions appointed
for four masters of ships now bound for Virginia for transporta-
tion of people and goods, and after for a fishing voyage, which
commissions were now engrossing for the seal, the draughts
having been considered and approved of by the morning court,
viz. :

" The first commission to John Huddleston, master of the Bona
Nova, of about 200 tuns.

** To Thomas Smith, master of the Hopewell, of 60 tuns.

** To Daniel Gats, master of the Garland, of 40 tuns.

** To Captain Thomas Jones,** master of the Discovery, of 60
tuns.

" All which commissions the court authorized Mr. Deputy to
seal.

'•After other things were ordered, Mr. Deputy advertized the
company that he was to acquaint them with a weighty busines,
namely : the proceedings of some former court touching the
Lords of the Privy Council, their late proposition and command
for bringing in all their tobacco into England to pay the custom
here due, for that his Majesty's revenues (as it is alledged by their
Lordships) could not otherwise be upheld, concerning which,
that this court might the better understand the whole proceed of

*^ Jones did not arrive at Jamestown until the following: April. In
August, 1622, he anctiored at New Plymouth. On 15th December fol-
lowing, the Council of New England directed a letter to be written to the
Treasurer of the Virginia Company complaining of Captain Jones for
robbing the natives of New England of their furs and taking some
prisoners. In July, 1625, Jones again arrived at Jamestown with a
Spanish frigate, which he alleged was taken in the West Indies under a
commission of the States to one Captain Powell, from whom he had
separated to repair this ship. Shortly after his arrival he died, and the
Virginia authorities suspected that the Spanish vessel had been illegally
obtained.— iVW/Tj Virginia Company, page 306.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 157

this business, from the very beginning thereof to that point and
period it was brought unto and whereupon it now resteth, he
desired they would please to hear the same read in order as it
was presented, which business began the i6th of October last,
and so forward, as may appear by the several courts.

" Which being read, Mr. Deputy made two requests unto the
Company. The first was to know whether they did approve of
what he had done by the advice and directions of the said courts
concerning the former propositions ; the second was that they
would now please to deliver their opinions freely what course
they conceived best to take to release the Company of this strict
command and to restore themselves to their former liberty, and
the rather for that it was expected that this court especially
(whereunto it was referred) should do something herein, and not
omit to declare their resolution touching this present business.
Concerning the first, the court did generally assent thereunto, tes-
tif3ring their good approbation of their proceedings and of their
answers made unto the Lords of the Council, freely acknowledg-
ing that as the cash stood more could not have been performed ;
but for the other bequests, concerning the Company's express
resolutions touching the point in question, it was thought fit to
respite the same until some longer time, forsomuch as the Parlia-
ment might happily effect something that might ease the Com-
pany of that care and labour ; yet was it also held fit that a
choice and large committee should now be appointed to consult
about this business and prepare the same against there should be
a further cause given to move them to take some course for
remedy hereof ; whereupon these undernamed were nominated
and desired to meet upon the next Saturday following, at two of
the clock in the afternoon, at Mr. Ferrar's house, viz. :

Lord Cavendish, Lord Pagett,

Sir Edward Sackville, Sir Francis Egioke,

Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir John Dauers,

Sir Walter Earle, Sir Samuel Sandys,

Sir Philip Cary, Sir Lawrence Hyde,

Sir Robert Philips, Mr. Deputy,

Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Casewell,

Mr. Wrote, Mr. Ayres,

Mr. Nich. Hyde, Mr. Ab. Chamberlyn,

Mr. Brooks, Mr. Bland,

158 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Germin,

Mr. Bull,

Mr. Challoner,

Mr. Barbor,

Mr. Keightley,

Mr. Smith,

Mr. Robert Bateman,

Mr. Caminge,

Mr. Robert Smith,

Mr. Nich. Ferar.

Mr, Ditchfield,

" After this a motion was made, that forsomuch as many excel-
lent projects had been propounded at divers courts in this last
vacation, when many gentlemen were out of town, whereby they
could not take that notice of them that was fit. that, therefore,
they might now again be read and published in open court,
seeing they did not only tend to the great benefit of the adven-
turers that are interested therein, but also to the great honour
and advancement of the general plantation, as would more plainly
appear by the rolls themselves being read unto them. Where-
upon order was given for reading of them severally.

" The first being for setting up of a glass furnace in Virginia
for making of glass and beads for the use and benefit of the colony
withal, to which and certain Italians and others to the number of
sixteen persons are already sent, which work is hoped by this time
to be in a good forwardness set up, in advancement whereof divers
adventurers had underwritten ten pounds apiece, being the sum
proposed to be paid by each adventurer, which is to be employed
in a joint stock, so that that particular roll was already come to
the sum of ;^500.

" A second roll was a magazine for provisions of apparel and
other necessaries, whereof the colony stood in great need, and
did earnestly desire to be supplyed, which was now provided,
and the ships departed, which was good profit unto the several
adventurers, unto which roll there was already underwrit for a
joint stock ;£i,8oo.

"The third roll was for sending of maids to Virginia to be
made wives, which the planters there did very much desire, by
the want of whom have sprang the greatest hindrances of the
encrease of the plantation, in that most of them esteeming Vir-
ginia not as a place of habitation, but only of a short sojourning,
have applyed themselves and their labours wholly to the raising
of present profit, and utterly neglected, not only staple commodi-
ties, but even the very necessities of man's life, in regard whereof,
and to prevent so great an inconveniency hereafter, whereby the

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 159

planters' mind may be fast tyed to Virginia by the bonds of
wives and children, care has been taken to provide them young,
handsome and honestly educated maids, whereof sixty are al-
ready sent to Virginia, being such as were specially recom-
mended unto the Company for their good bringing up by
their parents or friends of good worth ; which maids are to he
disposed in marriage to the most honest and industrious planters,
who are to defray and satisfye, to the adventurers the charge of
their passages and provisions at such rates as they and the ad-
venturers' agents there shall agree; and in case any of them fail
through mortality it is ordered that a proportionate addition shall
be made upon the rest. In furtherance of which Christian action,
divers of the said adventurers had underwrit divers good sums
of money, none under ;^8, whereby the whole sum of that roll
did already amount to ;^8oo, as may appear by the subscriptions.

"The fourth roll was intended for a most certain and beneficial
trade of furrs to be had with the Indians in Virginia in the limits
of the southern colony, it being credibly informed, both by letter
from the Governor and council of state in Virginia, as also by
relation of others, of the great trade of furrs which is yearly made
by the French and Dutch ships in a very great proportion in
Delawarr and Hudson's rivers, being not above thirty or fifty
leagues distant from the plantation, and for that, there is at this
present so good an oportunity offered for the cheap and safe
managing of the said trade, it hath moved many of the former
adventurers to subscribe unto this roll, also wherein it is so ordered
that no man shall subscribe above ;^ioo and none for less than
;£20. Whereof onely a third part of the present voyage is to
be employed, in which roll there is already underwritten the sum
of ;£900, which ship is also departed.

" The fifth roll, which is the last, though not the least in estima-
tion, is for the sending of shipwrights and carpenters to Virginia,
where plenty of materials are to be had, so that the onely want
was of skillfull and sufficient workmen in those kind of profes-
sions, whereof divers did now ofTer themselves to go, with whom
the colony being once furnished they will in a short time be en-
abled, with pinnaces and boats, to make further discoveries up
into the country, and by means of houses ready framed to their
hands and afforded at reasonable rates, the planters there, and
such as come now over, will be able to furnish themselves, from

160

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

time to time, with substantial houses well built and in a good
manner to the comfort of the inhabitants and further strength of
the plantation.

**At a quarter-court held the 30th of January, 1621-22, there
were present —

Earl of Warwick,
Lord Paget,
Lord Cavendish,
Mr. Deputy,
Mr. Gibbs,
Mr. Wrote,
Mr. John Smith,
Mr. Robert Smith,
Mr. Keighdey,
Mr. Mansell,
Mr. Bromfield,
Mr. Berblock,
Mr. Briggs,
Mr. Grey,
Mr. Gardiner,
Mr. Mindouis,
Mr. Viner,
Mr. Shipton,
Mr. Weston,
Mr. Mellinge,
Mr. Hart,
Mr. Rich. Ferrar,
Mr. Tomlyns,
Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Barbour,
Mr. Ayres,
Mr. Casewell,
Mr. Newport,
Mr. Taylor,
Mr. Man,

Sir Francis Leigh,

Sir Edwin Sandys,

SirPhilip Gary,

Mr. Martin,

Mr. Stubbs,

Mr. Brewer,

Mr. Wheatly,

Mr. Edward Rogers,

Mr. Flapton,

Mr. George Smith,

Mr. Boothby,

Mr. Herrison,

Mr. Wiseman,

Mr. Swinehow,

Mr. Fawcet,

Mr. Jadwin,

Mr. Waterhouse,

Mr. Elkington,

Mr. Hackett,

Mr. Felgate,

Mr. Copland,

Mr. Balmford.

Mr. Woodall.

Mr. Barker,

Mr. Morris,

Mr. Watson,

Mr. Lilley.

Mr. Bull,

Mr. Covel,

Mr. Bagwell,

with divers others.

" After the reading of the former quarter- court, Mr. Deputy
signified of divers patents, which being read in the preparative

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 161

court were well approved of, and recommended to this general
court for confirmation, namely :

A patent granted to Sir George Yeardly, an adven-
turer, who undertakes to transport - - 300 persons.
To Thomas Lauson, an adventurer, for - - 100
To Capt. Nath. Basse and. his associates, for - 100
To Capt. William Weldin, a planter, for - - 100
To Henry Southey," of Rimpton, in Somerset-
shire, a planter, for - - - - 100
To William Caps, for - - - - 100

In all - - - - 800 persons.

" Which patents were all put to the question and ordered to
be sealed.

''A patent likewise for Martin's Hundred having been ex-
amined by this morning's court, called on purpose for it accord-
ing to the former court's appointment, and by it approved as
being drawn according to Southamton patent, it was now put to
the question, and ordered to be sealed.

** The letter subscribed D. and A. was brought to the former
court by an unknown messenger, was now again presented to be
read, the contents whereof are as foUoweth :

** 'January 28th, 1621.
" * Mosf Worthy Company :

** 'Whereas, I sent the Treasurer and yourselves a letter
subscribed * Dust and Ashes,' which promised ;^550 to such uses
therein expressed, and did soon afterwards, according to my
promise, send the said money to Sir Edwin Sandys to be de-
livered to the Company, in which letter I did not strictly

•• Nathaniel Littleton— who emigrated to Virginia, circUy 1635, and set-
tled in Accomac county, and supposed to be a son of Sir Edward Lit-
tleton—married in Virginia, Ann, daughter of Lewis and Elizabeth
Southey. Southey has been a favored Christian name in the family since.
The descendants of Nathaniel Littleton include the names of Robins,
Savage, Wallis, Waters and others. " A Tentative Pedigree of the
Littleton Family of Virginia, by Ro. Patterson Robins, A. M., M. D." is
given in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Oc-
tober, 1887.

U

162 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

order the bestowing of the said money, but only shewed my in-
tent for the conversion of infidells' children, as will appear by
that letter, which I desire may be read in open court, wherein I
chiefly commended the ordering thereof to the wisdom of you,
the Honourable Company ; and whereas, the gentlemen of
Southampton Hundred have undertaken the disposing of the
said ;£55o, I have long attended to see the erecting of some
school or other way whereby some of the children of the Vir-
ginians might have been taught and brought up in Christian
religion and good manners, which not being done according to
my intent, but the money detained by a private Hundred, all this
while contrary to my mind, tho' I judge very charitably of that
Honourable Society, and as you have already received a great
and the most painfully gained part of my estate towards the lay-
ing of the foundation of Christian religion and helping forward
of this pious work in that heathen, non-Christian land, so now
I request of the whole body of your honorable and worthy Com-
pany, whom I entrusted with the dispose of the said money, to
see the same speedily and faithfully converted to the work in
tended. And I do further propound unto you, the Hon'ble
Coifipany, that if you will procure that some of the male children
of the Virginians are brought over and placed in London, either
in Christ's Hospital or in the Virginia School or Hospital, as it
may be called, and by the wills and gifts of good men may be
early augmented, where the Company may have an eye over
them and be (as it were) nursing fathers over them, then, I say,
I faithfully promise to add ;^450 more to make the sum ;^i,ooo,
which, if God permit, I will cheerfully send you, only I desire to
nominate the first tutor or governor who shall take charge to
nurse and instruct them. But if you, in your wisdoms, like not
of this motion, then my humble suit unto the whole body of
your Honourable Company is that my former gift of ;^55o be
wholly employed and bestowed upon a free school to be erected
in Southampton Hundred (so it be presently employed), or such
other place as I or my friends shall well like of, wherein both
English and Virginians may be taught together, and that the said
school be endowed with such privileges as you in your wisdoms
shall think fit. The master of which school I humbly crave may
not be allowed to go over except he first bring unto the Company
a sound testimony of his sufficiency of learning and sincerity of

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 163

life. The Lord give you wise and understanding hearts, that His
work herein be not negligently performed.

" ' D. AND a:

" * Directed to the Ri^ht Honorable and Worshipful^

the Treasurer i Council and Company of Virginia.*

" The letter being referred to the consideration of this court,
forsomuch as it did require an account of the Company how
they have expended the said money, viz. , the ;£55o in gold, for
the bringing up of the infidels' children in true religion and
Christianity, Sir Edwin Sandys declared that the said money,
coming unto him inclosed in a box, in the time of his being
Treasurer, not long after a letter subscribed Dust and Ashes had
been directed unto him in the quality of Treasurer and delivered
in the court, and there openly read, he brought the money also
unto the next court, there in the box unopened. Whereupon
the court, after a large and serious deliberation how the said
money might be best employed to the use intended, at length
resolved that it was fittest to be entertained by the societies of
Southampton Hundred and Martin's Hundred, and each to
undertake for a certain number of infidels' children to be brought
up by them in Christian religion and some good trade to live by
according. to the donor's religious desire; but Martin's Hundred
desired to be excused by reason their plantation was sorely
weakened and as then in much confusion. Whereupon, it being
pressed that Southampton Hundred should undertake the whole,
they also considering with the weight the difficulty also and
hazard of the business, were likewise very unwilling to under-
take the management thereof, and offered an addition of j^ioo
unto the former sum of ;^550 that it might not be put upon them;
but being earnestly pressed thereunto by the court, and finding
no other way or means how to set that great work forward,
yielded in fine to accept thereof. Whereupon, soon after, at an
assembly of that society, tne adventurers entered into a careful
consideration how this great and weighty business might be with
most speed and great advantage be effected. Whereupon it was
agreed and resolved by them to employ the said money, together
with an addition out of the society's purse of a far greater sum,
towarde the furnishing out of Captain Bluet and his Company,
being eighty able, very sufficient workmen, with all manner of

164 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

provisions for setting up of an iron-work in Virginia, whereof
the profits accruing were intended and ordered in a ratable pro-
portion to be employed faithfully for the educating of thirty of
the infidels' children in Christian religion, as the donor had
required; to which end they writ very effectual letters unto
Sir George Yeardly, then Governor of Virginia, and Captain
also of Southampton plantation, not only commending the ex-
cellency of that work, but also furnishing him at large with
advice and direction how to proceed therein, with most earnest
adjuration (and that often litterated in all their succeeding letters)
so to employ his best care and industry therein, as a work
whereon the eyes of God, angels and men were fixed. The
copy of which letter and direction, through some omission of
their officer, was not entered in their book, but a course should
be taken to have it recovered.

'* In answer of this letter they received a letter from Sir George
Yeardley, shewing how difficult a thing it was at that time to ob-
tain any of their children with the consent and good liking of
their parents, by reason of their tenderness of them and fear of
hard usage by the English, unless it might be by a treaty with
Opochancano, the king, which treaty was appointed to be that
summer wherein he would not fail to do his utmost endeavors.

"But Captain Bluet dying soon after his arrival, it was a great
setting back of the iron -work intended, yet, since that time, care
had been taken to restore that business with a fresh supply ; so
as he hoped well the gentleman that gave this gift would receive
good satisfaction by that faithful account, which they should be
able and at all times ready to give touching the employment of
the said money.

*' Concerning which, Sir Edwin Sandys further said that as he
could not but only commend the gentleman for that, his worthy
and most Christian act, so he observed so great inconvenience
by his modesty and eschewing of show of vain glory by conceal-
ing his name, whereby they were deprived of the mutual help
and advice which they might have had by conference with, and
whereby he might have also received more clear satisfaction, with
industry, care and integrity they had managed that business, the
success whereof must be commended to the pleasure of God, and
it had been commended to His blessing.

** He concluded that if the gentkman wou'd either vouchsafe

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 165

himself or send any of his friends to confer with the said society,
they would be glad to apply themselves to give him all possible
satisfaction. But, for his own particular judgment, he doubted
that neither of the two courses particularized in this letter now
read in court would attain the effect so much desired. For to
send for them into England and have them educated here he
feared (upon the experience of those brought by Sir Thomas
Dale) might be far from the Christian work intended. Again, to
begin with the building of a free school in Virginia for them, he
doubted (considering that none of the buildings there intended
had yet prospered by reason that as yet, through their doating
so much upon tobacco, no such workmen could be had but at
intolerable rates) it might rather tend to the exhausting of this
sacred treasure in some small fabrick than to accomplish such a
fundation and weight as might satisfy men' s expectations. Where-
upon he wished again some meeting between the gentleman or
his friends and the Southampton Hundred Society, that all things
being debated at full and judiciously weighed, some constant
course might be resolved on and pursued for the proceeding in
and perfecting of this most pious work, for which he prayed the
blessing of God to be upon the author thereof And all the Com-
pany said Amen.

" In the midst of this narration a stranger stept in, presenting
four books, fairly bound, sent from a person refusing to be
named, who had bestowed them upon the coUedge in Virginia
that gave heretofore the other four great books, the names of
those he now sent were these, viz: a large church Bible, the com-
mon prayer-book, Ursinus's catechism, and a small Bible, richly
embroidered. The court desired the messenger to return the
gentleman that gave them their general acknowledgment of much
respect and thanks due unto him.

** A letter also was presented from one who desired also not to
be named as yet, with ;^25 in gold to be employed by way of
addition unto the former contribution towards the building of a
free school in Virginia, to make up the other sum of ;^i25, for
which the Company desired the messenger to return him their
hearty thanks.

" Mr. Copeland, the preacher, having three shares of land of
Old Adventure bestowed upon him by the last quarter-court in
reward and gratification of his deserts, did now humbly desire .

166 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the same might be confirmed under the Company's seal, with
allowance of fifty acres the person more for so many as he and
his associates should undertake to transport at their own proper
costs and charges, which request was tiiought very reasoaaUe,
and having a deed for this purpose ready drawn according to the
order of the former court, which was now presented and read,
the court approved thereof and ordered it to be sealed.

**Mr. Deputy signified that Mr. Leat," the minister, being ap-
pointed to preach this next Sunday at St. Sythe's church upon a
text the Company gave him, had performed the same with good
approbation, and being still desirous to go to Virginia, recom-
mended to the Governor and Council there to remain in expect-
ance till some place in the ministry become void, did therefore
pray the Company would be pleased to furnish him with some
small allowance for books and other necessaries, which request,
having been formerly taken into consideration, it was thought fit
to allow him ;^20 to furnish him with books and apparel and to
pay for his transportation ; which allowance the court did well
approve of.

** February 27th, 1621-2. Mr. Deputy acquainted the Com-
pany that word was brought him that the Marmaduke was re-
turned from Virginia, and was now in Ireland, and although the
letters which she brought were not as yet come to his hands, yet
he had received good news by Captain Rayner, owner of the
said ship, being advised by his man's letters of the safe arrival
into Virginia of eight of their ships, which set out this last sum-
mer, which brought all their passengers thither in good health,
not one dying either by sea or land ; and that whereas the Tyger,
in her passage, being driven by ill weather so far as the North
Cape, tell in the hands of Turks on her way, but it pleased God
to deliver her by a strange accident out of their hands, so as she
escaped that danger and arrived safely with her people to Vir-
ginia, and that they wanted only the Sea-Flower, wherein Cap
tain Hamor went, which they expected would be there within
a few days after the coming away of this ship.

*'And further, it was certified that they found the people in
Virginia all in good health, and that Mr. Delbridge's ship was

"Rev. William Leate, formerly a preacher in Newfoundland. He
died in less than six months after his arrival in the colony.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 167

there also, well arrived with many good commodities from the
Sumer Island, for which extraordinary blessing the whole court
gave all possible praise and thanks unto God, and were much
comforted at so joyfull and welcome news.

** March 13th, 162 1-2. Whereas, Mr. Deputy formerly ac-
quainted the court with that news he received by word of mouth
of the safe arrival of eight of their ships in Virginia with all
their people and provisions, sent out this last summer, he now
signified that the general letter was come to his hands, importing
as much as had formerly been delivered, which letter, for more
particular relations, did refer to the letter sent by the George,
which he hoped they should soon hear of.

" Upon declaration of the Company's thankfulness unto God for
this joyfull and welcome news from Virginia, a motion was made
that this acknowledgment of their thankfulness might not only
be done in a private court, but by some learned minister in a ser-
mon to that purpose before a general assembly of the Company,
which motion was well approved of, and thought fit to be taken
into consideration upon return of the George, which was daily
expected, when they hoped they should receive more particular
advertisement touching their affairs in Virginia.

"The court, taking into their consideration certain propo-
sitions presented unto them in the behalf of Mr. Dike, formerly
commended for the usher's place, in the free school intended at
Charles City in Virginia, they have agreed in effect to his several
requests, namely, that upon certificate from the Governor of Vir-
ginia of his sufficiency and diligence in framing up of youth com-
mitted to his charge he shall be confirmed in the place of master
of the said school.

" Secondly, that if he can procure an expert writer to go over
with him that can withal teach the grounds of arithmetic, whereby
to instruct the children in matters of account, the Company are
contented to give such £ one his passage, whose pains they
doubt not but will be well rewarded by those whose children
shall be taught by him, and for the one hundred acres of land he
desires for his own proper inheritance, it is agreed that after he
has served out his time, which is to be five years at least, and
longer during his own pleasure, he giving a year's warning upon
his remove, whereby another may be provided in his room, the
Company are pleased to grant him one hundred acres as before.

168 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

"It is also agreed that he shall be furnished with books fit for
the school, for which he is to be accountable, and for the children
the Company have undertaken likewise to provide a good store
of books fitting for their use, for which their parents are to be
answerable. Lastly, it is ordered that the agreement between
him and the Company shall, according to his own request, beset
down in writing by way of articles indented.

" Mr. Deputy signified that he had received of late certain in-
telligence that Mr. Gookin's ship was arrived in Virginia with
forty young catde, well and safely landed, he therefore moved
that forasmuch as divers others might be encouraged to transport
cattle out of Ireland thither upon this good news, upon reason-
able conditions that a letter might be writ to Mr. Gookin, by
way of offer, that if any should be pleased to undertake the like
performance they shall have, for every heifer safely delivered in
Virginia, one hundred weight of good merchantable tobacco,
which motion was well approved of, and order given for a letter
to be drawn to that effect.

"March 27th, 1622. Mr. Deputy acquainted the court that
thanks to God the George was now returned from Virginia and
that he had received the paquet of letters sent by her, which he
now presented to be read. Whereupon there was first read the
general letter from the Governor and council of Virginia, and
after such private letters as came directed unto the council and
Company here, wherein, amongst other things, they gave adver-
tisement that the iron-works, so long and so earnesdy desired,
were now in a good forwardness to be set up by the means of
Mr. John Berkley, who doubted not but to make iron there by
Whitsontide ; also of the great hopes they have of cotton wool
in respect the trees there prosper so well ; also of plenty of good
wine whereof the Virginians had sent home a tast by this ship,
the George, and further, they certifie that their hopes are now
greater than ever of a flourishing country in a short dme with
that rich commodity of silk, in respect the Frenchmen there do
report the mulberry trees to be of the best kind that are, and do
daily encourage the people, by their example, to plant them in
abundance, which makes them all desire that store of silk-worm
seed be sent them with the first conveniency.

"There was also presented certain - propositions sent to the
Company by Mr. Deputy Newce, for altering their present condi-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 169

tion with thrir tenants for the better improvement of the publick
revenue and advancement of the general plantation, which pro-
ject, for that it contained matter of special importance more than
was fit to be disputed upon for the present, the court hath referred
it to the council of Virginia to take into their consideration and
to certify their opinions touching the same against the quarter-
court.

** Upon the presenting a certificate from the Governor of Virginia
of the safe arrival of the Warwick there, order was given for the
payment of fraight according to the contract made with the
owners, which was for payment within fourteen days after sight,

" Upon intelligence given of the want of ministers in Virginia,
whom the inhabitants there do very much desire, promising to
' allow them very good entertainment without charge of the Com-
pany, Mr. Deputy gave notice of two or three that had been with
him and offered themselves to go upon reasonable conditions,
whereupon the court referred to the committee to be treated with.

"April 3d, 1622. The Somer Islands* court held this afternoon
being dissolved and the Virginia court set, Mr. Deputy signified
that upon a proposition formerly made, upon the good success it
pleased God to give Mr. Gookin this last summer in transporting
his people and catde safely to Virginia, certain gentlemen of Ire-
land being now in town much encouraged, and not able to stay
till next year, made an offer to undertake the like performance
as Mr. Gookin had done, so as they might know and be assured
aforehand at what rate they should be able to put off their cattle
in Virginia at their coming there, which offer the court, taking
into their consideration, did at length agree that for the better
encouragement of such undertakers, they should have for every
heifer of our right English breed of two years old and upwards,
delivered safe and sound in Virginia, allowed them there either
130 lb weight of tobacco or ;^ii in money at their election, for
which they should have the Company's seal for their security.

**Anji whereas these undertakers did likewise make offer to
transport out of Ireland twenty or thirty able youths of sixteen
or seventeen years of age, to be apprentices in Virginia, for six
or seven years in the Company's service with £40 a piece in ap-
parel, which they would deliver safe in Virginia at the rate the
person in money or 100 lb weight of tobacco ; the court liking
well of this their offer, are contented, upon certificate as afore-

170 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

said, to give that allowance, either in tobacco or money at their
election as is desired.

"A motion being made that for so much as private planters
received by the Frenchman's skill and instructing of others in
the art of setting and planting of vines, and in the mystery of
making wine, that they be ordered to bear part of the charge
thereby to ease the Company, which motion was well approved
of and thought fit to be remembered in the general letter to the
Governor, whereby it might be proposed and required of them.

** Forasmuch as the George was now returned safe from Vir-
ginia, confirming the news they had formerly received of the safe
arrival of their ships and people in Virginia, sent this last sum-
mer, it was now thought fit, and resolved according to a motion
formerly made to the same effect, that a sermon should be
preached to express the Company's thankfulness unto God for
this His great and extraordinary blessing. To which end the
court entreated Mr. Copeland, being present, to take the pains to
preach the said sermon, being a brother of the Company and
one that was well acquainted with the happy success of their
affairs in Virginia last year. Upon which request Mr. Copeland
was pleased to undertake it, and thereupon two places being pro-
posed where this exercise should be performed, namely, St.
Michael's, in Comhill, or Bow Church, it was by erection ot
hands appointed to be in Bow Church, on Wednesday next, being
the 17th day of this present month of April, about four of the
dock in the afternoon, for which purpose Mr. Carter is appointed
to give notice of the time and place to all the Company.

''A request was made in behalf of Mr. John Berkley, master
of the iron-works in Virginia, that in respect he had with so
great skill and industry brought that so long desired work to so
great forwardness as to undertake so confidendy to make iron
there by Whitsuntide next, as by his own and Mr. Sandys' s
letter appeared. The court would please, for his better encour-
agement in so good a work, to supply him and his people with
such provisions as he has most earnesdy desired in his letter,
which charge he hath promised to repay again out of the first
fruit of their labours, which request being taken into serious
consideration, and withal the benefit and consequence of so great
a work unto the whole plantation, and forsomuch as the Com-
pany's stock was quite exhausted, the court again entreated Mr.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 171

Deputy, as formerly, to take up so much money as wi^^ -sup-
ply him, for which he should be aecxwcd as before hath been
dedaired.

" May 8th, 1622. The court being moved to take some order
about the tobacco lately brought home in the George, returned
from Virginia, haveing entreated Mr. Bland, Mr. Casewell, Mr.
George Smith and Mr. Mellinge to take up out of the custom-
house and to sell and dispose of all the tobacco come home in
the said ship, as well from the college tenants as from the Trea-
surer and Captain Nuce, or any other way belonging to the seve-
ral Company. They were also entreated to discharge and satisfy
as well the , freight of the tobacco to Mr. Ewens as also the
custom and other charges of it.

" And further, they were entreated to use all convenient dili-
gence in the selling of the said tobacco, that with all expedition
money might be made of it. The price and manner of sale was
wholly referred to their fidelity and discretion.

" Mr. Staples,** minister, recommended by Mr. Abraham Cham-
berlyn and by certificate under the hands of wellnigh twenty
divines, continuing still his earnest request to the Company for
some allowance towards the transport and furnishing out of him-
self, his wife, and child to Virginia, where he hath a brother liv-
ing, which moves him the rather to go, for which allowance he
is contented to put himself wholly to their free bounty, the court
taking it into consideration, and at length agree that although
their stock was spent, they would strain themselves to give him
;^20 to pay for his said passage and to furnish himself with ne-
cessaries, and for that it was moved that he might give some tes-
timony of his sufficiency by a sermon, as is usual, he was desired
to preach upon Sunday come sen-night, in the afternoon, at St.
Scythe's church, which he promised to perform.

" Mr. Deputy signified that one Samuel Each, Captain of the
Abigail, having, at his being in Virginia, made tryal of those
banks that lye out in James river near Blunt Point, and found
that a block-house or fort might be erected upon them, which
would altogether forbid the passage of ships any higher, made
offer unto the Company that if they would employ his ship, the
Abigail, with a convenient reasonable freight outward and home-

•♦ Robert Staples^

172 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ward, he would carry a dozen carpenters at least, by whom, the
rest of his mariners being supplied with a convenient number of
hands from the colony, and some necessaries from hence of
boats, cordage, and tools, he doubted not by the end of March
to raise such a block-house as should secure the river all about
it, the Council and committees met divers times about it, and
having received good satisfaction both of the sufficiency of the
man for his judgment and honesty, and also for the probableness
of the means whereby he propounded to effect it, were all of'
opinion that the offer was not to be refused, the matter of fortifi-
cation being a thing unfortunately requested by the colony, and
this particular being judged by divers planters to be that which
ought first to be attempted and most easy to be effected, espe-
cially considering that the demands of Captain Each were so
reasonable and ordinary, as although the work was not effected,
yet there wou'd arise no damage to the Company ; but as they
conceive it rather a benefit^ by employing so goodly and strong
a ship, wherein the Lady Wyat and the rest that are this year to
go may be exceeding conveniently and safely transported, and
the whole body during their stay in the river much strengthened ;
wherefore the committees proceeded in treaty with Captain Each
and rest of the owners, and it was agreed on by both parties in
the manner following, reserving the confirmation of the bargain
to the authority of a quarter-court :

** I. First, that there should be one hundred and fifty tun of
goods and one hundred and fifty persons, or proportionably of
each, put or laden aboard the said ship ; the which number of
persons and goods were conceived would be very easily made up
by private adventurers.

" 2. That the person should repay six pounds apiece in hand,
and for freight of goods three pounds a tun should be paid upon
certificate of the safe delivery of the same in Virginia.

"3. The owners of the ship desired that the passengers might
be taken in at the Isle of Wight, which, although it was some
what more charge, yet in matter of health it will be doubly
recompenced.

" 4. And that the goods might be delivered them here by the
middle of July, they promise by the ist of August to be gone
from the Isle of Wight, if wind and weather serve.

**5. That they would not take in any more passengers than

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON- 178

the Company should put aboard them, and that during the whole
voyage the people should have their full allowance of victuals.

'' 6. That after their unlading in Virginia, the ship should with
all capable expedition fall down to Blunt Point, and there Cap-
tain Each would diligently himself, his ship and twelve carpenters
and mariners to the number of forty, till the end of March, in
case the business be not sooner effected, for the erecting or build-
ing of a fort or block-house, and the Company undertaketh and
promiseth to supply the said captain each with such a convenient
number of people as shall be fit and requisite during the said
work, which landmen, so sent and employed, shou'd be main-
tained with victuals of their own at the colony's charge, but their
lodging should be aboard the ship.

"And the Company for their parts do promise —

" That if this work be effected they will make his freight home-
wards, ;£8oo, upon which all goods, tobacco, sasafras, etc., which
shall be loaden in him, shall be accounted only the personal trans-
port of men, shall be excepted. As for the rate and price of
the freight, he shall not make an agreement without the consent
of the Governor.

*' And if that he, performing his best endeavors, shall not be
able to effect it by the end of March, but for the perfecting thereof
shall be required to stay a month or more after he shall have
paid him for every month's stay, ;^i6o, by the Governor and
colony there, and so pro rato, but in case it should happen there
by the judgment of the Governor and council of state, within
one month the work prove not faisible, then it shall be lawfull
for him to return home the first of January, and that the Com-
pany shall by that time lade so much tobacco or other goods on
board as shall make in freight ;^8oo, besides personal freight.

** And for so much as for performance of this great work there
was a matter of ;^200 required to be disbursed for necessary pro-
visions, as namely, in axes, shovels, spades, and a lighter which
comes to the greatest charge, being estimated at ;^5o, in all which
things there could be no loss, although the work did not pro-
ceed, in regard they would be of great use to the colony. Mr.
Deputy therefore moved to know the pleasure of the court for
procuring the said money, seeing the common stock was long
since exhausted and the Company already fallen into debt.
Whereof my Lord of Southampton had willed them to be very

174 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

cautious and sparing; whereupon, it beine taken into considera-
tion, and the importancy of the work duly weighed, and withal,
it being signified that this money would be repaid again by the
colony, who were contented to be at all the charge, and would be
ready to make good what contract soever the Company made
here with any such undertaker, if the project did not prove
faisible. The court hereupon thought fit to recommend it to the
quarter court to entreat some to take up so much money, and
that it should be propounded that for his security he should not
only have the seal of the Company, but also all such commodi-
ties as came from Virginia to the Company's use should be con-
signed to him until, upon the sale, satisfaction were given him
for all such debts and damages whatsoever, as any such should
stand engaged for.

" The Lord President, making request unto the Company by
letter in the behalf of a kinsman of his now going to Virginia, that
he may be directed in the best courses, and be respected the
rather for his sake, the court has promised to afford him what
favour they may, and thereupon gave order for a letter to be
writ to the Governor to that effect.

** Mr. Howe,* the chronicler, making request for twelve pounds
of tobacco, which he pretended was promised him yearly in con-
sideration of his pains and willingness to do the Company service
in his book relating the passages concerning Virginia, the court
was pleased to grant his request for this year, giving order so
much should be delivered him of the Company's tobacco, which
he thankfully accepted of.

" At a general quarter-court held the 22d of May, 1622, there
were present in the afternoon Right Hon'ble —

Lord Cavendish, Lord Padget,

Lord Houghton, Sir Edward Sackvil,

Sir Francis Ley, Sir Francis Goodwin,

Sir John Mervich, Sir Francis Egioke,

Sir Edwin Sandys, Sir John Brooke,

^Edward Howes, gentleman and chronicler, continued Stowe*s Chroni-
cles of England^ and in his History of the Reign of James the Firsts
speaks well of Virginia. He was probably the same Ed. Howes who
frequently corresponded with Winthrop, of Connecticut. — NeilPs Vir-
ginia Company t page 298.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON.

175

Sir Philip Gary,

Sir Samuel Sandys,

Sir John Dauers,

Mr. John Ferrar (Deputy),

Mr. Gibbs,

Mr. Hen. Ransford,

Mr. John Zouch,

Mr. Aid. Hamersly,

Mr. Wote,

Mr. Nich. Hide,

Mr. Christ. Earle,

Mr. Geo. Wilmer,

Mr. Bromfield,

Mr. Riseley,

Mr. Steward,

Dr. Livesey,

Dr. Gulstone,

Dr. Anthony,

Mr. Edward Gibbs,

Mr. Chellell,

Mr. Wheat,

Mr. Thos. Gibbs,

Mr. Thos. Shepard,

Mr. Langley,

Mr. Geo. Wrote,

Mr. Loxton,

Mr. Groce,

Mr. Elkins,

Mr. Cranmer,

Mr. Whiten.

Mr. Rugles,

Mr. Mordon,

Mr. Nich. Leman,

Mr. Geo. Smith,

Mr. Edwards,

Mr. Bennett,

Mr. Felgate,

Mr. Kirvell,

Mr. Swain,

Mr. John Land,

Sir Thomas Wroth,
Sir Walter Earle,
Sir Edward Lawley,
Dr. Turner,
Mr. Robt. Bell,
Mr. Ro. Smith,
Mr. Palmer,
Mr. Thos. Wiseman,
Mr. Rich. Wiseman,
Mr. Wm. Johnson,
Mr. John Smith,
Mr. Keightley,
Capt. Bargrave,
Capt. Tucker,
Capt. Gifford,
Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Palavicnie,
Mr. John Porter,
Mr. Ro. Bateman,
Mr. Leate,
Mr. Binge,
Mn Bland,
Mr. Bull,
Mr. Barkham,
Mr. Caminge,
Mr, De Lanne,
Mr. Case well,
Mr. Berblock,
Mr. Barnard,
Mr. Geo. Scott,
Mr. Ditchfield,
Mr. Harrison,
Mr. Mellinge,
Mr. Bayon,
Mr. Jadwin,
Mr. Widows,
Mr. Eldred,
Mr. Russell,
Mr. Martin,
Mr. Steward,

176 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Boothby, Mr. Stubs,

Mr. Swinehowe, Mr. Carter,

Mr. Hickford, Mr. Baker,

Mr. Couthurst, Mr. Hackett,

Mr. Nicholas, Mr. Waterhouse,

Mr. Gold, Mr. Truelove,

Mr. Rich. Land. Mr. Price,

Mr. Laurence, Mr. Challoner,

Mr. Newport, Mr. Brown,

Mr. Roberts, Mr. Thos. Waterhouse,

Mr. Woodall, Mr. Swinhowe,

Mr. Mansell, with others.

" The former quarter-court being read, for so much as it was
ordered by this morning's court that such business as had been
now, and likewise in the preparative court proposed and refer-
red to the confirmation of this afternoon's great and general
assembly, should first be ordered.

" Accordingly, Mr. Deputy first proposed the contract made by
the committee with Samuel Each, Captain of the Abigail, touch-
ing the building of a block-house near Blunt Point, in James
River, in Virginia. In which place (being formerly viewed by
him) he hopeth to effect the same ; for performance whereof his
demands also were so reasonable, as although the work should
not prove faisible, yet there would arise no damage to the Com-
pany, but rather a benefit, by employing so strong a ship for the
safe transport of their people this present year, as also the
whole colony would be much secured during her stay there,
the which bargain and contract was by the court conceived to be
very reasonable, and being put to the question was, by general
consent, ratifyed and confirmed.

" And further: Whereas, for the performance of this great work
there was a matter of ;^2oo to be disbursed in necessary pro-
visions, as nataiely in axes, hatchets, shovels, spades, and a strong
lighter, which came to the greatest charge, being estimated at
;^50. In all which things, they being of so great use to the
colony, there would be no loss at all, although this work pro-
ceeded not, and besides, this ;^200 being only to advance the
business, and to be repaid again by the colony, who are content
to be at all the charge upon the undertaking of so important a
work unto them ; for these respects the court hath entreated Mr.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 177

John Ferrar to take up so much money, and for his security it is
ordered that he shall not only have the Company's seal for re-
payment, but also such goods and commodities as shall come
from Virginia to the Company's use shall be consigned unto
him, until upon the sale he receive full satisfaction.

''After other things had been ordered, as the court were
proceeding after their accustomed manner to the election of a
treasurer, deputy, and other officers for this present year, ac-
cording to the direction of his Majesty's letters -patent, Mr.
Alderman Hamersly ^ rose up, and having first excused his sel-
dom coming to court by reason of the officer's negligent warning
of him, he said that himself and Mr. Bell *^ were both commanded
by Mr. Secretary Calvert to deliver a message in his Majesty's
name to this court — namely, to signify that although it was not
his Majesty's desire to infringe their liberty of free election, yet
it would be pleasing unto him if they made choice for Treasurer
and Deputy any of those gentlemen commended for their suf-
ficiencies, whose names were mentioned in the paper now pre-
sented in open court, which were these that follow :

** For Treasurer — Sir John Wolstenholme, Mr. William Rus-
sel, Mr. Cletherow,*" Mr. Morrice Abbot, Mr. Hamford."

''For Deputy— Mr, Leat,^* Mr. Robt. Oftly, Mr. Bateman,*"
Mr. StUes, Mr. Abdy**.

" Mr. Bell being also entreated to deliver the message that he
had received from Mr. Secretary Calvert, said that he was not
present when Mr. Secretary Calvert imparted this message to
Mr. Alderman Hamersly, but that there came a messenger to
him one night to require him to attend Mr, Secretary Calvert at

^ Hugh Hamersley, haberdasher, a prominent merchant, sheriff in
1618, and Mayor of London in 1627.

^ Robert Bell, who was for years an associate with Sir Thomas Smith
in the management of the affairs of the East India Company.

* Christopher Cletherow, who had been one of the Directors of the
JEast India Company, and was sheriff of London in 1625.

•• Subsequently Sir Humphrey Handford, sheriff in 1622.
** Nicholas Leat, ironmonger.

"^ Robert Bateman, who had been solicitor of the East India Com-
pany.

1" Probably Anthony Abdy.
12

178 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

his chamber, and being there Mr. Secretary told hitn that his
Majesty commanded him to signify his pleasure, that of his good
wishes for the good of the Company and the plantation, had
recommended unto this court certain gentlemen named in the
paper now presented, if the Company so thought good, but it was
not his meaning to infringe the liberty of their free choice, and
being desirous to have had this message in writing, Mr. Secretary
said it need not for it was but short.

" Both which messages agreeing in substance and being a full
remonstrance of his Majesty's well-wishing unto the plantation,
and of his gracious meaning not to infring the priviledge of the
Company and the liberty of their free election, was received with
great joy and contentment of the whole court, and thereupon
proceeding to the election of their treasurer, for which only three,
by the orders of the Company, could stand, it was generally
agreed that out of the five formerly proposed by his Majesty for
treasurer, choice should be made of two of them to stand in
election with one that the Company should name ; whereupon
the former five being severally put to the question, it appeared
by erection of most hands that Mr. Cletheroe and Mr. Hanford
were to stand for it. Then the Company named the Lord of
Southampton, who being all three accordingly ballated, the place
fell to the Lord of Southampton by having 117 balls, Mr. Cleth-
eroe 13, and Mr. Hamford 7.

" In Uke manner, out of the five formerly named by his Majesty
for deputy, by erection of most hands, Mr. Leat and Mr. Bateman
were to stand for it, unto whom the Company having added Mr.
Nicholas Ferrar, they were all three put to the ballating-box, and
thereupon choice was made of Mr. Ferrar by having 103 balls,
Mr. Bateman 10, and Mr. Leat 8.

** Whereupon, Mr. Deputy took his place and gave unto the
court humble thanks for their love and honourable testimony
which, by electing him to that place, they had given him, wherein
he professed he should, all his life long, glory and rejoice accord-
ingly if he could but think himself worthy thereof; but knowing
well the weightiness of the place and his own great innabilities,
he could not, without fears and tremblings, accept thereof, but
since he knew they would not, upon any entreaties of his, alter
their choice, he humbly submitted himself, promising not to fail
to the utmost of his power to perform the charge they had laid

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 179

Upon him. Humbly beseeching the honourable Lords and the
worthy officers, with their counsels, to direct him, and the whole
court in general with their presence to assist him for the well per-
forming of the office they had imposed upon him, and, in parti-
cular, besought them to request his brother, Mr. John Ferrar (in
consideration of whose assistance he well knew they had made
choice of him), to continue the self-same care and pains he had
formerly done, without which he could not hope to perform his
place as he ought. Whereupon, Mr. John Ferrar made promise
not to slack any thing of that zealous and diligent care with
which himself had performed that office.

"Auditors and committees having been appointed, it was then
moved to bestow on Mr. John Ferrar, the late Deputy, some
proportion of land, as a testiinony of the Company's thankfuU
acknowledgment of the great and faithfull service performed by
him in the place of Deputy the three last years, and accordingly,
it being put to the question, there were given unto him twenty
shares of Old Adventure; and it was further ordered that, to-
gether with the gift itself, it should be entered in the court-book
that the court conceived his merits to be so great, as if their
greater liberality had not by their law been bounded within the
compass of twenty shares, they would for him have exceeded it
with a farr greater proportion.

" It being moved that there might be some presentation of the
Company's humble thankfulness unto his Majesty, in respect of
the gracious message formerly delivered, after some deliberation
had thereupon the court conceived it fit to be set down in these
words, viz. :

" That the Lord Cavendish, the Lord Padgett, and the Lord
Haughton are humbly I'equested by the court to present their
most humble thanks unto his Majesty for his gracious remem-
brance and good wishes to his affairs, out of which he was
pleased to recommend certain persons for Treasurer and Deputy,
if they so thought fit, but without any infringement of their liberty
of fi'ee election, and they were further humbly requested to sig-
nify and testify unto his Majesty the great respect and reverence
wherewith his message was received and how in conformity
thereunto, although they had formerly, according to their custom
in their preparative court, nominated the Earl of Southampton
for Treasurer, yet out of the persons recommended by his

180 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Majesty they had chose four, who had most voices, and put them
in election with two nominated by the Company, upon whom
the places were conferred with the unanimous consent of the
Company, having found the plantation to prosper every one of
these three last years, more than in ten before, and found more to
have to have been done with ten thousand pounds than formerly
with four-score thousand, and they conceived that in regard the
staple commodities of iron, silk, wine, salt, etc., are now in
establishing and perfecting, as also that the government of that
country is to be confirmed, that sufficiency for direction would
not so much advance the plantation, as the variableness of in-
structions proceeding from different conceptions would prejudice
the business.

"June 5th, 1622. My Lord of Southampton being now
present, signified unto the court that he was content to accept
the place of Treasurer for the year ensuing, according to their
election, wherein he would be ready to perform the best service
he could for the Company and plantation, hoping they would
please as formerly to dispense with his absence when either his
Majesty's service or his own urgent occasions did withdraw him;
which the court willingly condescended unto, with hearty and
humble acknowledgment of their bounden thankfulness unto his
Lordship for the noble favour and affection unto the plantation
under whom it had pleased God to prosper it so well in the two
precedent years of his government, as now there was greater
hopes than ever of a flourishing state and commonwealth in
Virginia, and so his Lordship took his oath.

" My Lord Cavendish acquainted the court with his Majesty's
answer unto the message, which he delivered in the name of the
Company in the presence of the Lord Haughton and diArers
others of the Council that attended them. First, concerning the
petition he presented to the King in answer of Captain Martin's,
wherein the Company, through just suspicion of partiality in
some of the former referees, desired the matter might be referred,
together with those Lords in the first reference, to certain other
Lords of his Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, whom
they nominated. His Majesty said he much wondered at this
new sprung up custom that petitioners should nominate their
own referees. To which his Lordship made answer that in that
point Captain Martin had been their example, who in his petition,

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 181

which his Lordship then shewed his Majesty, had named his own
referees, which his Majesty had approved.

"Touching the account of the last year's supply, which he
likewise presented to the King, his Majesty graciously accepted
thereof.

** Lastly, upon presenting the Company's most humble thanks
unto his Majesty for the gracious message delivered by Mr. Al-
derman Hammersly and Mr. Bell, signifying that in proposing
the persons mentioned in the paper for Treasurer and Deputy, it
was not his Majesty's meaning to infringe their liberty of free
election. Whereupon, choice being made of two of each pro-
posed by his Majesty to stand in election, with two others named
by the Company, they being all put to the balloting- box, the
election fell upon my Lord of Southampton for Treasurer (under
whose government the plantation had exceedingly prospered and
increased), and upon Mr. Nicholas Ferrar for Deputy ; but his
Majesty seemeth not well satisfied that out of so large a number
by him recommended they had not made any choice, his
Majesty conceiving that merchants were fittest for the govern-
ment of that plantation j in respect of their skill and abilities in
raising of staple commodities, and instancing Sir Thomas Smith,
in whose time many staple commodities were set up, which were
now laid down and onely tobacco followed. To which his
Lordship made answer in this point, as likewise in many other
particulars touching the Company and their proceedings, his
Majesty had been much misinformed. The following of tobacco
only and the neglecting of staple commodities have been the
fruits of Sir Thomas Smith's and Alderman Johnson's time; but
on the contrary, it hath been laboured ever since with all indus-
try, care and diligence to erect iron-milb, plant vineyards, nour-
ish silk and other like, of some whereof they hoped shortly to
give his Majesty very good proof, and that since the time of Sir
Thomas Smith the colony had grown to almost as many thou-
sand people as he had left hundreds ; good increase had been
also of the cattle, and that with ten thousand pounds' expence
there had been more performed for the advancement of the plan «
tation than by Sir Thomas Smith with four-score thousand, and
further, his Lordship did assure his Majesty that some of those
persons being recommended being present did then and have
otherwise publickly acknowledged and professed that they would

182 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

never have accepted of those places, professrog theoMKlvea,
through want of experience and abundance of other employ-
ments, so disabled that they should have brought back the busi-
ness more in one year than it had gone forward in these last
three, so that the choosing of them had been the hazarding of
the whole plantation.

" My Lord of Southampton signified unto the court that him-
self and some others of his Majesty's Council for Virginia, with
the Governor and assistants of the Somer Islands, had now
(before the setting of the court) being consulting about a weighty
proposition made unto them from my Lord Treasurer, which
they conceived might turn to the benefit of both the plantations,
which proposition his Lordship entreated Sir Edwin Sandys (as
best acquainted with the manner of it) to relate unto the court.

** Whereupon Sir Edwin Sandys signifyed, that €Mit of his
personal duty, as also the duty of his place, Mr. Treasurer bend-
ing his thoughts to the advancing of his Majesty's profit and
revenue, and yet carefull to avoid grieving of his Majesty's sub-
jects, and particularly out of his noble affection and well-wishing
to the plantation, wherein himself was one of the most ancient
adventurers, and also of long time a Councillor for, had been
pleased to make an overture of late to him for contracting with
the two companies of Virginia and the Somer Islands for the sole
importation of tobacco into England, and also into the Realm of
Ireland, the grant whereof having, in these two last years, been
managed by other contractors to the discontent and perhaps
detriment of the said plantations, they might again have the
grsnt made unto themselves, and consequently have the sole
managing of all that commodity, with reservation of a valuable
rent to his Majesty, which he thought might redound to the great
benefit of the plantations.

''Touching which proposition, his Lordship desired to know
his opinion in private before it were further published, Sir Eldwin
Sandys, professing his ignorance in matters of that nature, de-
sired to have some other associated with him, which his Lord-
ship well liking of, and giving him his own choice, he chose Sir
Arthur Ingram, who then was present, being likewise an ancient
adventurer and Councillor for the plantation, and who upon all
occasions did manifest, his great good affection to it.

" Sir Edwin Sandys and Sir Arthur Ingram SsdMng into.a con-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 183

sultation amongst themselves touching this proposition, and con-
sidering the uncertainty of this deceivable weed, tobacco, which
served for neither for necessity nor for ornament to the life of
man, but was only founded upon an humour, which might soon
vanish into smoak and come to nothing, whereby the upholding
of any great rent to his Majesty, to be raised out of that com-
modity might, in a short time, bankrupt the companies and
utterly ruin the plantations, conceived that it was a much safer
way for the companies rather to yield to his Majesty a certain
proportion out of the tobacco itself in specie than a certain
revenue in money, being subject to so much danger.

"This answer, within a few days after, they returned unto his
Lordship, who requiring their opinion what proportion they
thought fit, Sir Edwin Sandys made answer that the commodity
being managed by men of skill and dexterity, he thought that if
the companies should yield unto his Majesty a fourth part of the
profits thereof, it might raise unto him a very fair revenue, and
for his own private opinion he thought it not unpossible that the
companies (taking all circumstances into due consideration)
might yield to that fourth part so as to be discharged of all
other burthens.

" His Lordship, hereupon falling into a consultation of the
quantity of tobacco yearly spent in these kingdoms, and also of
the prices at which it might be sold, concluded that without the
grant of a third part there could not be that revenue raised to
his Majesty as was expected, and as for other charges his Lord-
ship answered that the old custom of 6d. and 4d. the pound,
being already granted to his Majesty's farmers, it must needs be
paid, for otherwise, the defalcations which the farmers would de-
mand, might swallow up the greatest part of his Majesty's rent
intended, how be it he would help to bring the matter to a rea-
sonable composition, and such a one as might be no great bur-
den to the Company.

" In conclusion, his Lordship advised Sir Edwin Sandys to
communicate this proposition, first, with the Governor and
Deputys of the two Companies, and if they did approve of his
Lordship's opinion, might redound to the great benefit of the
plantations, and that in more respects than one, being duely
weighed and considered, they might proceed to impart it to the
Companies, so to receive their resolution and further directions.

184 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

** According whereunto, Sir Edwin Sandys having acquainted
both their Lordships then present, and the Deputies of the com-
panies with the offer and nature of this contract proposed, and
their Lordships having communicated the same to the Council
of the one company and assistants of the other, they all thought
it fit that the same should be proposed to the considerations of
the companies, which, according to their Lordships command,
he had now performed.

"Whereupon, after some pause and deliberations, the Company
signified their general well liking of it, but withal, desired that
it might not be concluded upon until such time as they had bet-
ter considered of every particular matter and circumstance there-
unto incident and delivered their opinion thereof, either by writing
or otherwise.

" Touching which, it wds answered that nothing could be yielded
unto, to bind the Company without the consent of the quarter-
court, whereunto the ratification of this business must be referred :

" Whereupon, it being put to the question, first, whether they
liked to entertain this proposition in general on such conditions
as should be afterwards agreed and assented unto by themselves,
the whole court, with an unanimous consent, signified their ap-
probation thereof

** Next it was propounded and thought fit that a committee of
either Company should be appointed to treat and consider of the
matter of this contract, and out of their number to select some
to treat with my Lord Treasurer from time to time about it;
whereupon, for the Virginia Company, these eight, by erection
of hands, were chosen, viz. :

The Earl of Southampton, Mr. Nich. Ferrar, Deputy,

Sir John Brooke, Mr. Bennett,

Sir Edwin Sandys, Mr. Jo. Smith,

Sir John Dauers, Mr. Ro. Smith.

"After this, the Virginia court being dissolved into a Sumer
Islands' court, and the Lord Cavendish, Governor of the said
Companys, taking the chair, choice was made of six for the
Company, viz. : ,

Lord Cavendish, Mr. Casewell, Treasurer,

Mr. Bernard, elect-Governor, Mr. Gibbs,
Mr. Jo. Ferrar, Deputy, Mr. Ditchfield,

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 186

who are entreated by the court to take the premises into their
consideration, and to make report from time to time of their
proceedings unto the court, that their opinions and advices may
be had also therein.

"June 19th, 1622. Mr. Deputy acquainted the Company with
divers complaints that had been exhibited to his Majesty by pe-
tition against the Virginia Company, which his Majesty had been
graciously pleased to refer to iSir Christopher Perkins, one of the
masters of requests, with order to call the Deputy of the Com-
pany and some others before them, to require their answer there-
unto ; accordingly himself and some other of the Company had
been before the said Sir Christopher, where they found divers
petitions had been exhibited against the Company, where they
also found Captain Martin and Captain Hazell attending, who
had exhibited two petitions to his Majesty, complaining in their
first that the Virginia Company denied him, the said Captain
Martin, the fruition of those privileges contained in his said
patent, whereunto the Company had formerly given their answer.
In their second petition to his Majesty, Captain Martin and Cap-
tain Hazell (with many others unnamed) intituled his Majesty to
a large part of Virginia, being four-score miles in circuit, which
should be set out by Sir Thos. Dale as the King's forrest.

" To the King's Most Excellent Majesty :

"The humble petition of Captain John Martin, Esquire,
and Captain Robert Hazenell, with many others, humbly shew-
eth. that in time of Sir Thomas Dale, Governor for your
Majesty dn Virginia, there was a great quantity of wood land,
marshes and other grounds, being in circumferance, by esti-
mation, four-score miles or thereabouts, for which ground he did
compound with Pawhawtan, the Indian king or chief of that place,
and bounded the same out with markable trees and other marks
of perpetual knowledge and remembrance, with a solemn proces-
sion also of many of your Majesty's subjects there and then living,
commanding notice to be taken thereof, and to be always entitled
and called the King's forest.

" In which forest of your Majesty's, there is of deer and other
wild beasts a very great number, that being preserved with care
and judgment from continual havock and spoil that is and will be
made of them and their brood, by which preservation your

186 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE ,

Majesty's colony may be continually supplied and nourished, and
shipping plentifully victualled with corn, pork, bacon, and deer's
flesh, besides there is many other profitable commodities already
known.

" Your petitioners therefore most humbly beseech your most
sacred Majesty to be pleased to take the said forest into your
own hands, and to appoint some honourable person to be the
commander thereof, authorizing him to give order for plantations
thereon for your Majesty's best behoof and profit, giving order
also for a justice of oyer and rangers and other officers as shall
be thought most convenient for the said forest and plantation.

"And your petitioners shall pray for your Majesty's happy and
long reign over us.

"Unto this petition, as a nu&tter of great oonaeqiieiice, Sir
Christopher Perkins required, in his Majesty's name, a speedy
answer. Whereupon the council, having met in the morning and
taken it into consideration, fi-amed an answer thereunto, which
doth here ensue:

" The answer of the council and Company for Virginia^ assembled
in a general courts to the petition of Captain fohn Martin and
Captain Robert Hasswelly with many others unnamed, touching
that which they call the King^s forest in Virginia :

"The said council and Company, for answer thereunto, say
that they acknowledge no King of Virginia but King James <^
and under whom they hold, and not from King Powhawtany so
named by the petitioners. True it is, that for a permanent honor
as well to his Royal Majesty^ the founder of that plantation, as
also to his princely issue, they have named both their chief cities,
as also other places, most remarkable, with the names of his
Majesty and of his children, which they suppose doth no way
alter the property of inheritance in whose places which his
Majesty, by his letters -patent, under his great seal, hath granted
to the said Company for and throughout all Virginia.

" Touching the King's forrest, so named in the petition, it is a
name happily known to Captain Martin and his associates, but
not to the Company, and in the circuit of that territory they are
pleased to call the forrest, are placed James City in Virginia, and
also the place of residence for the Governor and Council, and

• VIRGINIA COMPANY OP LONDON. 187

also divers other principal plantations, and namely that of the
city of London.

** Touching the deer, it is here that the whole country of Vir-
ginia is replenished with them, but, as for the swine, they are no
other than the breed of such as have been transported thither by
the Company ; and it is strange unto them that Captain Martin,
who is said to have ruined as well his own estate (if ever he had
any) as also the estate of others who put him in trust (namely
Captain Bargrrave), and who had made his own territory there a
receptacle of vagabonds and bankrupts and other disorderly per-
sons, and whereof there hath been made public complaint, and
who is famous for nothing but all sorts of base conditions, so pub-
lished in print by the relaters of the proceedings in Virginia
above ten years since, and who, for the said conditions, was dis-
placed by the Lord De Lewarr from being of die Cotmcil as a
most unworthy person, and who hath presented of his own
authority (no way derived from his Majesty) to give unjust sen-
tence of death upon divers of his Majesty's subjects, and seen
the same put in cruel execution, should dare to offer himself to
his sacred Majesty as an agent either for matter pf good hus-
bandry or good order.

" And as for Captain Haswell, is neither adventurer in the
Company nor planter in colony, but a meer stranger to both, nor
otherwise known unto them than as an interpreter of a Polonian
Lord in his own creating.

" But if his Majesty should please a royal demessne, sett out
for his Majesty, his heirs and successors in Virginia, to^ be and so
be forever called the King*s land, there could be nothing more
joyfuU to the said Council and Company, nor wherein they would
more willingly employ their uttermost endeavors for the ad-
vancing of a perpetual standing revenue to his Majesty.

" The court entered into an exact discussment of all the par-
ticular points therein, and having heard it twice read, confirmed
the same, and for delivery thereof to Sir Christopher Perkins,
they humbly besought the Lord Cavendish, the Lord Haughton,
Sir Edwin Sandys, and desired the gentlemen that had formerly
been with Sir Christopher Perkins to attend them. Mr. Peirce, the
cape merchant, taking notice of Captain Martin's denial of pro-
tecting any within his territory from ajrresA for debt, affirmed that

188 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

having delivered divers warrants to the provost marshall of James
City, in Virginia, to be served upon men that were indebted, liv-
ing loosely within Captain Martin's plantation, the provost mar-
shall told him that the said Captain Martin resisted the officer
and drew arms upon, and would not suffer him to execute the
said warrants.

" William Capps *" and one Grtmden also affirmed it was com-
monly reported that Captain Martin's plantation was a place of
refuge for such as were indebted, whither they commonly fled
and were protected. Captain Rossingham^^ likewise affirmed
the same, and if Captain Martin had been of power there had
been no living in Virg^inia.

" Mr. Jefferson reported likewise that to his knowledge Captain
Martin, being summoned, refused to obey the General Assembly.

'' As each man had delivered this his report of Captain Martin
the court caused it to be read again to every of them, who
affirmed the same to be truly set down as they delivered it now
openly in court, and that they would be ready to justify the same
upon their oath.

"Mr. Deputy further presented a petition that one Adam
Dixon had exibited to his Majesty ; also an attestation of griev-
ances in Virginia exhibited by one William Kempe, unto both
which Sir Christopher Perkins, in his Majesty's name, required
the Company's answer. Accordingly, whereunto the Council
had drawn two several answers.

" To the King^s Most Excellent Majesty :

'*The humble petition of Adam Dixon,^ of Virg^inia,
humbly sheweth to your most excellent Majesty that, whereas
your petitioner was hired for Virginia for the service of
the Company and colony as mast<er-calker of the ships and
vessels, as occasion requireth, and there to serve them for
the space of three years at the rate of 36s. the month, which

'* William Capp, a Burgess for ** Kiccowtan " in 1619.

**• Ensign Rossingham, Burgess for Flo werdieu Hundred, 1619.

^^Adam Dixon arrived in \}ci^ Margaret and John about 1620, "Yeo-
man," he received patent of 200 acres near upper Chipoaks Centre in
1627. Ann, his wife, Elizabeth, his daughter, and his servant, John Mar-
tin, and himself named as ''Head Rights.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 189

time and service having fully and faithfully performed, yet being
afterwards forceably detained for the service of the colony
in their employment for the term and time of seven years or
thereabouts ; also, whereas Captain Argoll, in the time of his gov-
ernment gave unto your petitioner and one John Berrey a piece of
ground uncleared to build us a house, which we did to the cost
and charge of ;^ioo, your petitioner hath until this day received
no more money for recompense of his time and service but j£^
13s. So there remaineth due unto your petitioner ;^i50 or
thereabouts; likewise your petitioner and John Berry were this
Jast year turned out of their said house and ground by Sir George
Yeardley contrary to all equity, justice or conscience, to our great
discomfort and utter undoing.

" Your petitioner, therefore, humbly beseecheth your sacred
Majesty to be pleased to grant your most gracious reference to
the Right Worshipful! Sir Robert Mansell and Sir Christopher
Perkins, Knights, to hear and take order for our redress accord-
ing to equity and right, or otherwise to certify your Majesty
what their wisdoms shall think fit to be done therein.

" And your petitioner shall ever pray for your Majesty's long
and happy reign over us.

" The answer of the Council and Company for Virginia, assem-
bled in a general court y to the petition of Adam Dixon.

**The said Council and Company, for answer thereunto, say
that the matters therein contained are utterly unknown unto
them, and such as they have not inducements to persuade them
to believe to be true ; neither is there extant in their books any
such contract mentioned for ought they can find, and if any such
were, it must have been made in the time of Sir Thomas Smith,
when he was Treasurer and by his authority, unto whom they
refer him for answer and satisfaction touching the other part of
his own complaint against Sir George Yeardley, who was like-
wise chosen Governor of Virginia in the said time of Sir Thomas
Smith, and by his consent, if he hath committed the wrong and
outrage alledged in the said petition, whereof the petitioner never
as yet complained either to the said Council and Company,
they will take a course of redress thereof with all possible expe-
dition by commending the same to the care of the Governor and
Council now resident in Virginia.

IW) ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

" The grievances of certain inhabitants of Kikatan, in Virginia,
now called Elizabeth City^ by the testimony of William Kempe
for these named and divers others :

** Humbly sheweth that William Julian was by Captain Argall,
then Governor, allotted unto him ^a portion of land possessed
thereof, and built a house at his cost worth ;^30, and was after, by
the command of Sir George Yeardley, then Governor, turned
out of doors ; which Julian did also maintain at his own charge
for three months four men, which was also taken away from him
to serve their use without any recompense also.

"John Bush, having two houses paid for before the said Gov-
ernor came in, was in like manner turned out, and Captain Nuce
put in possession of the same by Sir George Yeardley, contrary
to all right and equity, whereby he lost all his goods, and his
wife in that extremity miscarried.

''The brother of the said John Bush, being then dead in the
house, and his wife great with child, was likewise turned out.

"John Powell was in like manner turned out of doors, and
forced to forsake his house, which he had built at a great charge
and had cleared much ground, which was very chargeable to
him also.

"Thomas Brewer, having by casualty his house burnt, and
had built another and cleared much ground, was likewise sup-
planted and turned out of doors, notwithstanding he had it con-
firmed unto him under the seal of the colony.

" Thomas Willouby** had newly hired a house, and was turned
out likewise.

^* Thomas Willoughby, merchant, may have been the son of Thomas
Willoughby, of Wateringbury, Kent, and grandson of Thomas Wil-
loughby, Dean of Rochester. He arrived in the colony in the Prosper-
ous in 1610, aged twenty-three years, and was granted in 1627 fifty acres
of land to the eastward of James City; justice of the peace of Eliza-
beth City in 1628 ; Burgess, 1629-32 ; Councillor, 1639-46 ; commissioner,
1645, to Maryland to demand the return to Virginia of Lieutenant Nicho-
las Stillwell and others. He received numerous and extensive grants
of land in Lower Norfolk county, where the family has continued
wealthy and prominent. His only son, Thomas,- born 25th December,
1632, was sent to the Merchant Tailors* School, London. Thomas Wil-
loughby, gentleman, received a grant of land in Norfolk county in 1690.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 191

"John Gundey, with his wife and child, having at his own cost
built a house, was also turned out of doors.

" All or most of these were of long continuance ancient plant-
ers, and the best members of the first mechanick trade.

" William Kemp'*^ will be sworn that this is true.

William Kempe.

" The Answer of the Company and Council of Virginia, assem-
bled in a general court, to the grievances in Virginia ex-
hibited by William Kempe :

" The sa!d Council and Company, for answer thereunto, say
that none of the parties pretended to be wronged by the said
grievances have to this day made any complaint thereof to the
said Company or Council, and, therefore, they have no cause to
conceive them to be true, and the rather for that the said William
Kempe doth not so much as pretend in his said complaint any
authority from the said parties grieved, to certify the same,
neither yet hath exhibited it to the Council or Company where
right might have been done; himself having been in England
this twelve months and upwards, which is an argument of sus-
picion that he hath rather been set on by some other men's
malice than moved with zeal of right and justice. Howbeit the
said Council and Company will, with the next opportunity, ac-
cording to their custom in causes of like nature, transmit the
said complaint to the Governor and Council resident in Virginia,
that if any truth may appear in any part thereof, they may pro-
ceed as well to a due reformation of the said grievances as also
to the condign punishment of the persons charged to be delin-
quents.

"The petitions were read and the answer was approved by
the court and the delivery of them to Sir Christopher Perkins
recommended to the former committee.

** Mr. Deputy signifyed further that one Captain Somers, in a

Amons: the descendants were John Willoughby, vestryman of Elizabeth
river parish, 1761 ; John Willoughby, of Willoughby*s Point, Norfolk
county, who died before 1777, and had a son, Thomas, alive in that
year.
^°' William Kemp arrived in the colony in the George in 1618.

192 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

petition to his Majesty, had intituled his Majesty to the Somer
Islands, and to ;^i 2,000 for the amber^reece that was there
found, the answer thereunto, although it properly belonged to
the Somer Islands Company, because the Virginia Company was
in the petition taxed of injustice and oppression, he thought fit
by the way to signify e it unto them, that they might see what
machinations were set afoot against the plantations.

" To the King's Most Excellent Majesty :

* * The humble petition of Captain Matthew Somers in the
King's Bench, humbly sheweth unto your most excellent Majesty,
that whereas Sir George Somers, Knight, being one of the first
and chief of the plantations in Virginia, as it appeareth by your
Majesty's letters -patent, adventured ;^i,ooo and odd pounds,
being forced by foul weather to save himself and company,
sought an island called the Bermudas, where he lost his ship and
soon after his life, your humble petitioner, his immediate heir
and there in person, built a small pinnace to convey his company
for England, and left three men to continue the possession in
your royal right.

"The Virginia Company, understanding this discovery, did
challenge it as their right, being one hundred leagues at the least
without distance of their grant, the said Company sent a Gov-
ernor with men to take that possession from your Majesty, and
finding your petitioner's men still living, who found, by their
industry, a cake of ambergreece of one hundred and sixty
pound weight, the said Governor, hearing thereof, did violently
take it from them to the use of the Company, who sold it for
;^i 2,000, and offered violence to those men for the confessing o^
more. Shortly after the said Company sold the said Islands to a
particular company for ;^2,ooo, as was confessed by Sir Edwin
Sandys in open court, without relief until this day of your peti-
tioner, either for his adventure or otherwise, albeit they have
often been sought unto at your petitioner's great charge and
utter undoing, and now not so much as his petition to be read in
their court, but threatened to put out his friend, the solicitor
thereof, out of the court. These and no other comforts can we,
the ancient adventurers, receive amongst them, which we most
humbly beseech your Majesty for God's cause to see redressed-
Further, your petitioner most humbly beseecheth your sacred

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 193

Majesty to enter into consideration of your own royal rights
therein, and to give order to the Right Honourable, the Lords
of your Highnesses Council, for the hearing and determining of
your Majesty's rights, and also for the relieving of your poor
supplicant.

"And he shall (as in duty most bounden") ever pray for your
Majesty's most happy and prosperous reign.

" The answer of the Governor and Company for the Somer Is-
lands, assembled in a general court, to the petition of Mathew
Somer s, prisoner in the King^s Bench :

" The said Governor and Company, for answer thereunto, say
that it is true that the Virginia Company, at their own great
charges, furnished and set out Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George
Somers, Knights, with a fleet of divers ships and some hundreds
of people in a voyage to Virginia, of the which the said Sir
Thomas Gates to be the Lieutenant-Governor, and to hold the
chief place of government in the absence of the Lord De Lawar,
then Governor of Virginia, and Sir George Somers to be admiral.

" And it is also true that the said Sir Thomas Gates and Sir
George, passing both in one ship, were forced, by foul weather
and a leak in their ship, to run her upon the rocks of the islands,
then called Bermudas, now the Somer Islands.

*'From whence, having built a small ship and pinnace, they
went on to Virginia, with intent to send a ship back to the said
Bermudas for bringing of hogs from thence to Virginia (whereof
they found great store in the said Bermudas), and in the mean
time were left behind three of the Company's men upon other
occasions than in the said petition is mentioned, it being then
conceived that the said Islands lay nearer to Virginia than it was
afterwards proved, and consequently they belonged unto the
Company of Virginia, by vertue of an original grant from his
Majesty, which, afterwards appearing to be otherwise, they were
humble suitors unto his Majesty for an enlargement of the said
former grant, whereby the said Bermudas might be contained
within their limits, which they also obtained ; in which mean time
Sir George Somers being sent back from Virginia to the Somer
Islands for transporting of the said hogs, by reason it being con-
ceived that these islands, lying low, would not be easily found
again, but by a man of great skill in all passages by sea, such as

IS

194 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

was Sir George Somers, it pleased God that there be ended his
days, and the petitioner, Matthew Somers, kinsman to Sir George
Somers but not his heir (contrary to the trust and intended pur-
pose of that voyage), instead of returning with the said hogs to
Virginia pers waded the mariners to come away for England,
where the said Matthew Somers has ever since continued, for
ought that the Company knoweth, without performing any the
least service for behoof of either plantation. The Company for
Virginia having obtained the said grant of the Bermudas from
his Majesty, and finding it very convenient for a strength to
Virginia to be planted and peopled, being not able to effect the
same at their common charge, did pass their right away to divers
principal members of their Company undertaking for the planting
and peopling of the same.

" And afterwards, upon surrender of the said grant unto the
King, his Majesty was pleased under his great seal to grant the
said islands to the said undertakers, and to incorporate them by
the name of the Company of London for the planting of the
said Bermudas from thence forward to be called by the name of
the Sumer Islands, for the planting and peopling whereof the
said Company have dispended of their own proper goods to the
sum of one hundred thousand pounds and upwards.

" And they say further, that true it is that the said three men
left behind in the said islands as aforesaid, happened to find one
block of ambergreece of a very great value, the right whereunto
was granted to the said Company for the Somer Islands by the
Company for Virginia, at whose charges and in whose service
the said three men were sent out and employed. Notwith-
standing, by reason of underhand conveyance away of the said
ambergreece, the said Company for the Somer Islands never
recovered above one-third part of the said block of ambergreece,
the certain value whereof they are not able to deliver, by reason
that the then Governor of the said Company being then also
their Treasurer, hath hitherto refused to deliver up to the said
Company an account of this treasury, and touching the third
part of the said ambergreece which came to the possession of the
then Governor of their Company, and whereunto they conceive
they had a just and lawful title, they having, notwithstanding,
compounded for the same with the finders thereof aforesaid, so
as none of them have any cause to complain of the said Com-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 195

pany, and, least of all, the said Matthew Somers, who had an
interest therein.

"And as for the said petitioner's demand of the right of the
said Sir George Somers in Virginia for his pretended adventure
being far short of the sum set down in the said petition, the said
Company saith that the said Matthew Somers, being not right
heir to the said Sir George Somers, as was confessed by his
solicitor, one Captain Bayly, in open court, can have no just pre-
tence to the same, but that the Company for Virginia have always
shewed themselves very willing to do all right to the true heirs of
the said Sir George Somers with as much favour and assistance
as they may reasonably desire ; and although the said Matthew
Somers have no just cause to stile himself either an ancient ad-
venturer or planter, considering his short abode there and sudden
return without license ; and the said Company for Virginia have
been greatly wronged by his solicitor, Captain Bayly, whom it
seems nothing can satisfy but the destruction of both the planta-
tions, yet if there be anything of right belonging to the said
Matthew Somers, upon notice given thereof, he may receive fit
satisfaction.

" This being the true state of the matter complained of in the
said petition, the said Governor and Company forbear to make
answer to a multitude of other particularities therein contained,
the same being either frivolous or void of all colour of truth.

" It being moved to know the pleasure of the court for sale of
the tobacco brought home in the George, in respect the markets
here were bad for vending tobacco except at a very low price, it
was advised that unless it could be sold for 4s. per pound to for-
bear the sale, both of the Company's tobacco and of the maga-
zine, for some few days longer, until it might be known whether
the intended contract with his Majesty did proceed or not.

"At an extraordinary court, held the 29th of June, 1622, this
court being purposely called to be made acquainted how far the
committee (appointed by the former court) had proceeded in
their treaty with the Right Hon'ble the Lord High Treasurer of
England, touching a contract to be made with his Majesty by the
Virginia and Sumer Islands Companies for the sole importation
of Tobacco, Sir Edwin Sandys, being entreated by my Lord of
Southampton to make the relation, signifyed unto the court that
the aforesaid committee, after mature deliberation had upon the

196 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

premises, thought fit to offer unto his Lordship certain proposi-
tions touching this intended contract, which propositions, accord-
ing to his Lordship's desire, were set down in writing, and the
same were now also read in court, being here ensuing :

** Propositions from the Companies of Virginia and the Somer
Islands^ offered to the Consideration of the Lord High Treasu-
rer of England^ touching a Contract to be made with his
Majesty for the Sole Importation of Tobacco,

" I. That the Companies have the sole importation of Tobacco
into the Realms of England and Ireland.

" 2. That his Majesty, by proclamation, inhibit all others under
pain of confiscation of their tobacco and his Majesty's high dis-
pleasure.

**3. In consideration whereof, as also for that the Companies
shall be discharged from any other payments due to his Majesty
or to any other person by grant from him, excepting only the
ancient custom set down in the printed Book of Rates (6d. per
pound for roll tobacco and 4d. for leaf), the Companies shall pay
unto his Majesty a full fourth part of all the tobacco that shall
be yearly imported and vended in either of these two Realms
during the said contract ; and if the said fourth part shall hot
amount to the full value of ;^20,oco by the year above all charges
and deductions^ in that case the Companies shall make addition
out of their said tobacco in such quantity as to make up the said
;^20,ooo, provided the said addition yielded unto by the Compa-
nies in the case aforesaid do at no time exceed a full third part of
the yearly value of their tobacco.

" 4. And touching the said custom, their desire is that his
Lordship would be pleased that it might be reduced to a certain
sum, being the medium of these seaven years last past, of which
sum the Company to pay their ratable part of their proportion
of tobacco and his Majesty the like ratable part.

** 5. That the tobacco to be brought in be all consigned into
one hand, viz., of such officers as the Companies shall appoint,
and the said Companies have the sole management of the said
sale of tobacco, yielding unto his Majesty a true and perfect ac-
count thereof, and paying the profit that shall grow due unto his
Majesty unto such as the Lord Treasurer shall appoint to receive
the same.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 197

" 6. That all the charges, as well for the freight and carriage
as for all other things incident to the ordering, disposing and sale
of the said tobacco, be defalted and allowed in the said account
proportionably out of his Majesty's and out of the Company's
parts.

** 7. That his Lordship be pleased to take a strict course for
the preventing of all undue bringing in of tobacco by other
means.

" 8. That his Lordship be likewise pleased for the persons to
take order for the preventing of bringing in of Spanish tobacco
more than the allowance already sett.

" 9. That all confiscations and other penalties upon this contract
be divided into three parts — the one part to his Majesty's use*
the other to the Companies' use, and the third to the informer.

" 10. That the contract begin at Michaelmas next and continue
for seven years.

"11. That this grant intended be for all other matters tending
to this business, drawn in most beneficially for the Companies and
for the advancement of the plantation and his Majesty's profits
aforesaid reserved.

" 12. That if any confiscation of tobacco happen between this
and Michaelmas next, the same must be for the uses aforesaid,
which if it cannot be granted, that yet at leastwise the tobacco so
confiscated be sent out of the realm to be sold elsewhere, not to
clog these kingdoms therewith, which would tend as well to the
damage of his Majesty as of the Companies.

** 13. That in his Majesty's said proclamation there may be
inserted a limitation of the price of tobacco, as well for the Com-
panies as for the retailers, so that the Company shall sell no to-
bacco at above 8s. the pound nor the retailers at above los., and
so much ratably for lesser quantities, single pipefuUs of tobacco
only excepted.

" 14. Lastly, the Companies humbly beseech his Lordship to
be a means that his most gracious Majesty may be more truly
informed of their present proceedings in this his Majesty's ser-
vice for the benefit and advancement of these his royal planta-
tions, having found to their exceeding great grief and discour-
agement that the maligners of them and their actions have much
prevailed against them by most untrue suggestions, that so stand-
ing right in his Majesty's favour they may with more comfort

198 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

continue in their toilsome cares and endeavors for the setting
forward of these noble works, and in all other services that may
be acceptable to his Majesty.

" In answer whereunto his Lordship delivered three exceptions
taken against them :

*' First was, that the offer of a fourth part by the Company
with a conditional addition might be altered into an absolute
grant of a third.

" Secondly, that there be no discharge of the patent of gar-
beling.

"Thirdly, that the King might not be charged with any
fraight.

*'Unto which several exceptions the Company had framed an
answer, and had also made an addition of certain clauses assented
unto to be inserted in the contract, haveing been omitted in the
first propositions.

" Which answer to those exceptions, and those other additions
were likewise here read, and are the ensuing:

" The answer of the Committees to certain exceptions taken on
the Lord Treasurer s behalf to the propositions of the Com-
pany s touching the sole importation of Tobacco,

" First, his Lordship desires that the offer of a fourth part,
with some conditional addition, be altered into an absolute grant
of a third part.

" The committees make answer that the generality of the Com-
panies do conceive that the offer of a fourth part, with the con-
dition of enlargement annexed, to have been so large, as that
it would have been accepted.

" Notwithstanding, the committees will do their best endeavors
to draw them by perswasion to yield to this demand of a third
part, so that there be no further burdens laid upon them ; which
if there should be they think it not possible to bring the Com-
panies to yield unto it.

" Secondly, it is required by his Lordship that there be no dis-
charge of the patent of garbeling.

** The committees answer that they are credibly informed that
the patent for garbeling hath not hitherto taken effect upon any
man as questionable; first, whether tobacco be garbellable at all.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 199

and, secondly, whether the proportion of a groat upon a pound
be not excessive, considering that some tobacco is dayly sold for
little above that value (all duties discharged), and in particular
for themselves the Companies alledge that by their precedent let-
ters-patent granted from their Majesty, they stand free and dis-
charged from all taxes besides the customs. Notwithstanding,
the committees conceive that, if his Lordship would be pleased
that in the contract and grant the Companies might be clearly
discharged from all claym of that patent, it would be a great
inducement to the Companies to yield to that third part desired.
Whereas, contrariwise, if they should conceive that besides that
third part, and the old custom expressed in the printed Book
of Rates (which they yield to pay for their two-thirds), they shall
also be charged with the groat for garbeling, it would amount on
the whole to a full moiety of their goods.

" Thirdly, his Lordship doth not hold it reasonable that the
King should be charged with any freight, considering that his
right to the third doth grow upon the arrival of tlie same within
these his kingdoms ; but his Lordship is well pleased that in all
other charges after the said arrival the king bear his part accord-
ing to his proportion of a third.

** The committees answer that they will do their best endeavors
to perswade the Companies to rest satisfied herewith.

" Addition of certain clauses assented unto to be inserted in
the contract having been omitted in the first propositions.

" That there be a clause inserted for restraint of bringing in
Spanish tobacco above 60,000 weight.

** That there be likewise inserted in the contract a grant or
covenant from his Majesty against the granting of licenses to re-
tailers of tobacco, but that the sale thereof may remain free as
hitherto it hath done.

* * The rating of the prices of tobacco as well for the merchant
as for the retailer, his Lordship is pleased to leave to be set down
by the Companies upon full debate of all the reasons thereto in-
cident.

" Whereas they have received from his Lordship the medium
of the quantity of tobacco brought in these seven last years, end-
ing in Michaelmas, 1621, amounting to 142,085^.

* * The committees desire that by a new examination it may be
more particularly set down how much thereof was roll tobacco

200 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

and how much was leaf, because of the different customs, and that
the whole may be reduced to a certain sum of money, of which
sum one-third to be paid by the King, two-thirds by the Com-
pany, and the customers to make no farther demand.

" He further signified that since that time the committee had
received his Lordship's pleasure upon a new proposition, viz. :
that for these two next years either the Company should be
bound to bring in 60,000 weight of Spanish tobacco or other-
wise permit 40,000 weight to be brought in by some other.

" Which proposition appearing very grievous to the commit-
tees, aad such as did cross their original purpose, they made reply
with eight reasons against it, which they also caused to be deliv-
ered in writing to his Lordship, being these ensuing.

"The committees have lately received his Lordship's pleasure
upon a new proposition not formerly mentioned, viz. : that for
these two next years either the Companies should be bound to
bring in 60,000 weight of Spanish tobacco, or in case of their
unwillingness to be thereto tyed, thev should be content that some
other might bring in 40,000 weight of tobacco, where his
Majesty likewise to have the profits of one-third.

'*The committees make answer that they conceive that the
bare publishing of this proposition woiild breed in both the Com-
panies so great averseness, that they would be incapable of that
persuasion which they now trust may prevail to induce them to
yield to the former point in question.

** The reasons which moved the committees to be of this opinion,
are these ensuing :

** I. They say that the example of binding men to bring in any
foreign commodity, whereof there is sufficient growing within the
King's ow,n dominion, will seem very strange and such as sup-
pose hath not been heard of in any part of the world.

** 2. They say that the former patentees for the sole importa-
tion were free from this bond.

" 3. They conceive that this proportion doth overthrow the
former contract in the most material parts thereof, especially if it
should be yielded that any other besides the Companies should
have liberty to bring in any Spanish tobacco.

**4. They leave it to his Lordship's grave consideration
whether the forbidding to plant tobacco in England, and the com-
manding thereof to be brought in from a foreign county being

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 201

conceived to have been a chief cause of the want of money in
this reahn, would not be g^reivous to the EngUsh subject and
greatly prejudicial to the patentees in their reputation.

" 5. They say that the proportion mentioned in the proposition
of 60,000 weight seemeth very excessive, and more than was
brought in in divers of the said seven years, when there was no
restraint at all for bringing in of Spanish tobacco.

" 6. They conceive that this proportion may in effect clearly
cross the two main ends proposed in this contract, namely, the
profits of his Majesty and the benefit of the plantations, seeing
that it is generally known and confessed that there hath been in
these later years as much tobacco unduly brought in without
paying of custom, as that which hath been orderly brought in by
the merchant, which, if it hath heretofore been I2d. out of the
King's way, will now upon this contract be near ten times as
much ; and the onely way to prevent this fraud and mischief is
the certain discerning of the several kinds of tobacco, wherein
there can be no error, whereas, contrariwise, under the colour of
Spanish tobacco, it will be impossible to avoid the stealing of ten
times as much, whereof the former patentees have had dear ex-
perience. So that if his Majesty should gain by that propositions
some thousands of pounds one way, he should lose twice as
much by running hazard of wronging the great contract ; and
this reason is of like force touching the benefit of the plantations,
which, together with his Majesty's profits, must stand and &11,
grow and diminish.

" 7. They say that the bringing in of so great proportion of the
best Spanish tobacco must utterly abase the price of the tobacco
of both the plantations, whereby the disprofit, as well to his
Majesty as to the plantations, may prove greater than the benefit
conceived by this new proposition.

'* And, touching the plantations, it appeareth most manifestiy,
by the experience of this year, that the bringing in of the sixty
thousand weight hath kept down the Virginia and Somer Islands
tobacco at the same rate as formerly, so that, by the admitting of
this proposition, the plantations should depart with one-third of
their tobacco without any retribution in the price, as was at first
proposed.

" 8. Lastly, the committees say that, being left at liberty accord-
ing to the former propositions, if they shall find hereafter, by

202 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

reason or experience, that the bringing in of some Spanish
tobacco may prove a matter of benefit to the King and Com-
pany, they shall have great reason to apply themselves thereunto,
within the limits prescrit>ed, and with better caution than could
be observed if they should admit of any partners.

* * Howbeit, it being afterwards made evident unto them and
much urged that the bringing in of Spanish tobacco, for a certain
time, was of that importance as might not be omitted ; hereupon,
the committee, taking into their serious consideration how availa-
ble it will be unto both the plantations that his Majesty's profit
go hand in hand with the Company's, and, on the other side,
considering that if this contract did not proceed, a worse accident
might befall, they apply' d, to the best of their understanding, to
set down some means so to qualify the said new propositions as
might be least prejudicial to the plantations, which thought fit to
restrain to these three limitations : First, that the contract for bring-
ing in of Spanish tobacco be limitted to two y^ars and no longer.
Secondly, that the quantity be reduced to these propositions,
namely, not to exceed sixty thousand weight nor to less than
forty thousand weight. Thirdly, that it be with this condition
that the Spaniards do not raise the custom or other burthens, or
the present price that now it is sold at in Spain, and that the
markets of tobacco in Spain be, in all respects, as free as formerly
they have been, or otherwise the said covenant for bringing in of
Spanish tobacco to be void and discharged.

** He also signified that, in regard this new proposition had an
appearance of damage and danger both to the Company and
plantations, they therefore thought fit to extend the whole con-
tract for three years in certain, and afterwards for four years more,
yet so as the Companies be at liberty to dissolve this contract
upon a year's warning, given either at the end of the second
year or any year after.

** All which proceedings of the committees being thus related
and read, and the court, duly weighing them, acknowledged had
proceeded therein with as much care, wisdom and circumspection
as possible they could desire, and themselves much bound to the
honourable Lords and others, the committees, for the extraordi-
nary pains they had taken in this business. And because it ap-
peared there were now some things propounded which the
Company never heard before, namely, the bringing in of a certain

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 203

quantity of Spanish tobacco and the yielding of a third part
thereof unto the King, they desired time until the next court to
consider thereof, as also of the best means of preventing the
stealing of any more than the proportion, if that of necessity
must be yielded unto.

** In a preparative court held the ist of July, 1622, the whole
proceedings of the committees touching the contract to be made
with his Majesty by the Companies for Virginia and the Somer
Islands for the sole importation of tobacco having been read,
after some pause thereupon. Sir Edwin Sandys, who had been
desired to make report of the said proceedings, took occasion
to acquaint the Company that the committees having received a
new proposition from the Lord Treasurer for the bringing in of
60,000 weight of Spanish tobacco, or otherwise to permit 40,000
weight to be brought in by some other, they had opposed it with
the eight reasons that were read against it ; but there appearing
unto them a necessity of yielding thereunto, or otherwise to
break the bargain in hand with the King, the committee laboured
in this extremity to qualify this proposition by restraining it to
the three limitations, which they had heard likewise read. And
lastly, they thought fit that forasmuch as this new proposition had
appearance of damage and danger, both to the Companies and
plantations, they thought meet to limit the contract to three years
more, yet so as the Companies to be at liberty to dissolve this
contract upon a year's warning given, at the end either of the
second year or any year after, which lymitation, though it had
not as yet been imparted to my Lord Treasurer, yet the party
appointed to treat with them herein made no great doubt but
that it might be granted.

" But touching the patent of garbelling, which the committee
desired to be discharged of, the Lord Treasurer said it was out
of his power to recall what his Majesty had already granted
under his great seal to certain gentlemen, with whom, notwith-
standing he made no question but that they could compound
upon reasonable conditions, or otherwise they were at liberty to
stand upon the alledged privilege of their patent and benefit of
the common law (if they conceived that might help them) for his
Lordship hereupon that he did urge this present contract than it
might well stand with the future good of both the plantations.

''Whereupon, the matter being taken into debate by the Com-

204 ABSTRACT OF PROCEBDINGS OF THE

panies, some conceived that as it would be grievous unto the ad-
venturers, so would it be unto the planters in Virginia, nor could
it stand with the safety of the plantation, if the planters, upon
half profits, be also forced to pay a third part of their tobacco to
the King ; but it was answered, by reason they were to pay the
King in the specie of tobacco, and not in money, and for all
other duties to pay only the medium of the custom (if they
might therewithal be discharged of the matter of garbeling), it
was very probable (the business being duely managed) they
should not be in worse case than they were before ; whereupon
some moved that the contract with his Majesty might be condi-
tional, with profer of a fourth part for the present, until they
might be eased of their covenant for bringing in of Spanish to-
bacco, and also quit of the said covenant for garbeling ; and
others would that a clause might be inserted in this contract to
free them from it, but it was answered that a precedent patent
could not be infringed by any after grant, nor was it held fit so
much as to question the priviledge of their patent, which was
sufficient against it.

''After which debate, with some other allegations tending to
impugn the said contract, and the Lords that were present de-
sired that the business might be proceeded with in an orderly
manner and brought one way or other to a certain resolution and
conclusion. Sir Edwin Sandys hereupon moved that for a more
orderly proceeding herein, the whole business might be reduced
to certain heads, and that each of those heads might be tho-
roughly debated of, and the court to pass their judgment seve-
rally upon each, and finally, in conclusion, upon the whole bar-
gain of the contract ; and he said that he had observed in the
reasons and allegations which had been hitherto made, that some
of them did directly impugne the contract, or some branch
thereof, and some others did move onely questions of certain dif-
ficultys, that seemed to depend upon the ordering and managing
of this business, which difficultys seemed not to be of that im-
portance as to dishearten men from it, if the contract itself was
assented unto ; and therefore to proceed with the contract itsel^
first acquainted the Company that this matter of contracting for
the sole importation of tobacco had moved originally from an
offer made for the same by the then Governor and Deputy of
the Company for the Sumer Islands, who had also been Trea-

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 205

surer and Deputy of this Company, as was openly delivered at
the Council board in presence of himself and many others of the
Company now in court ; whereupon it was conceived, by reasons
of the quality of the persons, the offer had moved from the two
Companies, which, at the same time, was absolutely disavowed
and denied by the members of both Companies then attending
their Lordships. But the first mover of this contract for the sole
importation coming to no higher an offer than ;^io,ooo rent by
the year, it was undertaken by others — namely, Sir Thomas Roe
and his associates, at a much greater rent, who, for the raising,
besides their patent of contract for sole importation, procured
also a proclamation from his Majesty straightly inhibiting all
others to bring in any tobacco into this realm without the pa-
tentees' license, which was the cause of the Company then at-
tending their Lordships ; whereupon, a gracious reference to his
Majesty, they obtained liberty, notwithstanding the said procla-
mation, to bring in 55,000 weight of tobacco from the two plan-
tations, whereof the Company for Virginia did bestow their
whole part upon the other Company. Sir Thomas Roe's year
being ended, the said contract hath been undertaken this year by
Mr. Jacobb, tho' not at the same rent, who contrariwise hath pro-
cured (as he hath been informed) a commandment to the Com-
pany to bring in all their tobacco, which it seemeth was to the no
greater content of than the first restraint from bringing in any at
all without license. These troubles, as they all knew, had be-
fallen the Companies by reason of those contracts for sole im-
portation, and that not long after, in thankfulness to his Majesty
for prohibiting the planting of tobacco in this realm (which was
done without any suit from the Companies), the Company of
Virginia had yielded for five years to double their custom.

" But the Lord Treasurer hereupon observing what grievous
molestation the Companies have sustained from time to time in
their proceedings, by reason the said contract was managed by
others, did, therefore, now make offer thereof to the companies
that if they so liked, and should find it to be for the good of
their said Companies and the plantations, they might now con-
tract with his Majesty for the sole importation of all tobacco
whatsoever ; so that it was now to be considered whether they
think it more fit for them than any other to entertain this con-

206 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

tract with his Majesty, which he said was the first point to be
resolved on in this business.

" After long pause and much dispute, it was desired at length
it might be put to the question, which was proposed in this
manner :

" Whether the Companies of Virginia and the Sumer Islands
thought fit to entertain this contract with his Majesty for the sole
importation of tobacco upon such conditions as should be agreed
Oft, or suffer the same to be entertained again by some other.
Hereunto the court generally signified their willingness and con-
sent to entertain the said bargain.

'*The second question proposed by Sir Edwin Sandys to be
considered of, was at what rate this contract should be concluded
upon, there having been a fourth part of the tobacco offered to
his Majesty, which would not be accepted.

" In declaration whereof. Sir Edwin Sandys signifyed that my
Lord Treasurer's speech was that, seeing his Majesty's profit was
to be raised only by sale of tobacco, and not in certainty of
money, he was so to provide that the King's Majesty were to be
no looser by this bargain. To prevent which, he having duely
calculated the medium of tobacco that hath been brought in the
last seven years, and considered of all circumstances incident
hereunto, he said he could demand no less than a third part of
the tobacco for his Majesty.

" Sir Edwin Sandys further signified that the committee, enter-
ing into consideration of this point, found by the rates that the
tobacco is now sold at that they paid already little less than a
third part, all charges considered.

"As for the custom insisted upon for the King, it was presumed
the price of tobacco would hereby be so much advanced as would
give the Company a convenient retribution.

**The committee further informed the Company that my Lord
Treasurer said that if the Company shall at any time desire to
transport the tobacco, which they cannot rent here at home, into
any foreign parts, it shall be free always from custom. It was
further intimated that it was intended that the King's part of the
tobacco and the Company's shall be sold together and not
divided till the moneys thereupon be raised.

"As for the intricacy which was supposed would happen in the

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 207

sale thereof, in regard of the different goodness of the tobacco
(whereby it was conceived men would be the more careless in the
making and curing thereof, if once they understand it shall be
sold confusedly together) answer was made it should be valued
and sorted according to the goodness. Whereupon, it being
agreed to be put to the question whether the Companies did not
think it better to contract for the sole importation and sale of
tobacco and yield a third part thereof to the King, over and
above their parts of ancient custom, rather than break the bargain
with his Majesty, the whole court did generally agree to give a
third.

"The third question offered to their consideration by Sir
Edwin Sandys was touching the new proposition of bringing in
a quantity of Spanish tobacco, against which Sir Edwin Sandys
signified the eight reasons lately read were opposed, being con-
ceived it would, in effect, clear cross the two main ends proposed
in this contract, namely, his Majesty's profit and the benefit of
the plantations. But his Lordship returning answer that this was
a matter of so great importance and consequence as could not be
dispensed with, the committees hereupon did endeavor to qualify
it with such limitations as had been before recited, from which
they had been also informed that his Lordship did not dissent.

" This point being a long time debated by the Company, a
question was moved, whether in case the 40,000 weight proposed
being transported into any other foreign parts and not here into
England would be allowed, the King having his third duely paid
him.

* * It was conceived it must first be imported, otherwise it would
not satisfy, but yet it could not then be here rented, there was no
doubt but they might export it to the best markets. Some were
of opinion that the King would gain but little by bringing in of
Spanish tobacco, in regard so much the more of the Company's
tobacco must be transported elsewhere for want of sale. At
length, at the request of the Company, it was put to the ques-
tion, namely, whether the Companies did not think it best for
them to undergo this consideration of bringing in yearly 14,000
weight of Spanish tobacco for the two next years onely, with
those other qualifications which had been formerly read, rather
than to break the contract intended with the King. The court
did generally declare themselves willing to undertake it, provided

208 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

that casualty at sea be excepted, and those other considerations
granted that have been alledged.

" The next question offered by Sir Edwin Sandys to their con-
sideration touching the addition of charges, namely, the matter
of garbeling and freight. Touching the first, it was allfedged by
some of the Company that it appeared the committee had two
strings to their bow — namely, the benefit of the common law and
the power of the King's letters-patents formerly granted to them.

" It was also informed by other of the Company that this patent
of garbeling, being questioned by the lower House at the last
meeting of the Parliament, was adjudged by all the lawyers of
that House to be a grievance both in the creation and (if ever it
proceeded so far) much worse in the action.

** Whereupon, it being put to the question whether the Com-
panies thought it not fit to proceed in this contract and leave the
matter of garbeling in the state it is rather than otherwise to desist.
The court generally agreed to leave it so, and to insist upon the
validity of their own patent and this benefit of the common law
if need be.

" The last question where it was alledged by Sir Edwin Sand)rs
that the Lord Treasurer consented that the King should bear his
third part of all other charges after the arrival of the tobacco
here, at which time his interest unto that third did begin, but not
to look back to any charges precedent.

" This point being thought fully debated, and with much oppo-
sition, the Company at length desired it might be put to the
question, which was proposed after this manner, whether they
thought it not better to pay the whole freight of the tobacco,
that is to say as well for the King's third part as their own, rather
than to break the bargain with his Majesty, the Company, by
plurality of voices, agreed to pay the whole freight. Sir Edwin
Sandys likewise moved, that for avoiding differences or questions
that might arise on the King's part about the appointing of offi-
cers and allowances for their salaries, and for other charges about
this business, that it might be added to the rest of the articles,
that the Company may have power to chose their said officers,
and that their salaries and all other charges be rated and set
down by them in their general courts, and that upon their
accounts the entire charges be defalted and allowed.

** These businesses being thus ordered, the last thing taken into

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 209

consideration was the reducing of the whole contract by writing
into articles, to be presented to the Lord Treasurer the next day,
which articles, being assented unto by his Lordship, are to be
offered to the judgment of the quarter-court to be held on Wed-
nesday next, to be finally concluded and confirmed.

" Whereupon the court entreated Sir Edwin Sandys to take
the pains to draw up the said articles, and being perfected, the
court humbly entreated the Earl of Southampton, together with
Sir Edwin Sandys, to repair to the Lord Treasurer's some time
to-morrow about the premises.

At a quarter-court held on the 3d of July, 1622, in the after-
noon « there were present Right Honourable —

Earl of Southampton, Earl of Devonshire,

Lord Cavendish, Lord Paget,

Lord Maynard, Sir Edw. Sackvil,

Sir John Brooke, Sir Thomas Jermyn,

Sir John Dauers, Sir Robert Killegrew,*"

Sir Edwin Sandys, Sir Samuel Sandys,

Sir Walter Earl, Sir Philip Gary,
Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, Deputy, Sir Thomas Wainman,

Mr. Earl, Mr. Brooke,

Mr. Tomlins, Mr. Wrote,

Mr. Edw. Johnson, Mr. Wilmer,

Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Jo. Smith,

Mr. Ro. Smith, Mr. John Ferrar,

"*Sir Robert Killegrew belonged to a good family, and few names
were more prominent in the court biography of the Stuarts. He had
three sons: i, William, born 1605, gentleman usher of the privy cham-
ber to Charles I, and held the government of Pendennis Castle. He
was a zealous Royalist, and was knighted and made Vice-Chamberlain ;
was the author of four plays and several essays ; died 1693 ; ii, Thomas,
born in 161 1, a page at the Court of Charles I, and accompanied his son
into exile, and on the Restoration was famous as the most licentious of
the favorite companions of Charles II, receiving the title of King*s
Jester. He wrote eleven plays ; died in 1682, and was buried in West-
minster Abbey ; iii, Henry, D. D., educated for the Church, but wrot6 a
tragedy and a volume of dramas; died about 1688. His daughter,
Anne, became, as an artist, a poetess, and a beauty, one of the celebri-
ties of the Court of James II, and was immortalized by Uryden. Another
lady of the family, Catherine Killigrew, was famous for learning in the
preceding century.

210

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Palmer,
Mr. Casw'ell,
Mr. Bond,
Mr. Hackett,
Mr. Butler, .
Mr. Penistone,
Mr. Kirby,
Mr. Collet,
Mr. Hart,
Mr. Barkham,
Mr. Sparrow,
Mr. Bull,
Mr. Wiseman,
Mr. Essington,
Mr. Jacobson,
Mr. Mole,
Mr. Scott,
Mr. Rugles,
Mr. Seaward,
Mr. Cranmer,
Mr. Mellinge,
Mr. Bennett,

Mr. Dike,
Mr. Bromfield,*~
Mr. Bing,
Mr. Ditchfield,
Captain Jefford,
Mr. Moorer,
Mr. Nicholls,
Mr. Winch,
Mr. Berblock,
Mr. Stephens,
Mr. Wainwright,
Mr. Leigh,
Mr. Baynham,'"
Mr. Bolton,
Mr. Felgate,'"
Mr. Lever,
Mr. Covell,
Mr. Jefferies,
Mr. Boothby,
Mr. Swinhowe,
Mr. Mansell,
Mr. Newport,

*~Rev. Richard Buck came to Jamestown in May, 1610, and died
about 1624, leaving three sons, Gershom, Peleg, and Benoni, the last of
whom was born 1616, and alive 1637, an idiot. In 1654 Elizabeth
Crumpe, widow, and Bridget, wife of John Bromfield and relict of John
Borrowes, were the heirs of Richard Buck.

"° Alexander Baynham was Burgess for Westmoreland county in
1654. Dr. John Baynham was a medical practitioner of note in Caroline
county, Va., during the early and middle part of the eighteenth cen-
tury, and Dr. William Baynham, distinguished as a surgeon, died in
Essex county, Va., in 1814, aged sixty- five years.

"* Captain Toby Felgate, as early as 1623, had made several voyages
to Virginia, and was granted in 1626 one hundred and fifty acres of land
adjoining that of his brother, Captain Robert Felgate, who was granted
two hundred and fifty acres in Charles River (subsequently York)
county, in 1637, and four hundred acres in 1639, when his wife Marga-
rite, son Erasmus, and daughter Judith were among the head-rights.
He was a justice of the peace of York county in 1633. John Felgate, in
1635 and 1639, also received extensive grants of land, William Felgate
was a justice of the peace of York county in 1657.

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 211

Mr. Waterhouse, Mr. Withers,"*

Mr. Pierce, Mr. George Smith,

Mr. Roberta, Mr. Bagwell,

Mr. Harrison, Mr. Stephens,"'

with divers others.
" Sir Edwin Sandys took occasion to signify that, according
to the request of the former court, he had drawn up the said
articles, and after he had done, not trusting to his own judgment
therein, he had imparted them to the deputies of both the Com-
panies, who, approving thereof, he afterwards delivered them to
the Lord Treasurer, who having them, took four exceptions
against them.

"*John Withers was granted seven hundred and twenty acres of land
in Westmoreland county in 1658.

"•Captain Richard Stephens received in 1623 a grant in "James
Cittie " ♦ * " for his better conveniency, and that others may be the
more encouraged by his example to build and enclose some ground
about the bowses for gardening and planting and other profitable uses,
three-score rods of ground, situate and being about a convenient dwell-
ing-house which he hath lately builded and erected in James Cittie,
which lands lie south of upon the way along the great river, east upon

the lands of Captain Ralph Hamor, west on the land of Jaxon,

yielding and paying unto the Treasurer of the Company, at the feast of
St. Michaell, the Archangel, the fee rent of two shillings and sixpence."
Soon after his arrival he fought a duel with George Harrison, fatally
wounding him; councillor in 1630. His widow, Elizabeth, married
secondly, Sir John Harvey. His son, Captain Samuel Stephens, married
Frances, sister of Captain Alexander Culpeper, appointed subsequent
to 23d May, 1671, Surveyor- General of Vii^inia, succeeding Colonel
Edmund Scarborough, deceased. Thomas and Philip Ludwell were
successively his deputies in 167 1 and 1675. Alexander Culpeper was
among the grantees of the Northern Neck in 1680. The will of
Samuel Stephens was recorded 21st of April, 1670, and sometime in
May following his widow became the wife of Sir William Berkeley.
After the death of Sir William Berkeley, July 13, 1677, she married
thirdly, in 1680, Philip Ludwell, Secretary of the colony. George Ste-
phens Was a Burgess for James City county in 1645, for Charles City
county in 1651, and for Surry county in 1652. There were grants of
land to Garrett Stevens, or Stephens, in Warwick river in 1641 ; to
Thomas Stevens in Lancaster and Warwick counties in 1652 ; to Mary
Stephens in Surry county in 1656; to William Stephens in Surry, Rap-
pahannock, and Warwick counties in 1656 and 1657, and to John Ste
phens one thousand acres in Rappahannock county in 1657.

212 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

** I. The first was to these words of the fourth article, namely,
against the offer of a third part of the tobacco imported and
rented, whereas his Lordship required a third of all the tobacco
brought out of Virginia ; and said further, that his Majesty's
right and propriety to a third did grow upon the first arrival of
the tobacco here.

" 2. The second exception was to the shortness of the time lim-
itted for the bringing in of Spanish tobacco, being but for two
years only, which his Lordship thought too little, and therefore
desired it might be enlarged to three years at least.

** 3. The third exception was to the restraining of the contract
from seven years to three years in certain.

"4. The fourth exception was against the medium of the custom
of Ireland, which could not be granted because the medium
thereof was not as yet certainly known.

'* Lastly, his Lordship advised the Company not to stand upon
their priviledge against the patent of garbeling, but to confound
with the patentees, whom his Lordship presumed they should
find very reasonable.

" But Sir Edwin Sandys signified that the Lord Treasurer had
since sent a more favourable answer unto the Company touching
the same exceptions, for being informed that the tobacco in Vir-
ginia had three several proprietors, as first, the tobacco belong-
ing to the Company ; secondly, tobacco belonging to particular
societies and plantations ; thirdly, tobacco belonging to private
men, acquired either by purchase or their personal adventures ;
the Company over the two latter sorts had no power to prohibit
nor authority to command them to bring their tobacco hither,
but were free and at liberty by the laws and grants to carry their
commodities to what markets they pleased. Whereupon Sir
Edwin Sandys said that the Lord Treasurer desisted from his
first proposition, and did now require no more tobacco to be
brought in than the Companies shall think fit, but of that which
shall be brought in he required a third for the King ; and further
desired that the word rented might be left out of that clause ;
secondly, whereas, his Lordship desired that the two years of
bringing in of Spanish tobacco might be enlarged to three years,
his Lordship was contented it should pass for two years only if
the Company stuck much at it, but desired that a committee
might be appointed to consider what sort of Spanish tobacco

/b^

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 213

should be brought in ; thirdly, whereas, it was desired the con-
tract might continue for seven years in certain, his Lordship was
pleased to put it to the Company's choice, either to hold this farm
for seven years, or otherwise that it might be free as well for his
Majesty as for the Company to dissolve the bargain at the three
years' end. Touching the fourth exception against the medium
of the Irish custom, it was conceived the reason formerly alledged
would give the Company satisfaction.

" After this, the court entered into a serious consideration and
examination of the premisses, and having duly pondered all the
reasons and circumstances that were both now and formerly
delivered and fully debated upon, did at length desire that might
be severally put to the question, which accordingly was done
after this manner, viz :

" First, whether the Company did think, fit to yield to the Lord
Treasurer's proposition by granting a third part of all the tobacco
they> should think fit to bring in and to leave out the word
** rented,'' the court generally agreed to yield a third and to
leave out the word ** rented," as the Lord Treasurer desired.
Secondly, it being put to the question whether the Company
would enlarge the two years to three for bringing in of Spanish
tobacco, according to the Lord Treasurer's proposition, the court
by no means would yield thereunto, but generally insisted upon
two years and no longer.

" Thirdly, it was put to the question whether the court would
appoint a committee to consider what sort of Spanish tobacco
should be imported according to the Lord Treasurer's desire.
The court generally agreed thereunto. Fourthly, whereas the
bringing in of Spanish tobacco is upon condition that the Span-
iard enhance not the price thereof upon the grant of the contract
(knowing the certain quantity that must be brought in by the
Companies), my Lord Treasurer desired it might be so far
explained and intended that the Spaniards do not hereupon and
purposely and by practice, endeavour to enhance the price of
the tobacco, which explanation the court agreed should be made
of the words touching that clause.

" Fifthly, it was put to the question whether the Company would
be tied in this contract for seven years or only three years in
certain, and then his Majesty, as well as themselves, to be at
liberty to dissolve the contract, this point was much disputed.

214 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Upon some desiring it might hold but three years in hope of a
better bargain at the three years* end, and the rather because of
their 6d. a pound imposition upon their tobacco would then be
expired. But others feared a much harder bargain might be
then put upon them; whereupon, after all reasons were discussed,
being put to the question, it was, by pluraUty of voices, agreed
that the contract should hold for seven years.

" Sixthly, being put to the question whether the clause for the
medium of the Irish custom should be struck out, seing it could
not but be estimated what it might come unto, being a custom
newly established, the court did generally agre^ to have it struck
out.

** Seventhly, touching the patent of garbeling, the court have
agreed it shall not be so much as named in this contract, but they
would stand to the tryal of law for their rights.

** Eighthly, whereas, in the fourth article instead of the word
rented they had put in the word landed, but .did not know as yet
whether my Lord Treasurer would assent . thereunto (but the
committee hoped and promised they would do their best to per-
suade his Lordship to admit it). It was put to the question,
whether in case the Lord Treasurer should not allow thereof the
companies did think fit to break off this intended bargain with
the King. Hereupon the court resolved generally that the put-
ting out of the word landed should not break the bargain with
his Majesty. AH exceptions being thus cleared, the propositions
were again read all over, and the alterations also that had been
made thereupon, which beingf done the Earl of Southampton
prayed the Company duely-to consider of them, and not to spare
in so weighty a business as this was, that so nearly concerned them
all, to give their best advice and council therein, it being free for
any man to speak his mind with it or against it, as his own heart
or reason should persuade him.

'* After a long pause, forsomuch as it appeared nothing could
be said than had been formerly delivered, my Lord at length, at
request of the court, put the proposition to the question, whether
they did agree and fully consent that this contract should go for-
ward to be made with the King for the sol^ importation of to-
bacco, upon such conditions as had been formerly proposed.
The whole court, with one unanimous consent, signifyed their ap-
probation of it, ratifying and confirming the said bargain by a

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 215

general erection of hands, without contradiction, save only one
hand held up against it.

** Propositions agreed on by the Treasurer and Company for
Virginia in a great and gefieral quarter-court^ held on Wednes-
day y the sd of Jufyy i622y touching a contract to be made with
his Majesty for the sole importation of tobacco ^ which proposi-
tions they desire may be ratified by the Right Honourable, the
Lord High Treasurer of England :

** I. That the sole importation of tobacco into the realms of
England and Ireland be granted, by his Majesty's letters-patents
under the great seal, to the Companies for Virginia and the
Somer Islands.

" 2. That his Majesty, by proclamation, inhibit all others, dur-
ing the time of this contract, under pain of confiscation of their
tobacco and his Majesty's high displeasure.

" 3. That likewise the planting of tobacco in England and Ire-
land be forbidden b)^ the same proclamation during this contract
under a grievous penalty, and that the tobacco that shall be
found to be planted in England this year may, by vertue of the
former proclamation, be confiscated.

**4. In consideration whereof, as also that the Companies
shall be discharged from all other payments for tobacco to his
Majesty (except only the ancient custom set down in the printed
Book of Rates of 6d. p. ft) for roll tobacco and 4d. for leaf,) the
Company shall pay to his Majesty the clear proceed of a full
third part of all the tobacco that shall be yearly imported and
landed by them in any of these two realms during the said con-
tract. Provided always, that the said Companies shall not be
constrained to import any more tobacco of the growth of the
two plantations into either of these realms^ than themselves shall
think fit.

" 5. And touching the said custom, that his Lordship be pleased
to cause it to be reduced to a medium for these seven years last
past ending at Michaelmas, 162 1. And forasmuch as the medium
of the quantity of tobacco brought into England these seven last
years hath been delivered already to amount to 142,085^. It is
further desired that, by a new examination, it may be more par-
ticularly set down how much thereof was roll tobacco and how
much was leaf, because of the different customs. And that the

216 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE

whole may be reduced into a certain sum of money, of which
sum, one-third to be paid by the King and two-thirds by the
Company, and the customers to make no further demand for
any tobacco, either imported or exported by the said Companies,
during the time of this contract.

" 6. The Companies be content that his Majesty be disburdened
from all payment for the fraight of tobacco imported from the
two plantations or from any other foreign parts into either of
these, his realms, but desire that after the first arrival of the said
tobacco, as well for the landing, carrying and housing thereof, as
also for the keeping, tending, curing, and sorting of the same,
and likewise for transporting, whether by sea, fresh water, or
land, into divers parts of either of these, his Majesty's realms,
there to be sold and distributed. Also that his Majesty bear a
full third part of all salaries due to officers, factors, and agents,
and to all ministers and servants to be employed in any sort
within either of these realms, about the said tobacco or other
business whatsoever incident to this contract ; which salaries to
be appointed and set down by the said Companies in their general
courts, where and by whom, likewise the said officers, likewise
agents, factors, ministers, and servants shall be chosen. And
likewise that his Majesty bear one-third part of all costs and
charges in suits of law, for any matter of business concerning the
said tobacco, or for recovery of any debts from thence arising,
and finally, for all other charges whatsoever necessary or conve-
nient for the well ordering of the said tobacco and for making of
the best profit for his Majesty and the Companies aforesaid.

'* 7. That the tobacco to be brought in be consigned all unto
one hand, viz., of such officer as the said Companies shall ap-
point, and that the said Companies have the sole managing of the
said sale of tobacco, yielding unto his Majesty a true and perfect
accompt thereof, and paying the clear profit which shall grow due
unto his Majesty, and come unto their hands unto such as the
Lord Treasurer shall appoint to receive the same; in which
accompt all the said charges to be allowed and defalked as afore-
said.

"8. The Companies will be contented to be restrained from
bringing in any Spanish tobacco above the quantity of 60,000
weight a year, and to be tied likewise by covenant for the bring-
ing in of 40,000 weight of the said Spanish tobacco for every of

VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. 217

the first two years only of this contract, and no longer, upon
condition, notwithstanding, that the King or State of Spain do
not raise the custom for tobacco or other burdens imposed upon
it above the rate they are now at, or impose any new charge,
and upon condition, also, that the price of tobacco at which it is
now sold in Spain be not enhanced, and that the markets for
tobacco in Spain be in all respects as free as formerly they have
been, or otherwise the said covenant for bringing in of Spanish
tobacco to be void and discharged : provided, also, that if any
of the said quantity of Spanish tobacco do in anywise miscarry
by any casualties at sea that in that case the said Companies
shall not be bound to restore the proportion by any new provision.

** 9. They desire that there may be a rate set as well in his
Majesty's letters-patent as in his said proclamation of the price
or prices of tobacco, as well for the merchant as for the retailer,
and under a grievous penalty; which prices, nevertheless, to be
set down by the said Companies upon all reasons thereto incident.

" 10. They also desire that there may be inserted in the con-
tract a grant or covenant from his Majesty against the granting
of licenses to retailers of tobacco, so that the sale thereof may
remain free as it has hitherto done.

"11. That his Lordship be pleased to take a strict course for
the preventing of all undue bringing in of tobacco by any other
means.

" 12. That his Lordship be likewise pleased for the present to
take order for the preventing the bringing in of Spanish tobacco
more than the allowance already set down for this year.

" 13. That all confiscations and penalties upon this contract
be divided into three parts, the one part to his Majesty's use,
the other to the Company's, and the third to the informer.

" 14. That if any confiscation of tobacco shall happen between
this and Michaelmas next, the same be for the uses aforesaid,
which, if it cannot be granted, that yet at leastwise the tobacco
so confiscated may be sent out of the realm to be sold elsewhere,
and not these kingdoms therewith, which would tend as well to
the damage of his Majesty as of the Company.

" 15. That his Lordship be pleased, at the beginning of the
time to be limitted by this contract, to give order for a survey to
be taken of all the tobacco, and the several growths thereof then
remaining in these his Majesty's kingdoms, with such provision

218 PROCEEDINGS OF VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON.

as may be most proper to discover any undue bringing of any
tobacco from that day forward.

" x6. That this contract begin at Michaelmas, 1622, and con-
tinue for the space of seven years then next ensuing.

** 17. That his Majesty's grant may be drawn and construed
in most beneficial manner for the Company's and for the ad-
vancement of the said plantations, his Majesty's profit, as afore-
said, reserved.

"July 3d, 1622. The report of the committee touching Mr.
Copeland's placing and entertainment in Virginia was now read.
They have thought it fit he be made rector of the intended col-
lege there for the conversion of the infidels, and to have the
pastoral charge of the college tenants about him, and in regard
of his rectorship, to have the tenth part of the profits due to the
college, out of their lands and arising from the labors of their
tenants ; and in respect of his pastoral charge, to have a parson-
age there erected according to the general order for parsonages,
which this court has likewise well approved of, and have also
admitted him to be one of the council of state in Virginia.

"Thomas Read passed over (under his hand and seal) one
hundred acres of land in Virginia, scituate in Coxendale, over
against the Island of Henricus, some part thereof being called
by the name of Mount My Lady, unto Edward Hurd, of Lon-
don, citizen and ironmonger, which one hundred acres were
granted unto him by Sir George Yeardley, then Governor of
Virginia, and under the colony's seal, in regard of his eight
years' good service in that country. Whereupon, the said
assignment being put to the question, was allowed and confirmed
to the said Edward Hurd."

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